StructuresinUse、GrammarinUse (2)

1、名词性从句,辨别下列名词性从句的类别： 1.How the book will sell depends on its author. 2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 3.The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 4.The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 5.He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S.

2、 6.It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句,主语从句,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why,1。that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分， 本身也没有词义，宾语从句中可省略 2。不充当介宾 3。 引

3、导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,that不可省略。,That/wh-clause + v +主语从句 S +be/link.v + that/wh-clause表语从句 S + vt + that/wh-clause宾语从句 S + vi + prep + wh-clause宾语从句,一主语从句,主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,1. It 作形式主语,It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the

4、film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.,what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如： 1) _you said yesterday is right. 2) _she is still alive is a good thing.,It is right what you said yesterday.,It is a good thing that she is still alive.,What,That,2. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别,二宾语从句,

5、宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。,1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that he joined the army. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept m

6、y invitation.,2. 作介词的宾语，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate(合作）with one another.,3. 作形容词的宾语，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. I am sure (that) he will win the game.,4. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： We thought it good news that th

7、e fog had finally gone.,5. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： _我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。,I dont think the dress fits you well,三表语从句,表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外，常用的还有t

8、he reason is that 和It is because 等结构。例如： 1) The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2) This is _ we cant get the support of the people. 3) But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus.,whether/

9、how,why,that,why,that,四同位语从句,1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.,同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。,2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明

10、的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.,3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别,(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。,(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。例如：,1) The news that he told me is that Tom wo

11、uld go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）,whether 与 if 均为 “是否” 的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 所取代： 主语从句,Whether he will come is unknown.,2. 表语从句，如：,The question is whether you should a

12、ccept it.,3. 同位语从句，如：,The question whether hell attend the meeting is not decided.,4. 从句作介词的宾语，如：,Im not interested in whether theyll go or not. It depends on whether we have got enough money.,5. 直接跟不定式连用，如：,She hasnt decided whether to go or not.,用if 或whether 填空,1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorro

13、w. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 5. _ they can do it matters little to us. 6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,that在同位语从句与定语从句的

14、区别,（I）试比较下面两个例句: 1.The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good. 2.The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good.,（that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略）,（that引导同位语从句,在从句中不担当任何成分，但不可以省略）,辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句 1.We heard the news that our team had won. 2.We must face the fact

15、 that we had spent all our money. 3. The news that he told me yesterday was false. 4. I have no doubt that he will come soon. 5. The fact is that we have spent all our money.,同位语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,表语从句,翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。 1.What he wants is a book. 2.It is so nice that we can learn this

16、grammar point together. 3.Im so glad that I can make friends with you. 4.This is why he did it. 5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet? 6.That he wants a book is certain. 7.I suggested just now we (should) take part in this activity. 8.Whether you like him or not does

17、nt matter too much. 9.He doesnt know whether you can sing it well. 10.The problem is whether you can sing it well. 11.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided. 12.Please tell me who your monitor is.,主语从句,主语从句,主语从句,主语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,1.what / that a._

18、he said at the meeting surprised us. b._ he spoke（发言） at the meeting surprised us. 2. if / whether _you go or stay at home wont make any differences. 3. What a pity _is _you didnt arrive by daylight. A. there, because B. it, that C. he, when D. that, for 4.no matter how/who/what/where/when We are re

19、ady to do _ the country wants us to do. A. what B. which C. no matter what D. whatever,What,That,Whether,B,D,高考再现 1. (NMET 1995) is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 2.(NMET 1996) we cant get seems better than we have. A. What,what B.

20、What,that C. That,that D. That,what 3.(NMET 2001春)I read about it in some book or other, does it matter it was? A.where B.what C.how D.which 4.(NMET 1997)Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. A. however B.whatever C. whichever D.wherever 5.(NMET 1999) I drove to Zhuhai for

21、 the air show last week. -Is that you had a few days off? A.why B.when C.what D.where,D,A,D,B,A,6.(上海2002) Theres a feeling in me well never know what a UFO is-not ever. A.that B.which C. of which D.what,A,1.It is important that _ our education in all available ways. A. we must develop B. we shall d

22、evelop C. we would develop D. we should develop 2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week. A. we got everything ready B. we have got everything ready C. We get everything ready D. we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _. A. my pictures would surprise them B. my pictures surprised them C. my pictures should surprise them D. my pictures would have surprised them 4.I wonder _. A. whether or not Ill catch the last bus B. if or not Ill catch the last bus C. that Ill catch the last bus or not D. that Ill catch the last bus,5.We al