现在分词与过去分词90499.ppt

1、分词 性质： 分词相当于形容词、副词。 句子功能：作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。 分词可分为现在分词、过去分词。 一般式 完成式 现在分词 doing having done 过去分词 done having been done,分词作定语 1. 现在分词的意义： 分词作定语相当于一个定语从句 1).主动的，一般的动作 Unidentified Flying Objects = Unidentified objects that fly Flying fish = Fishes that can fly A promising young man = A young man who prom

2、ises well,=a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles people a room facing the south = A room that faces the south 2)主动的，正在进行的动作 falling leaves = Leaves that are falling now the man standing at the gate = The man who is standing at the gate,The girl who is dancing with that guy =the girl dancing wi

3、th that guy The sun that is setting/rising =the setting/rising sun The dog that is barking =the barking dog A child who is sleeping =a sleeping child,2. 过去分词的意义 1).被动，一般的动作（及物动词） the respected writer = The writer who is respected The exploited class =the class that is exploited 2) 被动的，完成的（及物动词） Boil

4、ed water = Water that has been boiled a broken glass a glass that has been broken,3). 主动,完成的动作(不及物动词） fallen leaves(落叶） = Leaves that have fallen a retired old man（退休的老人） = A man who has retired departed friends（久别的朋友） = Friends that have departed a developed country（发达国家） = A country that has devel

5、oped,More examples: 掉落的花朵，回归的学生，逃犯，失落的文明，刚到的来客，沉没的船只， 成年人 faded/withered flowers, returned students, escaped prisoners, the vanished civilization, newly-arrived visitors，sunken ships, a grown man 这些动词都是不及物动词(没有被动语态），所以只表主动完成,如果被修饰的词是由every / some / any / no + thing / body / one所构成的不定代词或指示代词those时，单个

6、的过去分词也要放在被修饰词之后。例如： 有人受伤吗? Is there anybody injured?,3. 过去分词作后置修饰语与作前置修饰语功能、含义不同。,All people involved were called to court. 牵连的 This is an involved problem. 复杂的The book given to him is an English novel. 送给的 We will be meeting at a given time and place. 特定的,This is a used bike. 用过的，旧的 The method used

7、 is very efficient. 所使用的 I noticed a concerned look in her eyes. 关切的目光 All people concerned must come here. 有关的,5. 现在分词和过去分词构成的复合形容词 说英语的国家 English-spoken countries? Water-covering land A newly-building house Ready-making closes Nice-looked person,？,1)分词和所修饰的名词的关系存在逻辑上的主动关系，就用现在分词 English-speaking c

8、ountries Countries speak English A nice-looking person A person looks nice Far-reaching event Event reaches far,2)分词和所修饰的名词的关系存在逻辑上的被动关系，就用过去分词 Water-covered land Land is coved by water A newly-built house A house is newly built Ready-made dress A dress is made ready,3) 形容词+名词+ed 热心的，冷血的，狭隘的。蓝眼睛的，中年

9、的，坏脾气的，有远见的， Warm-hearted, cold-blooded, narrow-minded, blue-eyed, far-sighted, middle-aged, bad-tempered 4) 数词+名词+ed 双面人，十层楼的房子， 三条腿的桌子 Two-faces person, ten-storyed building, three-legged table,6. 三种非谓语动词表示被动的结构做定语 To be done （表示将来的动作） Being done （表示进行的动作） Done （表示过去或完成的动作） 下次要讨论的问题很重要。 The proble

10、m to be discussed is of great importance.,正在建的房子是我们学校的图书馆。 The house being built will be the library of our school. 你参加了上个星期举行的会议吗？Did you attend the meeting held last week?,7. 现在分词与动名词作表语时的区别： 1. Toms job was _( guard ) the factory. 2. The situation is _( encourage). 动名词：主语的内容 现在分词：主语的特征,8. 现在分词作定语

11、与动名词作定语的区别,Sleeping bag Reading room Growing pain,Sleeping child Reading student Growing children,Bag for sleeping Room for reading Pain during the growth period,Child who are Sleeping Students who are reading,动名词作定语一般表示所修饰名词的用途，不可直接改为定语从句 现在分词表示名词的行为状态，且可以改为定语从句,游泳池 睡袋 写字台 洗衣机 饮用水 助听器 安眠药 加油站 洗衣粉,S

12、wimming pool Sleeping bag Writing table Washing machine Drinking water Hearing aid Sleeping pill Filling station Washing powder,8. 现在分词和过去分词作状语 分词与逻辑主语（即句子主语）关系来决定分词的语态，主语能发出分词的动作用主动doing/having done，不能发出分词的动作用被动done/having been done。 分词的动作如发生在谓语动词之后doing(用一般式)，如发生在谓语动词之前，(用完成式)having done。,Why use

13、participle?,1. 他走下楼梯，对我笑了笑。 He came downstairs, smiling at me. 2. 他坐在那里独自一人喝酒。 He sat there, drinking wine alone. 3. 他们说说笑笑地向我们走来。 They went to us ,talking and laughing.,一个句子当中只能只有一个谓语动词，其他动词只能变为非谓语动词，与谓语动词的动作对比，非谓语动词的地位是次要的，从属性质的。,分词短语作状语 1.主谓一致 2. 分词完成式 3.分词表达的各种意思 4.带连词或介词的分词短语,关于分词短语作状语时的逻辑主语问题,

14、1. 主谓一致 分词的逻辑主语与句子主语的关系 2.独立分词结构 名词/代词+分词短语，名词/代词为分词短语的真正主语 3. 特殊表达,1. 分词与句子的主语的关系： 主动与被动 Translation: 听到这个消息，她的眼泪流出来了。 “眼泪”不会“听”，不存在逻辑主谓关系。 Hearing the news, her tears came along her cheeck. 改为：Hearing the news, she had tears coming along her check.,从山上看下去，我们的城市看起来是那么的美丽。 Seeing from the mountain,

15、our city seems so fantastic. 主句的主语“城市”不会“看”，不存在主动关系, 是被动的关系。 应该改为： Seen from the mountain, our city seems so fantastic.,After seeing the movie,_. A. the book was read by him B. the book made him want to read it C. the reading of the book interested him D. he wanted to read the book _in this way, the

16、 situation doesnt seem so disappointing. A. To look at B. Looking at C. Looked at D. To be looked at,吃太多的肉，你会变胖的。 a. If you have too much meat, and youll get fatter. b. you have too much meat, and youll get fatter. c. You have too much meat, youll get fatter. d. Having too much meat, youll get fatte

17、r.,我钱不够，不能买这房子。 A.Im short of money , I cant buy the house. B. Being short of money , I cant buy the house.,我比你强，我会跑得比你快。 A.Im stronger than you,I can run faster than you. B. Being stronger than you,I can run faster than you.,你见到他就叫他到这来吧。 Seeing him , you ask him to come here please 有空你来帮帮我吧。 Having

18、 time , you should come to help me. 浇太多的水花会死的。 Watered too much, the flower will die. 我进门时看见他正在看电视。 Entering the room, I saw him watching TV.,2. 独立分词结构: 当分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，分词前可以带上它的逻辑主语 独立主语+分词，主句 知道怎么做，你就应该尽力去做。 “知道”的逻辑主语是 关系式：主动 Knowing how to do it, you should try your best.,你,独立主语+现在分词（表主动）,如果天气允许

19、的话，我们就去散步。 允许的逻辑主语是 关系： 主动 Weather, we shall go,permitting,天气,开完会后我们都回家了。 The meeting being over, all of us went home. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。 The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didnt know what to say.,独立主语+过去分词（表被动） 考试结束了，我们开始放假。 The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the

20、test was finished, we began our holiday. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。 Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldnt see the words on the blackboard.,There being +名词（代词）,没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。 There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。 There being nothing els

21、e to do, we went home.,With/without+独立主格结构： 表示原因或伴随 She left the party, without a word_(say). The old man often takes a walk after supper with his dog_ (follow) him.,said,following,3.特殊表达,1. 副词+speaking :generally speaking 2. 不及物动词的分词+介词 Judging from, talking of, allowing for (考虑到） 3.分词+that 从句 Seei

22、ng that considering that(既然）Supposing that (假如），granting/granted that（虽然）Allowing that(考虑到）,一些独立结构： 1. Generally _( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school. 2. _(judge ) from his appearance, he is somebody. 3. _( tell ) you the truth, your work is terrible.,分词的完成式： 1)分词动作发生在谓语动作之前,且强调这个动作的一先一后

23、Having spent all the money on me, he still failed.,表主动：Having done,表被动：having been done,被拒绝了10次，他彻底绝望了。Having been rejected ten times, he was completely desperate. But：分词和谓语动词间隔很短,用一般式 门锁上以后，他马上就回家了。 Locking the door, he went home. 发现门锁了，我就回家了。 Finding the door locked, I went home.,一听到这个笑话，大家爆笑。 Hea

24、ring the joke, we burst out laughing.,分词作状语在句中的不同意思 分词作状语，可在句中表示：时间，原因，条件，让步，结果，伴随 1）表时间，一般用于居首 同时发生： Riding in the street during the rush hours, you must be careful. =When you are riding in the street,先发生 Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn. =After he had watered the garden, he 2）表原

25、因 Not knowing what to do next, I want to as for your advice. =Because I dont know what to do,3)表条件 Given more time, I would be able to complete it. =If I were given more time, I would be able to United, we stand; divided, we fail. =If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fail.,4. 表让步 Under

26、standing no Japanese, Charles was able to communicate with them. 5. 表结果 我回到家，发现门锁着。 I went home, finding the door locked. 他开枪了，击毙了其中一名小偷。 He fired, killing one of the thieves.,6. 表伴随，补充说明 他笑着回答。 He answered, smiling at me. 他挥了挥手，向我告别。 He said goodbye, waving his hands.,带有连词或介词的分词短语,一旦缺氧，脑部将会死亡。 Once

27、 deprived of oxygen, the brain dies. 过马路的时候要小心。 Be careful while crossing the road. 一听到她的消息，他心跳得很厉害。 On hearing her news, his heart beat fast.,A) 1._(see ) those picture, he couldnt help thinking of those days in Yanan. 2._( turn ) round, Fanny found an ambulance driving up. 3_( water ) the vegetabl

28、es, they began to pick up the apples. 4._( finish ) the work, he went back home on foot. 5._( inspire ) by Dr. Chens speech, they decided to study maths harder.,6._( persuade) by her mother, she gladly went there alone. 7.Warmly _( praise ) for his work, he was too excited to fall asleep. 8._( arriv

29、e ) at the station, we found the train gone. 9._( send ) the child to bed, she began to correct the pupils exercises.,10._( surround), the enemy found nowhere to hide and had to give up. 11.Once _( arm ), we are afraid of nothing. 12.While _( cross )the street, look out for cars. 13.When _( walk ) i

30、n the park, Mathilde met with her old friend. 14.While_( criticize ),she cried. 15.She came earlier than _( expect).,16.Everything goes well as _( plan ). 17.She still made the same mistakes though _( tell) several times. 18._( give ) more time, we are sure to do it better. 19.The doctor did everyth

31、ing he could _( save ) the patient. 20._(improve )his English, Wang Ling works much harder.,作目的、结果状语的区别： 21. Li Ming works hard_( pass ) the exams. 22. He returned home _( find ) the house broken into. 23.His father died, _( leave ) him nothing but debts.,24. Football is played over a century, _( ma

32、ke ) it popular. 25. Bees suck honey into their stomachs, _( get ) thicker and thicker.,将上列1-18句分词部分改成从句： B)伴随状语 1. The boy lay in bed, _( listen ) to music. 2. Its a bad habit to talk to others, _( look ) aside. 3. The professor entered the room, _( follow ) by his assistants. 4. The visiting Minis

33、ter expressed his satisfaction with the talk, _( add )that he had enjoyed his stay here. 5. The boy stood in front of the teacher, _( criticize).,独立主格结构 1. Today _( be ) Sunday, the library doesnt open. 2. There _( be ) no buses, we had to walk home. 3. The signal _( give ), the bus started. 4. Weat

34、her _ ( permit ), well visit the Great Wall.,5. A teacher from England _( teach ) us English, were sure to learn it well. B) 6. With him _( give ) us a lead, our team is to win. 7. With the worker _( lead ), the Young Pioneers went through the forest and started towards the mountain village.,8. Many

35、 people spoke aloud in front of our classroom, with nobody _( stop ) them. 9. He was looking at the screen again, with the machine _( turn ) on. 10. The girl felt uneasy with the whole class _( stare ) at her. 11. Now the patient could walk with the nurse _( support ) him.,12. With the machinery _(

36、do ) all the work, we finished the task last month. 13. She lay on the grass with her eyes _( close ). 14. You might catch a cold with your feet _( expose).,现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：see，hear，watch，notice等动词后，用动词不定式作宾语补语，通常表示(强调)动作从开始到结束的全过程。如果用现在分词作宾语补语，则表示动作正在进行。 +sb do (经常性动作) +sb doing sth.（正在进行）,1.Whe

37、n I glanced out of the window I saw Mary_ (pass) the road. 2. In the parks you often see people _(do) shadowboxing. 3 Unfortunately, he got his wallet _( steal ) on the bus. 4. We are interested in hearing him _( tell ) us the news.,Have/get+宾语+doing” ，现在分词所表示的动作往往是使客体保持或处于某种状态。 父亲让我整个署假天天游泳。 Father

38、 had me swimming the whole summer vacation。 在“have (get)+宾语+done”的结构中，过去分词所表示的动作往往是别人做的 +sb do (经常性动作) +sb doing sth.（正在进行/某种状态） +sth done（被动）,1. He wont have us _( criticize ) him. 2. Its a bad habit to leave the work _( undo ). 3. Yesterday I caught him _( take ) my dictionary when I went into the classroom.,4） 分词作定语练习： A) 1. Do you know the man _(speak ) at the meeting? 2. Do you know the man _( praise ) at the meeting? 3. The building _( put ) up last now is our library. 4. The building _( put ) up now will be our