人教版高一英语必修一Unit-4-grammar.ppt

1、Unit 4,Grammar,The Attributive Clause I,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主语、 谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。,句子可以由主语，谓语动词，表语，宾语，定语，状语，直接和间接宾语，宾语补足语组成归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,基本句型一： + （主谓） 基本句型二： + + （主谓/系表） 基本句型三： + + （主谓宾） 基本句型四: + +InO +D(主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五: + + +O（主谓宾

2、宾补）,基本句型 一 (subject) +V(verb)（主谓） 特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 e.g. His words works. S,V,基本句型 二 + +（主系表） 特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思， 必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构 成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做(连)系动词。 系动词可分四类： 1）be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的 作用,后可接动词外的任何词； 2）感官动词类 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等 3）表示变化

3、：get, grow, become, turn, go等 4）表示状态延续：stay, keep, remain, stand等,基本句型 三 + +（主谓宾） 特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表 达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动 作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 这类动词叫做及物动词。 e.g. We like the movie. S,V,o,基本句型 四 + +InO +D（主谓间宾直宾） 特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完 整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直 接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常可改为 S +V+DO+prep.(to/for)+InO e.g. She ga

4、ve me an apple. =She gave an apple to me.,基本句型 五 + + +O（主谓宾宾补） 特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾 语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一 个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 判断原则：能表达成宾语 是/做 e.g. We made him the monitor. S,V,O,OC,1.Plants need water. S+V+O ( 主 + 谓+ 宾 ) 2.The flower is so nice. S +V +P (主 + 系 + 表) 3.The sun rises in the east. S +V (主 +

5、 谓 ) 4.He gives me some books. S +V +In O + DO (主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾) 5.We should keep the room clean. S+V +O +OC (主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补),Unit 4,Grammar,The Attributive Clause I,带定语从句的谚语： 3. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。,1.He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。,2.God helps

6、 those people who help themselves. 自助者天助之。,She is the girl who can speak English very well.,The Attributive clause 1定语从句,在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。,先行词,引导词,The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.,先行词,放置于名词之_，修饰名词的从句,关系词,连接作用,1.,3.,在从句中充当成分,后,The man,who lives next to us,who,2.指代先行词,关系词,关系代词：,关

7、系副词:,who/ whom (人） which （物） that/whose （人/ 物）,where/ when /why,1 The woman is a teacher. 2 The woman lives next door.,The woman who lives next door is a teacher.,1 The nurse is kind. 2 The nurse looks after my sister.,The nurse who/that looks after my sister is kind.,合并下列句子。,1 Kevin is reading a bo

8、ok. 2 The book is too difficult for him.,Kevin is reading a book which/that is too difficult for him.,1 I have a friend. 2 He likes listening to classical music.,I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music.,如何选定先行词？ 一、看先行词是人还是物 人 Who whom whose （谁的）that 物 which that 时间，地点，原因 when whe

9、re why 二、看关系词在从句中充当的成分 从句缺 主，宾，表，定 用关系代词 从句缺状语 用关系副词,关系代词的用法,人；物,物,人,人,(人/物)的,主语,宾语,主语,宾语,主语,宾语,宾语,定语,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,可省,不可省,The man _ is Liuxiang.,who ran fastest,Liuxiang is the man _.,who ran fastest,ran fastest,a boy， has a scar， forehead,Harry Porter is a boy _ _.,who has a scar on his forehe

10、ad,Xiao Shenyang is the man _.,whom we talked about just now,We,talk about,Just now,Which house is yours?,房顶是棕色的房子是我的。,The house is mine.,whose roof is brown,Changzhou is a city_.,Changzhou,a city,develop fast,which develops fast,Rose and Jack are the lovers _met on the ship.,the lovers / met on the

11、 ship,/ who,that,Rose,Jack,_,that,Translate the following sentences,There is a beautiful girl whose name is XiaoFang. Youd better learn from Chen, who keeps fighting no matter how many times he loses.,有一个美丽的小女孩，她的名字叫做小芳。 你要学学那个屡败屡战的陈小春。,先行词,关系词,连接作用,1.,3.,在从句中充当成分,2.指代先行词,修饰名词或代词的从句。,被定语从句修饰的词。,定语从句

12、,定义,关系词,关系代词：,关系副词:,who/ whom (人） which （物） that/whose （人/ 物）,where/ when /why,1.The man who/that came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl whom/that/who I met is Lucy. 3.He lives in the room whose door is green. 4.I like the book which/that you bought yesterday. 5.His parents wouldnt let him marry

13、 anyone whose family was poor.,判断关系词在定语从句中的成分：,主语,宾语,定语,宾语,定语,summary,定语从句关系代词：,whom,who,which,that,whose,When can they be left out？,在从句中作宾语时常常可省略关系词。,Correct the sentences:,1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.,2.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.,3.Im going to work in the hospital wh

14、ere needs me.,_,(去掉),to,_,(that/which),Which baby is Jack?,穿红裤子的baby是Jack。,whose trousers are red,Jack,whose =the + n. + of which,The baby,is Jack.,the trousers of whom are red,1 I know the house . 2 The houses window faces south.,I know the house whose window faces south. the window of which faces

15、south.,Exercise 1.Here are my neighbors_ home was destroyed by the earthquake. 2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people_ were asleep. 3.The next day people put up shelters in the open air made with anything _ they could find. 4.Several days later most of the buildings _ had been

16、 damaged were repaired.,who/that,whose,that/,which/that,如何选定先行词？ 一、看先行词是人还是物 人 Who whom whose that 物 which that whose 时间，地点，原因 when where why 二、看关系词在从句中充当的成分 从句缺 主，宾，表，定 用关系代词 从句缺状语 用关系副词,summary,定语从句关系代词：,whom,who,which,that,whose,When can they be left out？,在从句中作宾语时常常可省略关系词。,带定语从句的谚语： 3. He who doe

17、snt reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。,1.He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。,2.God helps those people who help themselves. 自助者天助之。,Which baby is Jack?,穿红裤子的baby是Jack。,whose trousers are red,Jack,whose =the + n. + of which/whom =of which/whom +the+n.,The baby,is Jack.,the trous

18、ers of whom are red,1 I know the doctor. 2 His daughter studies abroad.,I know the doctor whose daughter studies abroad. the daughter of whom studies abroad. of whom the daughter studies abroad.,一、that和which用法的区别,(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much ，no one , none等不定代词

19、时。,I am sure she has something _ you can borrow.,(2)先行词被the only ,the very,the last,just,all, every, no, some, any, little, few等修饰时。,Ive read all the books _ you lend me.,1、只能用that不用which的情况,(that),(that),(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,This is the first book _ he has read.,(that),It is the most beautiful city _

20、 Ive ever seen.,(that),(4)先行词既有人又有物时。,They talked about the men and the things they saw .,that,(6) 先行词做主语的表语时。 China isnt the country it used to be . (7)主句是There be 结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用that 。 There is a book that is Toms.,(5)先行词是who或which引导的主句。 Who is the girl _ drove the car?,(that),that,(1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句

21、中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）只用which。 There are many trees _ they can have a rest. This is the ring _ she spent 1000 dollars.,2、只用which不用that的情况,(2) 在非限制性定语从句中，用which。 Football, _ is a very popular game, is played all over the world. (3)句子已出现that 或先行词本身是that，为避免重复，用which。 The clock is that which tells the time .,u

22、nder which,on which,which,All _ we need is to be supplied with food and clothing. A. what B. that C. which D. whom 2.The man_talked to you just now is an engineer. A. who B. whose C. which D. what,Exercises:,3. The most important thing_ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said. A.

23、 which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that,1.He did all / everything _ he could to help me. 2.This is the very thing _ I am after. 3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school. 4.He is the only man _ can do the work. 5.This is the first thing _ I want to say. 6.H

24、e is the finest man _ I have ever worked with. 7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate. 8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.,把 that , which 或 who 填入下列空白处,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,二、只用who的情况,One _ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth. The ones _ laugh at the disabl

25、ed are not good students. Anyone _ fails to finish the task should be punished. Those _ want to go to The Great Wall sign up here.,who,who,who,who,先行词是one, ones, anyone, those时用who.,把that , which ,whose, whom or who 填入空格,9.Is there anything else _ you want to say? 10.Any person _ has the money can j

26、oin the group. 11.He often speaks the role he played in the play, _ made others upset. 12.He opened the door, in front of _ sat a boy. 13.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist. 14.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.,that,that,which,which,whom,whose,the same.as.表示同类不同物” the sa

27、me.that.表示同一个,就是那个,This is the same pen as I lost last week. 这同我上周丢失的那支钢笔一样。(但不是同一支) This is the same pen that I lost last week. 这就是我上周丢失的那支钢笔。（同一支钢笔）,such.as用于引导定语从句such.that 用于引导结果状语从句。,He is such a good teacher as we all respect. 他是一位我们大家都尊敬的好老师。 (as引导的是定语从句，as 在该定语从句中用作respect的宾语) He is such a g

28、ood teacher that we all respect him. 他是那样一位好老师,以致于我们大家都尊敬他。（that 引导的是结果状语从句，that在该状语从句中不充当句子成分）,Exercise 1.Here are my neighbors_ home was destroyed by the earthquake. 2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people_ were asleep. 3.The next day people put up shelters in the open air ma

29、de with anything _ they could find. 4.Several days later most of the buildings _ had been damaged were repaired,who/that,whose,that/,which/that,5.This frightened boy _ mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now . 6.We went to see our teacher _ husband lost his life in the earthquake . 7.

30、 “Is this the young man _ saved people trapped under buildings?” she asked. 8.A number of children _ parents had died in the quake were sent to live with families in other cities.,whose,whose,who/that,whose,三、“介词关系代词”即“介词whom / which” 1、介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素： A.与先行词的搭配关系 1）I will never forget the day _

31、I joined the army. 2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school. 3) I will never forget the year _ my son went to college.,on which,during which,in which,B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯 1）Have you found the book _ I paid 29 US dollars? 2) Have you found the book _ I spent 29 US dollars? 3) Have you found

32、the book _ we learnt a lot? 4) Have you found the book _ she often talks?,for which,on which,from which,about which,2. “介词whom/which”与 “whom/which/that/ 介词”的转换。 1.The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood. The chair (which/that) she is sitting on is made of wood. 2. Is this the book which yo

33、u are looking for? 注意：介词for不能与 look分开。,3. 表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介 词of, 有时可用whose转换。 1) Im painting a house, the roof _ is round.,Im painting a house _ is round.,2) They live in a house, _ windows face south.,They live in a house, the windows _ face south.,of which,whose,of which,whose roof,用介词关系代词填空 1.

34、 Hes the man _ I learnt the news. 2. Whos the person _ you just shook hands. 3. I know a lady the husband _ is a Nobel Prize winner. 4. This is the way _ she studies English. 5. The old man always wears his glasses _ _ he cant see anything. 6.The key_ she was opening the door broke. 7. No one know the reason _ she is leaving so early.,from whom,with whom,of whom,in which,without,which,with which,for which,带定语从句的谚语： 1. God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助之。 2. He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。 3. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a t