语法填空-时态语态

1、,时态和语态是高考语法填空中的必考点，每年必考。究竟考些什么内容？现将考点简述如下： 1. 时态。时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。英语中常用的时态有16种，但高考考试说明中规定要掌握的有十种：,考点解密,注：(1)表示将来还有多种形式，如：“be going to +动词原形”“be to+动词原形”“ be about to+动词原形”等。在飞机、火车等时刻表中规定的事情，或在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来；表示计划好的活动，还常用现在进行时表示。 (2)现在进行时与always，continu

2、ally，constantly等连用，表示说话人的某种情感，如赞扬，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。如： He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。(赞扬),2. 语态。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，不同时态的被动语态的形式由be来体现，如一般过去时的被动语态就是“was/were+过去分词”，一般将来时的被动语态就是“will be +过去分词”。,在高考英语语法填空中，一般有一空是考查谓语动词的时态，同时有一空是考查非谓语动词，因此，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语

3、动词；若是谓语动词，一是根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是用被动语态，二是根据具体的语境来判断用哪一种时态，进而确定所填动词的形式。,解题技巧,例1：This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention. (广东),实例剖析,分析：因句中Being too anxious to help an event de

4、velop是动名词短语作主语，括号中的result应当为谓语动词；主语与谓语动词是主动关系，再说短语动词result in本身是不能用于被动语态的，故用主动语态；根据语境，这段话是拔苗助长这个成语故事所说明的道理，“我们必须让事物沿着它们的自然进程发展。太着急帮助一件事物发展，结果往往和我们的意图相反（欲速则不达）。”这是客观真理，应当用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填results。,例2：The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ (place) under the Ministers car.

5、 (广东),分析：替代the box的关系代词which在定语从句中作主语，place应当为谓语动词；因主语which (the box)与place (放置)是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因place这个动作发生在was caught这个动作之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been placed。,时态语态,一、考点分析 谓语动词的时态语态在全国卷高考中是每年必考点，我们必须重视。虽然考试说明中的列了十种时态，但常考的只是一般现在时和一般过去时。,1.一般现在时。 Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40

6、 (result) in the contrary to our intention. 解析句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语，result应是谓语动词，应当考虑的是它的时态；“急于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填results。,results,2.一般过去时。 After a four-day journey, the young man 33 (present) the water to the old man.,解析句中the young man是主语，

7、其后的present应是谓语动词，由语境可知，用一般过去时。,presented,3.固定句式中的时态。 I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote village.,解析 在when后面的句子中，my car是主语，break应为谓语动词；由全文可知这是叙述过去的经历，用一般过去式；再说was/were doingwhen did是一个固定句型，when后面的句子的谓语用一般过去时，表示“正在做某事，就在这个时候发生了另一事”。

8、,broke,4.一般过去时的被动语态。 Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane 40 (inform).,解析 Jane是主语，其后的inform应是谓语动词；因Jane与inform是被动关系，又是一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。,was informed,二、真题演练 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.people stepped on your feet or 34 (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead

9、to get to a bargain. (2009年广东),1. pushed 与stepped并列，也用一般过去时。,pushed,2. Is everyone here? Not yet. Look, there _ (come) the rest of our guests!,2. come。由于以here和there开头引出的倒装句通常只用于一般时态，又因为句子主语the rest of our guest为复数，故填come。,come,3. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ (

10、wear) evening dress. (2010全国卷II),3. wears。根据句意，此处谈的是一般情况，要用一般现在时；由于one of the women前有only修饰，说明其后的定语从句是修饰one的，而不是修饰women的，所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数；故填wears。,wears,4. Every few years, the coal workers _(have) their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. (上海卷),4. have。根据句中的every few years(每隔几年) 可知，动作带有经常性和规律性，故用

11、一般现在时。,have,5. The church tower which _ (restore) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. (上海卷),5. is being restored。根据句中的will be open to tourists soon(不久将对游客开放) 以及 The work is almost finished(工程差不多快结束了) 可知，the church tower的修复工程还正在进行，故用现在进行时的被动语态。,is being restored,6. The book ha

12、s been translated into thirty languages since it _(come) on the market in 1973. (重庆卷),6. came。主句用现在完成时，since引导的从句用一般过去时。,came,7. When you are home, give a call to let me know you _ (arrive) safely. (2010全国卷I),7. have arrived。根据常识，说话人应该是叫对方“已经”到家后才打电话报平安，故选现在完成时。,have arrived,8. Up to now, the progra

13、m _ (save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died. (山东卷),8. has saved。短语up to now的意思是“到现在为止”，指从过去某时开始持续到现在的一段时间，通常与现在完成时连用。,has saved,9. For many years, people _ (dream) of electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. (浙江卷),9. have dreamed。根据句意和句中的时态has be

14、en，以有for many years(多年来) 可知，要用现在完成时。,have dreamed,10. 一When shall we restart our business? 一Not until we _ our plan. (四川卷),10. have finished。再根据句意和常识可知，人们通常是先制定计划，然后付诸实施，故空格处填现在完成时比较符合句子语境。,have finished,11. Im not finished with my dinner yet. But our friends _ (wait) for us. (北京卷),11. are waiting。对

15、话的意思是：“我还有没吃完饭。”“但是我们的朋友在等我们了。”,are waiting,12. I walked slowly through the market, where people _(sell) all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. (湖南卷),12. were selling。根据常识，在“我慢慢走过市场时”，在市场那里有各种蔬菜水果在卖，“我”才会“仔细研究其价格”“买下需要的东西”。,were selling,13. Were

16、you surprised by the ending of the film? No, I _(read) the book, so I already knew the story. (2010安徽卷),13. had read。由语境可知，“看这本书”应该是在“看电影”之前，故用过去完成时。,had read,14. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _ (do) for me. (北京卷),14. had done。句中do的动作应发生took之前，故用过去完成时。,had do

17、ne,15. I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone _(do) it. Was it you? (湖南卷),15. had done。根据句意可知，“有人给玫瑰剪枝”发生在“我去给玫瑰剪枝”之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。,had done,16. Im tired out. I _ (shop) all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything. (2010湖南卷),16. have been shopping。因为“很累”是因为“整个下午一直在购物”导致的，

18、又由dont seem可知，现在仍在购物，故用现在完成进行时。,have been shopping,17. I have to see the doctor because I _ (cough) a lot lately. (2010陕西卷),17. have been coughing。根据句中“不得不要去看医生”这一信息可知，“咳嗽”这一现象现在还在持续，用现在完成进行时。,have been coughing,18. This coastal area _ (name) a national wildlife reserve last year. (湖南卷),18. was name

19、d。由于this coastal area与name之间为被动关系，再根据句中的last year可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。,was named,19. Linda, make sure the tables _ (set) before the guests arrive. (2010全国卷II),19. are set。由于table(桌子) 与set(摆，放置) 之间为被动关系，要用被动语态；又因为make sure后接从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，故用一般现在时的被动语态。,are set,20. The palace caught fires three times in

20、the last century, and little of the original building _(remain) now. (2010重庆卷),20. remains。意思是说，由于三次失火，原来的建筑现在就没有留下来了。remain=be left被留下来。,remains,21. Youve failed to do what you _ (expect) to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. (四川卷),21. were expected。由expect sb to do sth(期待某人做某事) 可知，you与expec

21、t为被动关系，要用被动语态；意思是指没有做“过去安排好要做的事”，于是担心受惩罚，故用一般过去时的被动语态。,were expected,22. Then came another rider; the old man 32 (catch) his eye and said, “Sir, would you mind doing me a favor?” (2010深圳一模),22. caught。由与之并列的谓语动词and said可知，catch也用一般过去时。,caught,23. People say that a smile can 39 (pass) from one person

22、 to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so. (2010深圳一模),23. be passed。因a smile与pass是被动关系，故用被动语态，注意情态动词后用原形。,be passed,24. I thought for a moment, 35 (roll) down the window, and gestured to the man. (2010茂名一模),24. rolled。从后文的and 可知，roll的时态应与thought和gestured一致，要用一般过去时。注意，由and连接的两

23、个或多个先后发生的系列动词时，其时态一致。,rolled,25. When research 35 (assign), the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance. (三模),25. is assigned。谓语动词，因research(研究工作)与assign(分配)是被动关系，又根据前后时态(如expects)可知，此空应用一般现在时的被动语态。,is assigned,一、单句填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.The house belon

24、gs to my aunt but she _ (not live) here any more. (全国I) 2. This machine _ (not work). It hasnt worked for years. (浙江) 3. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ (increase) their sales by 20 percent. (全国) 4. Population experts predict that most people _(live) in cities in the near future. (上海春),does

25、nt live,doesnt work,will increase,will live,5. He _(play) football regularly for many years when he was young. (天津) 6. Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society. (宁夏) 7. Teenagers _(damage) their health because they play computer games too much. (重庆) 8. I calle

26、d Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _ (talk) on the phone all the time! (湖南),played,joined,are damaging,was talking,9. John promised his doctor he _ (not smoke), and he has smoked ever since. (北京) 10. By this time tomorrow, I_ (lie) on the beach 11. So far th

27、is year we _ (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (福建),would not smoke,will be lying,have seen,12. The hotel wasnt particularly good. But I _ (stay) in many worse hotels. (北京) 13. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ (know) each other for years. (辽

28、宁),had stayed,had known,14. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ (prepare) for it for months. (江苏) 15. The telephone _ (ring), but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. (四川) 16. Did you go to the show last night? Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _(invite). (陕西)

29、,has been preparing,was ringing,was invited,17. Whats that noise? Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _ (test). (浙江) 18. I like these English songs and they _ (teach) many times on the radio. (安徽),is being tested,have been taught,19. No decision _ (make) about any future appointment until all

30、the candidates have been interviewed. (北京) 20. Do you have any problems if you _(offer) this job? Well, Im thinking about the salary. (湖南),will be made,are offered,二、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为3140的相应位置上。(以动词时态为主),(1) Itwas getting dark when I got home.

31、It was cold and I 1_(wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket 2_(take) out my key 3_ I couldnt find it. I suddenly remembered that Ihad left 4_ on my desk in the office. It really didnt make 5_ difference. I knew my wife was at home and the children must have come back fr

32、om school 6_ now, so I knockedat the door.,was wearing,to take,but,it,any,by,There was no answer, so I knocked again. I 7_(continue) knocking at the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon. He said that my wife 8 _ (phone)saying that she 9_(go) shopping in the afternoon with the children. There was only one thing for meto do: I had to clime in 10_ a window.,continued,had phone,would go,through,(2) When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once watched his mothe