翻译技巧——褒贬译法.ppt

1、第三周英译汉讲义,Part I：翻译技巧褒贬译法 Commendation or tend to show a hostile, or critical attitude to sb., etc.),die / 死,neutrality: 死亡、过世、亡故、身故、去世、殉难、 疾终、故去、没了、老了、不在、作古、长逝、永别、 夭折、阵亡、中殇、 commendation: 牺牲、就义、舍身、献身、捐躯、 殉职、殉国、殉节、仙游、仙逝、 千古、马革裹尸、 肝脑涂地、杀身成仁、舍生取义、玉殒香消、倩女离 魂， derogation: 挺腿、完蛋、毙命、横死、暴毙、 暴卒、凶死、丧命、命丧黄泉、一命

2、呜呼、死于非命、 登鬼录、玩儿完,翻译要点：,在翻译中要注意： a)原文措词本身的语义特征; b) 作者的写作手法/风格； c）作者的表达意图； d）原文所描写的人物关系及人物说话的语用意图，等等。,Cases Discussion,王东得到了丽婵的欢心。 Wang Dong got /grabbed / obtained / Li Chans heart / favor/love. 王东搏得了丽婵的欢心。 Wang Dong won / succeeded in achieving Li Chans heart / favor/love. 王东骗取了丽婵的欢心。 Wang Dong dece

3、ived / stole away Li Chans heart / favor/ love.,If the government listens to the minor grumbling and whining of the unemployed, it surely should be responsive to the plight of the affluent. (if someone is responsive, they react quickly and favorably) 如果政府听取了少数失业者抱怨和牢骚的声音，那么陷于苦境的富裕人士定会有更加热烈的反应。 点评：1）

4、你们注意到了responsive一词的语义特征，很好，不过还要注意选词的褒贬色彩与运用，如“热烈的”，属于褒义，倾向于指欢迎或支持某个提议，此处宜译为“强烈的反应”（表不满）；2）其次是翻译时应注意把握作者的写作风格口吻：“陷于苦境的富裕人士”不是很贴切，富人纳税幅度低一点还不至于“陷于苦境”，原文plight一词表达作者对富人的一种调侃讽刺口吻。下文就提到“辩解的讽刺”。故可以用双引号括起来保留原来的词义；3）minor 似乎不是“少数”之意。 修订：若政府连失业者们那些无关紧要的抱怨和牢骚都能听取，当然会更积极地关注富裕人士所身陷的“苦境”。,褒贬译法的几种情况,褒贬译法之一：褒 一、英语

5、中有些词有明显的褒义特征，翻译时应译出褒义特征，包括整句中与此相关的单位：,褒贬译法之一：褒,例1）He was a man of renown.（fame） 他是位有名望的人士。（他是个的人） 例2） He tasks carried out by them are praiseworthy. 他们进行的事业是值得赞扬的。 例3）“He was polite and always advise willingly”, she recalled. 她会说，“他彬彬有礼，总是诲人不倦。”,褒贬译法之一：褒,Zhao Zhongxiang is a well-known T.V. program

6、moderator in China, particularly noted for being interpreter of The Animal World. 赵忠祥是中国赫赫有名的电视节目主持人，尤其以解说“动物世界”节目为人称道。,褒贬译法之一：褒,他们在积极巩固战果。 The were actively consolidating their victorious gains. (sometimes referring to things grabbed/captured) The were actively consolidating their victories.,褒贬译法之二

7、：贬,二、英语中有些词有明显的贬义特征，翻译时应译出贬义特征，也包括整句中与此相关的语言单位：,褒贬译法之二：贬,His notoriety as rake did not come until his death. 他作为流氓的恶名是他死后才传开来。 修订：他的流氓行径在他死后才广为人知。 Henry keeps boasting that he has talked to the President. 亨利总是吹嘘说他曾同总统谈过话。,褒贬译法之三：中性词转褒或贬,三、英语中有些词有些词具有中性语义特征，翻译时在一定上下文中宜译出褒义或贬义特征，同样也包括整句中与此相关的语言单位：,褒贬译

8、法之三：中性词转褒或贬,He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation. I believe the reputation was not deserved. 他是位诚实正直的人，但不幸传有某种坏名声。我认为他不该有这个坏名声。 Then，just as Chinese friends arrived who might secure my journey, the Russian arrested me as a “spy”and sent me out through Poland. 后来，就

9、在那些可能为我安排旅行的中国朋友到达的时候，我国人把我当作“间谍”逮捕，并把我驱逐出境，取道波兰。,褒贬译法之三：中性词转褒或贬,He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds. 他欺骗了我，并且使我成了他的罪恶勾当的工具。 As a demanding boss, he expected total royalty and dedication from his employees. 他是个苛刻的老板，要求手下员工对他忠心耿耿，鞠躬尽瘁。,褒贬译法之三：中性词转褒或贬,Those who do not remember t

10、he past are condemned to relive it. 凡是忘记过去的人，注定要重蹈覆辙。,中性词义转译贬义表现人物语气,Wife: “Im afraid that you may invite the rats from all over the world to gnaw your bone.” 妻子说：“恐怕你会把全世界的老鼠引来啃你的骨头。” 老伴说：“就怕你会把全世界的老鼠招来啃你那把老骨头。”,Practice: Translate the following pair of English sentences into Chinese with the above

11、 said points involving commendation and derogation,1a) It was mid-August and the subject of discussion of the Allies was the future of Rommel and his Africa Corps. 1b) They predicted that the youth would have a bright future. 2a) John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well. 2b) Bill w

12、as an aggressive man and had very few friends. 3a) Hans was too obviously flattering the manager by saying he was the most responsible person he had ever seen. 3b) Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture.,Theoretical Notions,翻译的心理过程中译者的思维特征 形象思维（包括性格特征等）

13、 + 情景思维 + 情感思维 表达上的语言重构,人物的性格特征关联性思维,“But oh, Mr. Osborne, what a difference eighteen months experience makes. ” (Thackeray: Vanity Fair) (background information: An impulsive or headstrong girl is moderated a lot. ) 奥斯本先生，你不知道这一年半里我学了多少乖。 （杨必译） “不过，奥斯本先生，你可知道我这一年半里学乖了多少喔。”,人物+情景+关系特征思维,She is just

14、as rich as most of the girls who come out to India. I might go farther and fare worse, egad! (fare: proceed; get on； egad（s）：oh God的委婉语：天哪！哦哊！) 跟那些出国到印度去的女孩子比一比，她不见得穷到哪儿去。说不定我左等右等，反而挑着个不如她的。（杨必译）,人物情景+关系特征思维,“By Jove，she has taste! ” exclaimed Henry Lynn. (Jane Eyre) (背景信息：指由男主人公 罗切斯特化装的算命的老太婆不给男子算命

15、，只给年轻姑娘算命） “嗬，她还挑肥捡瘦呢！”亨利 利恩嚷道。（祝庆英译）,情景+情感+逻辑+语言重构,Consequently Mr. Micawber was soon so overcome, that he mingled his tears with hers and mine; (Dickens:David Copperfield) ?结果，密考伯先生不久就伤感的把他的眼泪同她的和我的混合起来了；(董秋斯译） 结果是，一会儿密考伯先生也受不住了，和她和我，眼泪对流起来; (张谷若译） 修订：结果是，一会儿密考伯先生也忍受不住了，和她和我一起，眼泪对流起来; ,情景再现+语篇连贯,O

16、ne evening, I had just arrived at my home airport and was waiting outside in the twilight for my wife to pick me up. I watched two young businessmen with mounting fascination. Each spoke on independent cell-phones with great energy and at enormous length to somebody somewhere (but not, I think, to each other). As they did so, they walked without ceasing in circles, round and round, first one way then another, making figure eights one minute, zeroes the nest, threes and sixes, twos and 20s. It seam