lecture 13 大学英语专业 英译汉.ppt

1、Lecture 13: E-C syntactical differences,Comments on assignment 11 Syntactical differences Translation skill: repetition,Lecture 13: E-C syntactical differences,Comments on assignment 11 Syntactical differences Translation skill: repetition,Translation 11,1 Recourse to arms is not the best solution t

2、o a quarrel between countries. 国与国之间的争端借助武力，并不是最好的解决办法。（名） 2 He manifested a strong dislike for his fathers business. 他对父亲的生意表示了强烈的厌恶情绪。 （名） 3 Divorce is increasing in this country with growing urbanization.这个国家的城市越来越多，离婚率也越来越高。 （名）,4 In the event of war, the side which has a high degree of mobility

3、 will get a decided advantage. 如果发生战争，哪一方有高度的机动性，哪一方就会获得决定性的优势。 （动） 5 For my own part, I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery. 依我看来，我认为这完全是一个要么赢得自由要么沦为奴隶的问题。 （动） 6 In elective monarchies the vacancy of the throne is a moment big with danger and mischief. 实行选举君主的国家，王位一旦出现

4、空缺，就危机四伏，祸患滋生。 （动）,Lecture 13: E-C syntactical differences,Comments on assignment 11 Syntactical differences Translation skill: repetition,Warming-up activity,这种人总是犹豫不决，在紧要关头总是止步不前，总是需要别人在他的背上猛击一掌，才能向前跨近一步。 Such people are always passive: They often stand still at the critical moment, and always nee

5、d someone to shove them hard on the back to make them move a step forward. Such people are always passive in that at the critical moment they stand still and have to be given a hard shove in the back before they take a step forward.,syntactical differences: hypotaxisparataxis,I Hypotaxis: In English

6、, stress is laid on overt cohesion, sentential forms, structural integrality and realization of semantic functions through forms. Therefore, various kinds of formal approaches are applied to connect linguistic units. These approaches include different relatives, connectives and prepositions, which a

7、re not only large in quantity, but are frequently employed in the language.,1 Subject-predicate mechanism,From the angle of structural analysis English sentences are generally divided into five basic patterns: SV: Everybody laughed. SVC: The man is a teacher. SVO: I want a ticket. SVoO: Mary lent me

8、 her car. SVOC: They elected him president.,2 Relatives and conjunctions,My sister is expecting me, so I must be off now. 我妹妹在等我，（所以）我得快走了。 If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？ Never before have I seen anyone who has the skill that John has when he repairs engines that were import

9、ed from Germany. 约翰修理德国进口的发动机非常熟练，我从未见过有他那么熟练的。,3 Preposition,She woke many times during the night. 她夜里醒了好些次。 Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共场所不准吸烟。,II parataxis In Chinese, formal cohesive devices are seldom employed and thus stress is laid on covert coherence and logical order of ideas

10、and events.,1 Topic-comment construction,The grammatical meaning of subject and predicate in a Chinese sentence is topic and comment, rather than actor and action. 台上坐着主席团。 这个事我没有办法。 这个房间能住三个人。,2 Order,雨下得这么大，我们只能呆在屋里了。 Since it is raining hard, we have to stay inside. 该准备期末考试了，考试不及格，不许看电视，不给零花钱。 It

11、s time that you prepared for the final examinationIf you fail in the exam, you are not to watch TV, and to have pocket money either. 她年纪比我小，结婚倒比我早。 Although she is younger than I, she got married before me.,3 Flowing-water sentence construction,接着，他继续设想，鸡又生鸡，用鸡卖钱，钱买母牛，母牛繁殖，卖牛得钱，用钱放债，这么一连串的发财计划，当然也不能

12、算是生产的计划。 He went on indulging in wishful thinking. Chickens would breed more chickens. Selling them would bring him money. With this he could buy cows. The cows would breed too and selling oxen would make more money for him. With the money, he could become a money lender. Such a succession of steps

13、for getting rich, of course, had nothing at all to do with production.,Lets go to textbook P58,Lecture 13: E-C syntactical differences,Comments on assignment 11 Syntactical differences Translation skill: repetition,Repetition,Repetition often results from differences in grammar and usage between two

14、 languages. What is usually omitted or substituted in English may often be repeated in Chinese, grammatically or rhetorically. to clarify to emphasize to be vivid,I Repetition of the Objects which is Common to Several VerbsNoun,1. Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修订修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。

15、 2.They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy. 他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。 3.Thus, I wrote “Spain in Arms, 1937” and saw China in revolution in 1925 27, and later in war with Japan. 这样我就写了战斗中的西班牙（1937年）。我也看到了1925年到27年正在进行革命的中国，后来又看到了中国正在与日本作战。,II. Repetition of the Noun which is omitted in prepos

16、itional phrase.,4. The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients. 医生从我身上得到的实践，会超过在一千七百个普通病人身上得到的实践。 5. The story of Jurgis is a story of groans and tears, of poor human beings destroyed by the capitalist industrial machine. 尤吉斯的故事是一篇充满呻吟和泪水的故事，是资本主义工业机器摧

17、残不幸者的故事。 6. We see, therefore, how the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of a long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange. 由此可见，现代资产阶级本身是一个长期发展过程的产物， 是生产方式和交换方式的一系列变革的产物。,III. Repetition of the Apposition or Noun in Chinese for the Relativ

18、e or Connective in English.,7. They have staged demonstrations and sit-ins and distributed petitions which inevitably find their way to foreign correspondents posted in Moscow. 他们举行示威游行和静坐，散发了请愿书，而这些请愿书必定会传到驻莫斯科的外国记者手中。 8. The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had born

19、e down on him so often and so hard that there was little left. 小学徒对老板尤其怕得要死，老板经常整他而且整得很重，简直把他整瘪了。,9.The President announced, with obvious relish, that the planes took off from “Shangri-la”, the fictional, remote retreat in the Himalayas. 总统得意洋洋地宣称，飞机是从“香格里拉”起飞的，而“香格里拉”是一个虚构的位于喜马拉雅山中的世外桃源。 10. All of

20、 these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostesss ultimate prize. 所有这些安排都只是这次舞会的序曲，舞会才是女主人最得意的安排。,IV. Repetition of the Verb which is common to several Objects or Adverbial.,11. For a good ten minutes, he cursed me and my brother. 足足有十分钟之久，他不仅咒骂我，还咒骂我的兄弟。 12. They covered the 19th century

21、 foreign intervention in China, Maos Long March in the mid-1930s, the French and American revolution. 他们谈到了十九世纪外国对中国的干涉，谈到毛泽东在三十年代中期的长征，还谈到法国革命和美国革命。,13. We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other of everything but our host and hostess. 我们谈到自己， 谈到前途，谈到旅程，

22、谈到天气，谈到彼此的情况谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。 14. He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights, nor contests of strength. 他不再梦见风暴，不再梦见惊人的遭遇，也不再梦见大鱼、搏斗和角力。,15. But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his fa

23、mily. 可他老婆在他耳朵跟前喋喋不休，没完没了，说他懒惰，说他粗心，还说他一家人都要毁在他的身上。 16. They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American. 他们想要确认，他是否履行了受雇条件，是否履行了作为美国公民所应尽的义务。,Practice,1. It is our duty to rebuild and defend our homeland. 重建家园和保卫家园是我们的职责。 2. They would be very relucta