11外语论文.ppt

1、ABSTRACT,Parts,1.Title 2. Abstract 3. Introduction 4. Literature Review 5. Theoretical Framework 6. Method 7. Results & Discussion 8. Conclusion 9. Notes & Reference / Bibliography 10. Appendix 11. Acknowledgement,1. Definition 2. Structure Elements 3. Language 4. Key words,Definition,An abstract is

2、 a condensed version of a full research paper. An abstract is a very concise statement of the major elements of your research project. Usually it is written after the study/research is completed but this is not always the case.,Speaking and Writing in the University: A Multidimensional Comparison,(1

3、)The dozens of studies on academic discourse carried out over the past 20 years have mostly focused on written academic prose (usually the technical research article in science or medicine) or on academic lectures. (2) Other registers that may be more important for students adjusting to university l

4、ife, such as textbooks, have received surprisingly little attention, and spoken registers such as study groups or on-campus service encounters have been virtually ignored.,(3) To explain more fully the nature of the tasks that incoming international students encounter, this article undertakes a comp

5、rehensive linguistic description of the range of spoken and written registers at U.S. universities. (4) Specifically, the article describes a multidimensional analysis of register variation in the TOEFL 2000 Spoken and Written Academic Language Corpus. (5) The analysis shows that spoken registers ar

6、e fundamentally different from written ones in university contexts, regardless of purpose.,(6) Some of the register characterizations are particularly surprising. (7) For example, classroom teaching was similar to conversational registers in many respects, and departmental brochures and Web pages we

7、re as informationally dense as textbooks. (8) The article discusses the implications of these findings for pedagogy and further research.,Question: What information is included in this abstract?,Questions on the abstract. 1. What is the subject matter/area the research paper in dealing with? 2. What

8、 background information is provided by the author? 3. What is the purpose of the present study? 4. How is the research to be done? 5. What are some of the important findings? 6. What are some of the implications of the study?,Elements of Structure,1. Topic Specification (TS) 2. Background Informatio

9、n (BI) 3. Purpose Statement (PS) 4. Methodology and Data (MD) 5. Results / Findings (RF) 6. Implications / Conclusions (IC) Refer to the above abstract again and find out whether it includes the six elements.,Question: Do we have to present all the SIX elements in every abstract? Some elements are o

10、bligatory and some are optional. Usually elements 1,2,3,4 are obligatory.,Language,have focused on , have received studies show, analysis show have been ignored, registers have been ignore, been barely touched, have received little attention paper aims to, the purpose of paperundertakes/describes/di

11、scusses,Proofreading: Read the following abstract and find out if it includes any information that should not been put in the abstract while which element(s) is missing.,On Textual Equivalence of English-Chinese Translation in the Light of Theme/Rheme Theory,(1)Translations “refer to the process and

12、 result of transferring a text from the source language into the target language. ” (2) One of the issues of translation is the format of equivalence. (3) This light on textual equivalence is based on Hallidays theme/rheme theory. (4) This paper consists of five parts. (5) Part one introduces (6) Pa

13、rt two, the paper lists many examples (7) Part three, based on , the paper tries to (8) Part four (9) Part five is the conclusion,(10) Through the theoretical view and the empirical analysis, this paper tries to assert that in translation, at the text level, no exact equivalence can always be found.

14、 (11) A translators task is to transfer one language into another in a more appropriate format in the target language, on condition that the information and the style of the source language are maintained and well received by audience of the target language.,What is a Key word?,A keyword is a word or phrase that describes the main concepts of