本教材共分三部分.ppt

1、前言 本教材共分三部分，现将Part A部分 编辑成电子教案，以便教师和同学讲课和学习。并对其中的句型和词组多以双语进行讲解。通过学习，能使学生不仅较全面的掌握计算机专业方面的知识，同时又能提高英文的基本知识和阅读方法,unit one: Information SystemsI:unit1-51.ppt Unit Two :Human-Computer Interfaces2.ppt Unit three: Operating systems3.ppt Unite four: Database Introduction4.ppt Unit five:System Analysis and D

2、esign5.ppt Unit six: Programming Language.unit6-10unit6.ppt Unit seven: The Java Language.unit6-10unit 7.doc,Unit Eight:Software Engineering.unit6-10unit8.ppt Unit Nine: A Software Development.unit6-10unit9.ppt Unit Ten: Computer Network.unit6-10unit10.ppt Unit Eleven:Internet Basic.unit11-15unit11.

3、ppt Unit twelve: COMPUTER VIRUSES.unit11-15unit12.ppt Unit Thirteen: Bridges，Routers，and Gateways.unit11-15unit13.ppt Unit Fourteen : Network Applications.unit11-15unit14.ppt Unit Fifteen: What is AI.unit11-15unit15.ppt,unit one,Information Systems,Information Systems,An information system has five

4、parts：people，procedures，software，hardware，and data. When you think of a microcomputer，perhaps you think of just the equipment itself. That is，you think of the monitor or the keyboard. There is more to it than that. The way to think about a microcomputer is as part of an information system. An inform

5、ation system has five parts： people，procedures，software，hardware，and data （1）People：It is easy to overlook people as one of the five parts of a microcomputer system. Yet that is what microcomputers are all aboutmaking people，and users like yourself，more productive.,Unite 1,（2）Procedures：Procedures a

6、re rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software，hardware，and data. Typically，these procedures are documented in the manuals in manufactures which provide with their products. （3）Software：Software is another name for a program. A program consists of the step-by-step instructions that

7、tell the computer how to do its work. The purpose of software is to convert data（unprocessed facts）into information（processed facts）. （4）Hardware：The hardware consists of the equipment：keyboard，mouse，monitor，system unit，and other devices. It actually processes the data to create information.,（5）Data

8、：Data consists of the raw，unprocessed fact，including text，numbers，images，and sounds. Examples of raw facts are the hours you work and your pay rate. After data is processed through the computer，it is usually called information. An example of such information is the total wages owed you for a weeks w

9、ork. In large computer systems，there are specialists who deal with writing procedures，developing software，and capturing data. In microcomputer systems，however，end users often perform these operations. To be a competent end user，you must understand the essentials of information technology（IT），includi

10、ng software，hardware，and data. Although easy to overlook，people are surely the most important part of any information system.,Our lives are touched every day by computers and information systems. Many times the contact is direct and obvious such as when we create documents using a word processing pr

11、ogram or when we connect to the internet. Other times，the contact is not as obvious. Nonetheless，computers and information systems touch our lives hundreds of times every day. Consider just the following four examples. （1）Software. Software is of two kinds：system software and application software. S

12、oftware，as we mentioned，is another name for programs. Programs are the instructions that tell the computer how to process data into the form you want. In most cases，the words software and programs are interchangeable.,There are two major kinds of software-systems software and application software. Y

13、ou can think of application software as the kind you use. Think of system software as the kind the computer uses. （2）System software. The user interacts with application software. System software enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware. System software is“background”s

14、oftware that helps the computer manage its own internal resources. The most important system software program is the operating system，which interacts with the application software and the computer. The operating system handles such details as running （“executing”） programs，storing data and programs，

15、and processing data. Windows 2000 is one of the best-known operating systems for todays microcomputer users.,（3）Application software. Application software might be descried as“end-user”software. Application software performs useful work on general-purpose tasks such as work processing and data analy

16、sis. There are certain general-purpose programs or basic applications. These programs are widely used in nearly all career areas. They are the kind of programs you have to know to be considered computer competent. One of these basic applications is a browser to navigate，explore，and find information

17、on the internet. The two most widely used browsers are Microsofts Internet Explorer and Netscapes Navigator. There are many other applications that are more specialized and widely used within certain career areas.,They are the kind of programs you should know to be truly computer competent in the fu

18、ture. One of the most exciting applications is multimedia，which allows users to integrate video，music，voice，and graphics to create interactive presentations. （4）Hardware. Hardware for a microcomputer system consists of a variety of different devices. This physical equipment falls into basic categori

19、es： system unit，input/output，secondary storage，and communication devices. System unit：The system unit is electronic circuitry housed within the computer cabinet. Two important components of the system unit are the microprocessor and memory. The microprocessor controls and manipulates data to produce

20、 information.,Memory，also known as primary storage or random access memory（RAM），holds data and program instructions for processing the data. It also holds the processed information before it is output. Memory is sometimes referred to as temporary storage because its contents will typically be lost i

21、f the electrical power to the computer is disrupted. Input/output devices：Input devices translate data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process. The most common input devices are the keyboard and the mouse. Output devices translate the processed information f

22、rom the computer into a form that humans can understand. The most common output devices are monitors and printers., Secondary storage devices：Unlike memory，secondary storage devices hold data and programs even after electrical power to the computer system has been turned off. The most important kind

23、s of secondary media are floppy，hard，and optical disks. Floppy disks are widely used to store and transport data from one computer to another. They are called floppy because data is stored on a very thin flexible，or floppy，plastic disk. Hard disks are typically used to store programs and very large

24、data files. Using a rigid metallic platter，hard disks have a much greater capacity and are able to access information much faster than floppy disks. Optical disks use laser technology and have the greatest capacity. The two basic types of optical disks are compact discs（CDS）and digital versatile（or video）discs（DVDs）., Communications devices：Communications hardware sends and re