Integrating social, environmental and economic dimensions into a monitoring framework.ppt

1、Integrating social, environmental and economic dimensions into a monitoring framework,Summary,Context What do data tell us about the integration of the three dimensions of sustainable development? Indicators/measures to monitor sustainable development Inequality measures Conclusion,Context,Rio+20, H

2、LPGS, post-2015 discussions Increasing interest in having sustainable development at the core of development Need to integrate the social, economic and environmental dimensions of development,What do data tell us about the integration of the social, economic and environmental dimensions of developme

3、nt?,Illustrative example: HDI versus Ecological footprint,HDI versus Ecological footprint,So far, in most countries, there has been a trade-off between socio-economic development and environmental protection,Is it possible for countries to reach higher levels of social development while keeping a su

4、stainable environmental impact?,HDI versus Ecological footprint,Some countries have succeeded in moving higher up in the HDI while keeping within a sustainable ecological footprint,HDI versus Ecological footprint,And others have succeeded to move to a lower ecological footprint while keeping high le

5、vels of HDI,What measures can make the inter-linkages between the socio-economic and environmental dimensions visible?,Indicators/measures to monitor sustainable development should: Permit to visualize the environmental implications of socio-economic activities and the welfare implications of imbala

6、nces and changes of ecosystems to promote synergies and avoid trade-offs favouring one dimension over the others Reflect the complexity of sustainable development in its multiple dimensions but be simple and user-friendly for policy makers,Integrating the 3 dimensions,Indicators on the three dimensi

7、ons of sustainable development,Environmental indicators GHG emissions Land degradation Water Forests etc,Social indicators Health Education Hunger Shelter etc,Economic indicators Income GDP Debt Productivity etc,Integrating the 3 dimensions,Indicators that reflect impacts on all 3 dimensions eradica

8、ting hunger Social: food security MDG 1.8, prevalence of underweight children MDG 1.9, population below a minimum level of dietary energy consumption Economic: efficient use of water and land Agricultural output per unit water consumed (CSD indicator), but data are scarce Environmental: decreased en

9、vironmental degradation and waste, in food production and consumption Amount of food waste (FAO) Use of agricultural pesticides (FDES indicators),Integrating the 3 dimensions,Another example: sustainable energy for all Social: energy access Energy use per capita (IEA) Share of households without ele

10、ctricity or other modern energy services (CSD indicator; collected in household surveys), but data are scarce Economic: energy efficiency Energy use per $1000 GDP (IEA) Environmental: use of renewable and clean sources Renewable as % of total (IEA) % of population using solid fuels (WHO),Integrating

11、 and balancing the 3 dimensions,Social indicators Health Education etc,Economic indicators Income Employment etc,Environmental indicators GHG emissions Land degradation etc,Social summary measure,Economic summary measure,Environmental summary measure,Integrating the 3 dimensions,Summary measures to

12、provide an overall picture of what happens in social, economic and/or environmental dimensions GDP Human development index Ecological footprint, environmental performance index, living planet index etc,Integrating and balancing the 3 dimensions,Social indicators Health Education etc,Economic indicat

13、ors Income Employment etc,Environmental indicators GHG emissions Land degradation etc,Social summary measure,Economic summary measure,Environmental summary measure,How to integrate them?,Integrating the 3 dimensions,Measures that favour synergies and penalize trade-offs Many summary measures do not

14、penalize trade offs methodology for aggregation: simple average of different indicators,Simple average Both countries, X and Y, have the same average (Env + Soc + Eco)/3 = 0.5,S = social measure Eco = economic measure Env = Environmental measure,Integrating the 3 dimensions,Measures that favour syne

15、rgies and penalize trade-offs Many summary measures do not penalize trade offs methodology for aggregation: simple average of different indicators,S = social measure Eco = economic measure Env = Environmental measure Values closer to one indicate better performance,But country X performs much better

16、 in the economic dimension at the price of a low environmental performance,Integrating the three dimensions,Simple average Both countries, X and Y, have the same mean (Env + Soc + Eco)/3 = 0.5 Geometric mean Country X: 0.36 Country Y: 0.49,Penalized for the economic-environmental trade-off,Integrati

17、ng the 3 dimensions,Measures that favour synergies and penalize trade-offs Geometric mean Has been used in the calculation of the human development index since 2011 Better than simple average at penalizing trade-offs,Integrating and balancing the 3 dimensions,Social indicators Health Education etc,E

18、conomic indicators Income Employment etc,Environmental indicators GHG emissions Land degradation etc,Social summary measure,Economic summary measure,Environmental summary measure,Overall SD measure,Inequality measures,Measure disparities across a population of the resources received by that populati

19、on Resources: income, land, education, health services, energy, water, etc. Measures across all population versus disaggregating for specific groups Across all population: Gini coefficient, Hoover coefficient, % population with access to a service, etc. For specific groups: disaggregating indicators

20、 for women/men, by wealth quintiles, for minorities, for persons with disabilities, etc.,Income inequality measures,Increased interest in the SDG discussions Associated to social negative outcomes, like increased violence, increased adolescent pregnancy rates Popular/discussed measures Gini coeffici

21、ent Palma index Poorest quintiles share in national income/consumption,Income inequality measures,Popular/discussed measures Gini coefficient Intuitive More sensitive to changes in the middle class Not immediate to see the situation of the poorest Palma index Ratio of the income of top 10% to the bottom 40% Most equal countries have Palma index close to one The bottom 40% may improve without improvement of the bottom 10% Poorest quintiles share in national income/consumption,Cumulative income,Cumulative population,Palma index for Brazil,Income ine