爱伦坡_乌鸦_Edgar_Allen_Poe_and_The_Raven.ppt

1、Edgar Allen Poe坡 (18091849),E.A. Poe (18091849),Poes mother,Important Points,1. Poes major works. 2. Poes literary characteristics and achievements,Introduction,a miserable childhood,was adopted by John Allan,an unhappy relationship,entered the University but didnt finish went to West Point but was

2、dismissed,at 27 he married his 13-year-old cousin,her death in 1847 left him a bitterer life,died in mysterious circumstances, in 1849,Introduction,a villain with no virtue,an evil genius,Emerson: the jingle man,Whitman: “its narrow range and unhealthy, lurid quality” (不丰富的选材和不健康、可怕的质量),He was under

3、stood by critics and other writers in America.,Introduction,Poe enjoyed respect and welcome in Europe,His reputation was first made in France,Today, his works are read with appreciation and understanding.,Poes influence was considerable in Spain, Italy, Germany and Russia.,Introduction,Shaws evaluat

4、ion of Poes achievement,a critic, a poet， a short story writer,the greatest journalistic critic of his time,his poetry is “exquisitely refined“(精致优雅),his tales are complete works of art,a great writer of fiction, a poet of the first rank, and a critic of insight,Poes Major Literary Works,1) “The Rav

5、en” 乌鸦,poems,2) “Annable Lee” 安娜贝尔李,3) “The Sleeper” 睡梦人,4) “A Dream Within a Dream” 梦中梦,5) “SonnetTo Science” 十四行诗致科学,6) “To Helen” 致海伦,7) “The City in the Sea” 海中的城市earlier entitled The Doomed City 衰败的城市,Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque 述异集,a collection of short stories,tales,two kinds,Horror,

6、Ratiocination（推理）,“The Murders in the Rue Morgue” 莫格街谋杀案,“The Gold Bug”金甲虫,“The Black Cat” 黑猫,“The Cask of Amontillado” （红色死亡假面舞会）,“Ligeia”莉盖亚,“The Fall of the House of Usher”,“The Purloined Letter”被窃的信件,“The Mystery of Marie Roget” 玛丽罗杰谜案,works,The Philosophy of Composition 创作原理 The Poetic Principl

7、e 诗歌原则,Literary theory,Themes,1. death predominant theme,2. horror,“Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poes writings is dead.”,3.negative thoughts of science,Poes theory for poetry,poems,short but achieve maximum effect,produce a feeling of beauty in the reader,pure“, not to mora

8、lize,He stresses rhythm,insists on an even(规则的) metrical flow,真实能够满足人的理智,感情能够满足人的心灵, 而美则能激动人的灵魂,Poes theory for short story,Short story should be of brevity, totality, single effect, compression(压缩) and finality.,Poes achievement,1. His aesthetics, his call for the rhythmical creation of beauty have

9、 influenced French symbolists and the devotees of art for arts sake. 2. He is the father of psychoanalytic(心理分析的) criticism. 3. He is the father of the detective story.,The analysis of some imagesin The Raven,Edgar Allan Poe,The raven and the demon,Backgrounds of The Raven,Virginia ,Poes wife ,died

10、of tuberculosis at only 24.Poe wrote this poem during her illness of TB when he felt she would die someday because TB ,at that time ,was a incurable disease. Professor David Rein considered the beautiful Sarah Elmira Royster ,Poes neighbor, was the prototype of the Lenore .They loved each other when

11、 Poe was young ,but Sarahs father opposed them ,so they were pitifully taken apart .And thats the lost beauty .Maybe its the reason why Poe ghastly scared his friends or we can say his wife would leave.,Key points of The Raven,1)It took Poe four years to complete this poem. It was first published in

12、 1845 and revised several times in later editions. 2)Poe cited this poem as an example in “The Philosophy of Composition” to show how a poem should be composed. This poem corresponds to Poes basic principles of poetry writing. 3)It is an elegy, expressing the sorrow or grief over somebodys sudden de

13、ath.,4)It is not long, 108 lines, readable at one sitting. 5)The poetic theme is the lamentation over the death of a beautiful woman. 6)The general tone of the poem is melancholy. 7)It reads very rhythmical, with different varieties of rhymes.,8)The poem is composed of 18 six-line stanzas, the first

14、 five lines being trochaic octameter, and the sixth line a trochaic tetrameter. 9)The repetition of the / / sound at the end of different rhymes and the refrain (lines repeated at the end of stanzas or a poem for expressive effect), “nevermore”, suggest mourning and grief. 10)The rhyming scheme of t

15、he poem is abcbbb,Some Important Images,Can you tell us some poems related to the raven ?(in Chinese) And what do you think the image-raven shows us?,乌鸦诗,秋思 马致远 枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家。 古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。 秋思 白朴 孤村落日残霞,轻烟老树寒鸦一点飞虹影下,青山绿水,白草红叶黄花。,Meaning changing,Actually before Tang dynasty the raven had a mea

16、ning of luck and people thought they were prophets, but after Tang the raven has become an ill-omen symbolizing loneliness ,mystery ,sadness and even death which is similar to the image in The Raven.,乌鸦在中国传统文化中的形象： 在唐代以前，乌鸦在中国民俗文化中是有吉祥和预言作用的神鸟，有“乌鸦报喜，始有周兴”的历史常识传说，汉董仲舒在春秋繁露同类相动中引尚书传：“周将兴时，有大赤乌衔谷之种而集王

17、屋之上，武王喜，诸大夫皆喜。” 古代史籍淮南子左传史记也均有名篇记载。 唐代以后，方有乌鸦主凶兆的学说出现，唐段成式酉阳杂俎：“乌鸣地上无好音。人临行，乌鸣而前行，多喜。此旧占所不载。” 无论是凶是吉，“乌鸦反哺，羔羊跪乳”是儒家以自然界的的动物形象来教化人们“孝”和“礼”的一贯说法，因此乌鸦的“孝鸟”形象是几千年来一脉相传的。本草纲目禽慈鸟中称：“此乌初生，母哺六十日，长则反哺六十日，可谓慈孝矣。”但乌鸦是否真的具有这种习性，还有待现代人的研究和观察证实。,The raven,Raven: a kind of ominous bird that symbolizes death With w

18、hole black feathers ,the raven ,almost in silence except saying one word-nevermore, seemed to be a grim ghost from the Nights Plutonian shore ,The unlucky bird made the speaker scarcely worried that his friends would leave him again and his hopes would break .It also beguiled him into an illusion of

19、 forgetting pain ,but eventually the raven like a demon caused the speakers soul lifted-nevermore. the Nights Plutonian shore: 黑夜中的的冥界的冥界海岸,Why did Poe used a non-human creature to utter the word?,Firstly ,the human could answer the question reasonably .Thats impossible to clasp a lost beauty ,Secon

20、dly ,the painful dialogue between the speaker and the raven shows us his endless suffering.,The bust of Pallas,The bust of Pallas was Athena-the symbol of wisdom.智慧女神雅典娜 And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting ;On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door; The ra

21、ven sat on the bust ,and its shadow covered the bust of Pallas and my soul ,which shows there was no way for me to revive because even the wise Pallas was shrouded in shadow.,The chamber door,The door always stands for impediment or boundary .Here it also refers to obstacles .On one hand ,the speake

22、r dreamed to clasp his Lenore in the mortal life ;on the other hand , the Aidenn the lost beauty lived was too distant to get to ,so theres no possibility for him to realize his dream. Thats to say the chamber door like a thick wall divided the two lovers into respective worlds .,Imaginary images,Th

23、en, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer Swung by angels whose faint foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor. “Wretch,” I cried, “thy God hath lent thee-by these angels he hath sent thee Respite-respite and Nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore! Let me quaff this kind Nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!” Quoth the raven, “Nevermore. ” Nepenthe希腊神话中的忘忧药。后泛指一切是人忘记忧愁的东西 ；censer香炉 Respite 暂时的休息(或喘息);(痛苦的)缓