Translation course(14).ppt

1、,Lecture 14 Translation of Adverbial Clauses in English-Chinese Translation -Time; Place; Cause; Condition; Concession; Purpose;,I. Adverbial Clauses in English-Chinese Translation English adverbial clauses include adverbials of time, place, cause, condition, concession, purpose, result, and so on.

2、Generally speaking, these adverbial clauses do not pose any obstacles to either comprehending or translating, and the crux（关键）is how to make the translation conform to Chinese usage, namely, how to arrange them properly. Another point for attention is how to deal with the redundant conjunctives when

3、 English adverbial clauses are translated into Chinese. And here are some instances: When I review these past few years, it seems in many ways that I have lived a lifetime since I acquired cancer. (adverbial clause of time ) 回顾我得癌症后这几年，从许多方面来看，我似乎已经活了一辈子。,Although I had to restrict the size of my pr

4、actice, I felt a closer empathy with my patients. ( adverbial clause of concession ) 虽然我不得不限制自己的医务工作量，但我感到与病人更加心灵沟通。 If one realizes that our time on this earth is but a tiny fraction of that within the cosmos, then life calculated in years may not be as important as we think. (adverbial clause of c

5、ondition ) 倘若人们意识到人的一生只不过是宇宙的时间长河中转瞬即逝的一刹那，那么以岁月计算的生命就不会像我们所想象的那样重要了。 When life is dependent on such an unreliable function as the beating of the heart, then it is fragile indeed. ( adverbial clause of condition ) 要是生命依赖于心跳这样一种不可靠的功能，它的确脆弱不堪。,1. Translation of Adverbial Clauses of Time 1) Translatin

6、g into Corresponding Chinese Adverbial Clauses When translated into Chinese, English adverbial clauses of time usually stand at the beginning of a sentence. Sometimes, they may also be translated by using such a Chinese pattern as“一就”. While she spoke, the tears were running down. 她说话时，泪水直流。 Pease t

7、urn off the light when you leave the room. 离屋时请关电灯。 He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it. 他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。,2) Translating into Chinese Compound Sentences of Parallel Structure She sang as she prepared the experiment. 她一边唱着歌，一边准备实验。 They set him free when his ransom had no

8、t yet been paid. 他还没有交赎金，他们就把他释放了。 I was about to speak, when Mr. Smith cut in. 我正在讲，史密斯先生就插嘴了。 3) Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Condition Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. 如果机器发生故障，就把电门关上。 A body at rest will not move till a force is exerted on it. 若无外力作

9、用，静止的物体则不会移动。,2. Translation of Adverbial Clauses of Place Make a mark where you have any doubts or question. 在有疑问的地方做个记号。 The materials are excellent for use where the value of the workpieces is not high. 如果零件价值不高，使用这些材料是最好不过的了。 Where water resources are plentiful, hydroelectric power stations are

10、being built in large numbers. 只要哪里水源充足，就在哪里修建大批地水电站。 3. Translation of Adverbial Clauses of Cause 1) Translating into Corresponding Chinese Clauses of Cause Chinese adverbial clauses of cause usually being with “因”，“由于”，and so on. The crops failed because the season was dry. 因气候干燥，作物歉收。 As the moons

11、 gravity is only about 1/6 of the gravity of the earth, a 200 pounds man weighs only 33 pounds on the moon. 因为月球的引力只有地球引力的六分之一，所以一个体重200磅的人在月球上仅重33磅。,2) Translating into Chinese Principal Clauses Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion. 他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。 Pure

12、iron is not used in industry because it is too soft. 纯铁太软，所以不用在工业上。 Since information is continuously sent into the system as it becomes available, Tele-text is always kept up-to-date. 新获得的资料不断地输 入，所以电传文本总能保持最新信息。 4. Translation of Adverbial Clauses of Condition 1) Translating into Chinese Adverbial

13、 Clauses of Condition, or Clauses of Supposition If something has the ability adjust itself to the environment, we say it has intelligence. 如果某物具有适应环境的能力，我们就说它具有智力。 Granted that this is true, what conclusion can you draw? 假设这是实际情况，你又能得出什么结论呢？,Should there be urgent situation, press the red button to

14、 switch off the electricity. 万一有紧急情况，请按红色按钮以切断电源。 2) Translating into Chinese Supplementary Clauses You can drive tonight if you are ready. 你今晚就可以出车，如果你愿意的话。 Any body above the earth will fall unless it is supported by an upward force equal to its weight. 地球上任何物体都会落下来，除非它受到一个大小与其质量相等的力的支持。,5. Transl

15、aton of Adverbial Clauses of Concession There are two basic ways of translating English Adverbial Clauses of Concession: 1) Translating into Corresponding Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Concession While this is true of some, it is not true of all. 虽然有一部分是真的，但不见得全部都是如此。 I still think that you made a mi

16、stake while I admit what you say. 就算我承认你所说的那番话，但我还是认为你犯了个错误。 2) Translating into Chinese “Unconditional” Clauses Such as “不管”、“不论”，etc. All living things, whether they are animals or plants, are made up of cells. 一切生物，不管是动物还是植物，都是由细胞组成的。 They were determined to carry out their plan no matter what ob

17、stacles they would have to face. 他们决心坚持执行计划，不论他们将面临什么样的障碍。,6. Adverbial Clauses of Purpose Adverbial clauses of purpose, when translated into Chinese, may either be placed before or after the principal clauses of the sentence. We should start early so that we might get there before noon. 为了正午赶到那里，我们

18、应当早点动身。(我们应当早点动身，以便能在正午赶到那里。) Steel parts are usually covered with grease for fear that they should rust. 钢制零件通常涂上润滑油，以防生锈。(为了防锈，钢制零件通常需涂上润滑油。) A rocked must attain a speed of about five miles per second so that it may put a satellite in orbit. 火箭必须获得每秒大约5英里的速度，以便把卫星送入轨道。( 为了能把卫星送入轨道，火箭必须获得每秒大约5英里的速

19、度。),Practice Exercise Put the following sentences into Chinese, paying attention to the adverbial clauses. 1. When Zhou Enlais door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. 2. Inexpressible was the astonish

20、ment of the little party when they returned to find that Mr. Pickwick had disappeared. 3. When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other. 4. It had bee

21、n a fine, golden autumn, a lovely farewell to those who would lose their youth, and some of them their lives, before the leaves turned again in a peacetime fall.,5. The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely i

22、ts political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely contested. 6. Aluminum remained unknown until the 19th century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which i

23、t has a strong affinity（亲和力）. 7. Marjorie has been raised by a scheming（老谋深算的）aunt who has been planning to find a millionaire and marry her off. So when at 17, she felt in love with a poor medicinal student, the aunt promptly arranged to take her niece abroad. In the 90s that was still standard technique. 8. It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it. It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land, which were not sile