active reading 2.ppt

1、Mapping,Embarkation,Navigation,Destination,Resources,Active reading 2,Enhance your reading skills by using skimming and scanning techniques through in and out of classroom exercises Get to know the history of chocolate and its manufacture specifically Get to know how chocolate may affect people in g

2、eneral (e.g. positive and negative effects) Use some expressions and grammar points from the text,Chocolate,The history of chocolate,Discussion,Quiz on chocolate,The history of chocolate,Listen to the passage and fill the blanks.,Historians believe the Maya people of Central America first learned to

3、 _ cacao plants around two thousand years ago. The Maya took the cacao trees from the rainforests and _ them in their gardens. They cooked the cacao seeds, then _ them into a soft paste. They mixed the paste with water and flavorful _ to make an unsweetened chocolate drink. The Maya _ the chocolate

4、drink back and forth between two containers so that the _ had a layer of bubbles, or foam.,farm,grew,crushed,spices,poured,liquid,More,The history of chocolate,Listen to the passage and fill the blanks.,Cacao and chocolate were an important part of Maya culture. There are often _ of cacao plants on

5、Maya buildings and art _. Ruling families drank chocolate at special _. And, even poorer members of society could enjoy the drink once in a while. Historians believe that cacao seeds were also used in _ ceremonies as a sign of the union between a husband and wife.,images,objects,ceremonies,marriage,

6、Quiz on chocolate,Match each expression from Column A with the appropriate explanations in Column B.,More,Quiz on chocolate,More,click,click,click,click,click,click,Match each expression from Column A with the appropriate explanations in Column B.,Quiz on chocolate,The cacao is a tropical tree, the

7、seeds of which are used for making chocolate and cocoa. These trees are native to Central and South America. They give several harvests of cocoa beans each year. Cocoa beans are used to make chocolate, but cocoa is also a hot drink made from cocoa powder and milk or water.,click,More,Quiz on chocola

8、te,The Aztecs were natives of Mexico who were conquered by the Spanish in 1521. In the complex Aztec empire, the Aztecs ruled over many other tribes. Hernan Cortes, the Spanish leader, and fewer than 1,000 men defeated the well-organized empire in less than two years.,click,More,Quiz on chocolate,Ch

9、ocoholics are people who love chocolate and eat a lot of it. Similar words are workaholic (someone who works compulsively all the time) and shopaholic (a person who is addicted to shopping).,click,More,Quiz on chocolate,click,More,Mars is one of the biggest manufacturers of chocolate bars. The Mars

10、Bar is a chocolate bar manufactured by Mars Incorporated. A different chocolate bar with the same name was sold in the USA until 2002. It contained plain nougat, almonds, caramel and milk chocolate.,Quiz on chocolate,If someone has a sweet tooth, they like to eat sweet food, such as cakes, puddings

11、and ice cream.,click,More,Sugar, ice cream,Quiz on chocolate,Cocoa butter is a yellow vegetable fat from cocoa beans. It is used in making chocolate because it can be molded into shapes, like chocolate bars or individual chocolate pieces, which remain solid until they melt in the mouth.,click,More,M

12、ore,1. Do you like chocolate? If so, how often do you eat, and when? If not, why not? 2. What are the good and bad effects of eating chocolate? 3. What events or ideas do you associate with chocolate? 4. Why do we love chocolate?,Discussion,Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.,click,cl

13、ick,click,click,More,Discussion,1. Do you like chocolate? If so, how often do you eat, and when? If not, why not?,Yes. I love it. I dont eat it very often, about once a week, because it is quite expensive.,More,Discussion,2. What are the good and bad effects of eating chocolate?,Chocolate,energy,neg

14、ative,joy,too much sugar in it,bad for my health,positive,Discussion,More,I associate it with holidays or Valentines Day.,3. What events or ideas do you associate with chocolate?,Discussion,It gives people energy.,we love it because it tastes sweet and milky.,4. Why do we love chocolate?,Text organi

15、zation,Text exploration,Text evaluation,Comprehending the text,Making Aztec chocolate,Interpreting the text,Text organization,Read the text quickly and fill in the flow chart to understand the structure of the text.,More,Text Organisation,In the 1800s,In the 16th century,In the end of the 19th centu

16、ry,Chocolate first came to Europe,The worlds best-selling type of chocolate, milk chocolate appeared,click,click,Solid chocolate as we know it today appeared.,click,People enjoy chocolate because they _, _ whats more, chocolate helps us _.,inherited from their parents,release hormones in the brain c

17、alled endorphins.,Comprehending the text,Read the passage quickly and answer the questions.,More,More,1 What are the similarities and differences between chocolate today and chocolate made by the Aztecs? 2 Why was chocolate a luxury in the time of the Aztecs as well as when it was brought to Europe?

18、 3 How was solid chocolate made? 4 Cocoa butter melts at the same temperature as that of the human body. Do we learn if this explains why we like chocolate? 5 What aspects of chocolate interest scientists?,Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.,click,click,click,Comprehending the text,cl

19、ick,click,Comprehending the text,More,In both cases the cocoa beans are crushed and mixed with something to form a paste.,Similarities,Differences,The Aztecs made chocolate with spices, but todays chocolate is sweet. Aztec chocolate was liquid and most chocolate today is solid. Aztec chocolate was m

20、ade purely from crushed beans and spices, whereas today cocoa butter and condensed milk is added.,1. What are the similarities and differences of chocolate today with chocolate made by the Aztecs?,Comprehending the text,More,The passage implies that chocolate was a luxury because it was highly value

21、d: The Aztecs paid taxes in cocoa beans, and for the Europeans it was expensive after the long sea voyage from Central America.,2. Why was chocolate a luxury in the time of the Aztecs as well as when it was brought to Europe?,Comprehending the text,More,Cocoa beans were crushed into a powder, mixed

22、with a liquid, then heated and poured into a mould, forming shapes as it cooled.,3. How was solid chocolate made?,Comprehending the text,More,No. The text suggests there may be genetic traits for liking chocolate. It talks about endorphins and other chemicals, but it does not make a clear connection

23、 between the melting temperature of cocoa butter and why people like chocolate.,4. Cocoa butter melts at the same temperature as that of the human body. Do we learn if this explains why we like chocolate?,Comprehending the text,5. What aspects of chocolate interest scientists?,We are interested in,l

24、earning more about genetic traits,the effects of different chemicals in chocolate.,More,Making Aztec chocolate,More,Making Aztec chocolate,Making chocolate in the early 1800s,beans,mix into a,mixture,cool chocolate in,different shapes,crush,add water,get beans,from,cacao tree,make a,powder,heat the,

25、mixture,pour into a,mould,More,Making Aztec chocolate,Making chocolate after 1825,Making chocolate after 1825,More,Different rhetorical modes,Interpreting the text,When we read, we may find articles are written with application of the following rhetorical modes:,Exposition The purpose of exposition

26、is to provide some background and inform the readers about the plot, character, setting, and theme of the essay/story or motion picture. Narration is a story that is created in a constructive format (as a work of writing, speech, poetry, prose, pictures, song, motion pictures, video games, theatre o

27、r dance) that describes a sequence of fictional or non-fictional events.,More,Different rhetorical modes,Interpreting the text,Description The purpose of description is to re-create or visually present a person, place, event, or action so that the reader may picture that which is being described. Ar

28、gumentation is the interdisciplinary study of how humans should, can, and do reach conclusions through logical reasoning that is, claims based, soundly or not, on premises. It includes the arts and sciences of civil debate, dialogue, conversation, and persuasion. It studies rules of inference, logic

29、 and procedural rules in both artificial and real world settings.,More,Different rhetorical modes,Interpreting the text,Now, discuss with your partner, what rhetorical modes is applied in this passage?,The rhetorical modes applied,exposition,Interpreting the text,More,Reasons for reading,More,Interp

30、reting the text Characteristics of different writings,More,Interpreting the text Characteristics of different writings,More,Decide where you might see the passage.,Interpreting the text,In a recipe book.,In a movie review.,In a general interest magazine.,In a scientific report.,More,Interpreting the

31、 text,Not likely: There are not enough details about making chocolate and no instructions for using it in cooking. However, some cookery books do have background information about food before recipes, so it is possible that the first part might be this background; still the second part is unlikely t

32、o feature in such background information.,More,Interpreting the text,Highly unlikely: There is no information about a film production or storyline as one would expect, even for a film in which chocolate is a major theme.,More,Interpreting the text,Very likely: The information is broad, without many

33、specific details. There are several switches in the Focus (from history, manufacturing, reasons for the popularity of chocolate to general science) which may keep the casual reader interested.,More,Interpreting the text,Not likely: There are no details of a research investigation (purpose, hypothesi

34、s, research methods, results). There are general interest journals within science whose articles have background section somewhat like the passage; however, we would expect more specific details of a social survey or experiment in the second part.,More,1. Work in pairs and answer the questions about

35、 the features of the passage.,Does it contain critical opinions? Does it refer to a film, a play, or a concert? Does it contain instructions on how to make a certain dish?,No,No,No,More,1. Work in pairs and answer the questions about the features of the passage.,Are there lots of passive structures?

36、 Is it written in formal and objective English? Is it written for specialist readers? Is it written to inform or to entertain, or both?,No,No,click,Both,1. Work in pairs and answer the questions about the features of the passage.,4. Are there lots of passive structures? There are some examples: It i

37、s made ; It was used ; Cocoa beans were crushed ; It is also known ; it is not really known But such passive structures are not of a high percentage.,After reading the passage, do you think chocolate is good or bad for you? Do you agree that chocolate gives you a similar feeling to when youre in lov

38、e? Do you find chocolate difficult to resist? If the appeal of chocolate is caused by its chemical composition, do you think chocolate should be regarded as a kind of drug?,Text evaluation,Work in groups and discuss the questions, each group with one question only.,click,click,click,click,Text evalu

39、ation,I think chocolate is good for me in general, but one should not have too much of it,it makes me happy,chocolate may induce migraines (a kind of very bad headache) for some people.,1. After reading the passage, do you think chocolate is good or bad for you?,benefit,harm,More,Text evaluation,2.

40、Do you agree that chocolate gives you a similar feeling to when youre in love?,More,Text evaluation,This is hard to answer,3.Do you find chocolate difficult to resist?,No, Im strong-minded and disciplined; Im watching my weight or on a diet; I dont like it much anyway.,Yes, I need it for an energy b

41、oost; I dont think it is harmful; I eat it with friends to be sociable.,More,Text evaluation,4. If the appeal of chocolate is caused by its chemical composition, do you think chocolate should be regarded as a kind of drug?,Reference answer: Chocolate isnt a drug: it isnt a medicine; its not really a

42、ddictive; its not harmful; it shouldnt be banned; scientists and medical organizations havent recognized it as a drug. Chocolate is a drug: it has addictive properties, but its not harmful in moderation, so it shouldnt be banned; scientists and medical organizations may recognize it as a drug when m

43、ore is known about its effects.,Summarising,Talking point,Debate,Questionnaire,Is chocolate a healthy or junk food?,For a _, chocolate is extremely _. Chocolate as we know it today first appeared in the 1800s,when liquid chocolate was poured into a _to cool and become solid. Then the chocolate _ Lin

44、dt discovered how to make chocolate _by adding extra cocoa butter, and Daniel Peter first made milk chocolate using milk which had been _ and then mixed with cocoa paste, which gave it a smoother _. But the _ of chocolate is both an _ characteristic and an effect of the 300 chemicals it contains, in

45、cluding vitamins.,Summarising,Summarise the text by filling the blanks.,luxury,nourishing,mould,manufacturer,snap,condensed,flavour,popularity,genetic,Debate,Debate on peoples attitudes towards chocolate.,Is chocolate a healthy or junk food?,More,Debate,Debate on peoples attitudes towards chocolate.

46、,Published studies are accumulating that suggest cocoa and dark chocolate may decrease the risk factors of some lifestyle related diseases including diabetes (糖尿病) and cardiovascular disease (心血管病). Recent research shows that chocolate can provide natural health-promoting substances called flavonoid

47、s (类黄酮).,Possible answer: Positive side,More,Debate,Debate on peoples attitudes towards chocolate.,Since flavonoids seem to help prevent heart disease and cancer, the idea of eating chocolate sounds like a tempting and delicious way to better your health. However, although chocolate might be prefera

48、ble to other treats, it is no substitute for vegetables and fruits, which also contain flavonoids. Whats more, anything eaten in excess is less than healthy - a chocolate treat once in a while is OK, otherwise it is fattening and damaging for your teeth in a long run.,Possible answer: Negative side,

49、Questionnaire,1. When you buy food, the most important thing is _. (a) price (b) taste (c) appearance,2. When you eat in a restaurant, you always _. (a) try a little of everything (b) try only the things you like to eat (c) eat everything,More,Work in pairs and answer the questionnaire. Do you both

50、have similar tastes and attitudes to food?,Do you eat to live or live to eat?,Questionnaire,3. If there is food left at the end of the meal, you usually _. (a) leave it (b) try to eat some more (c) ask to take it away with you,4. If you have a choice, you eat _. (a) Chinese food (b) Western food (c)

51、 all kinds of food,More,Work in pairs and answer the questionnaire. Do you both have similar tastes and attitudes to food?,Do you eat to live or live to eat?,Questionnaire,6. The food youd be happy to leave out of your diet is _. (a) meat (b) vegetables (c) fruit (d) nothing,5. If youre hungry, you

52、usually _. (a) wait until the next meal (b) have your meal early (c) have a snack,More,Work in pairs and answer the questionnaire. Do you both have similar tastes and attitudes to food?,Do you eat to live or live to eat?,Questionnaire,8. When you have lunch or dinner, what you enjoy most of all is _

53、. (a) the company (b) the food (c) the television,7. If you were away from home, the food you would most miss is _. (a) noodles (b) rice (c) jiaozi,More,Work in pairs and answer the questionnaire. Do you both have similar tastes and attitudes to food?,Do you eat to live or live to eat?,Questionnaire

54、,10. The saying which best describes how or what you eat is _. (a) never eat anything you cant pronounce (b) I have eyes bigger than my stomach (c) never eat any meat if you dont know where the rest of the animal is,9. When you leave the table, you usually feel _. (a) youve eaten enough (b) you have

55、nt eaten enough (c) youve eaten too much,Work in pairs and answer the questionnaire. Do you both have similar tastes and attitudes to food?,Do you eat to live or live to eat?,Information related,Difficult sentences,Words to note,Language in use,Preview,Difficult sentence 1,The worlds best-selling ty

56、pe of chocolate, milk chocolate, which is sweeter and smoother than dark chocolate, didnt appear until the end of the 19th century. (Para 3),Which在这里引导非限定性定语从句，补述前面主句内容的不足。这种定语从句如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整、明确。,翻译：直到19 世纪末，世界上最畅销的巧克力比黑巧克力更香甜柔滑的牛奶巧克力才问世。,(1) Do you know Tom, _ we talked about? A. who B. whom C. th

57、at (2) He bought the car for more than $20,000, with _ his father was angry. A. which B. that C. what (3) I had told them the reason, _ I didnt attend the meeting. A. for which B. for what C. for that,Anals,Trans,Ex.,But what accounts for its amazing popularity or even the properties that have made

58、millions of people confess to being chocaholics? (Para 4),是什么原因使得巧克力出奇地畅销？又是什么原因导致了巧克力的上瘾特性，使许多人承认自己是巧克力迷呢？,Chocaholics are people who love chocolate and eat a lot of it. 词组 confess to (doing) something 为固定短语：confess to doing sth=confess to having done sth 对(做过)某事供认不讳,Anals,Trans,Difficult sentence 2,Difficult sentence 3,These chemicals make us feel happy and give us a sense of