英语介词用法.ppt

1、英语语法知识 介词用法 （ The use of preposition ）,介词 ( preposition ),介词的分类与语法功能,1.介词是虚词， 不能单独做句子成分， 必须与名词、 代词（ 或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句 ） 构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。,介词分为： 简单介词: at 、 in 、 on 、for 、 to,合成介词: within 、 inside 、 onto、 throughout .,短语介词: according to 、 out of 、 because of、 by means of、 in spite of 、 instead of,双重

2、介词 ： from behind /above / under , until after,分词介词 ：considering , including , judging from /by,1. It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.,2. He quarrelled with her yesterday.,3. He succeeded in passing the final examination .,4. Im still thinking of how I can fulfill th

3、e task ahead of time.,5.The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.,总结 1：介词后常接 名词、代词、动名词 、从句、 不定式组成介词短语。,总结 2 : 介词短语在句子中可作表语、 定语 、状语和 宾补。,This machine is in good condition . Where is the key to my bike ? Nothing in the world could live without air or water . She always thinks her

4、self above others,二. 介词搭配 动词 介词 rob sb of sth ( clear / inform /cheat / remind / accuse / cure . etc),supply us with sth = supply sth to / for sb ( provide / fill ),make sth of / from / into,介词 the + 人体部位 （strike / catch / hit/,prevent sb from doing,persuade sb into / out of doing sth ( advise/ warn

5、 /reason),buy sth for sb ( leave / get / win / gain / lose ),tell sth to sb ( show / teach / sing / write / read),give sth to sb( allow / promise / pass / hand ),say to sb ( suggest / explain / apologize / murmur /whisper),同一介词与不同动词 （ to / for / at 同一动词与不同介词的搭配 ( look / agree / hear / call /stand ,2

6、. 形容词 介词 afraid / angry / anxious / tired / strict / good popular / pleased / known / familiar,1. Im afraid _ being late for school because my head teacher is very strict _ us . 2. Einstein was known _ his theory of relativity _ a famous physics scientist _ the world . 3. He is angry _ what his e-pa

7、l has said for he is tired _ being laughed at by others . 4. The boy is familiar _ the fiction because it is very popular _ teenagers so far .,3. 名词 介词 1. The absence / lack of water is the most serious problem . 2. The girl has a good way _ studying English . 3. The key _ success lies in diligence

8、and wisdom .,重点介词的用法归纳与辨析 表示世纪、年、月、 季、周 用 in / during , in the 1990s , in May , in spring ,in the first week of June,2. 在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上 、前夕 用 on,3. 在某一时刻、 或某一点时间用 at .,till , until , to 的用法。 1） till / until 与延续动词连用，用于肯定句，与短暂 动词连用用在否定句（ 在句首、强调句 不用till ).,2) to 表终结常与from 连用 from to from time to time fr

9、om hand to hand from door to door from house to house,from one + 名词 to another 表 “依次” 名词 + by + 同一名词 one by one ,5. in , after , later,in + 一段时间 . 常用 一般将来时。 after + 一段时间 . 常用一般过去时。 after + 点时间 . 用各种时态。,一段时间 later 过去时,6 . 地点介词 : at , on , in , to , off across , through over , under below , above to （

10、 静态 ）, towards ( 动态 ）,along,7. 表示方式、手段、 工具 的介词 by / through ( 表泛指 的方式、手段） by (交通工具类） by / with / in ( 方式、手段）,1.The boy likes writing _ a pen and especially likes writing _ blue and black ink . 2. He got full mark _ his own effort, he often contacts with his epals _ email .,8. 表 “ 除 之外 ” 的介词 besides

11、, but except ， except for , except that ,注意： 1） 前面有不定代词、 疑问代词时，多用but,All but one are here . Nobody but I likes literature .,2） 后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but He has nothing to do but wait . 3) 固定短语 have no choice but to do sth （只得做某事） can not but do sth cannot help but do sth (不得不） but for / but that（要不是）,9. b

12、etween / among (三者以上）,1） Mary is sitting _ Tom and wang Li. 2） She was busy _ cooking , washing , sewing and looking after the baby . 3）Shanghai is _the largest cities in the world . 4） A horse can be seen _ trees now.,1. He didnt come to the meeting _ his illness . 2. The reason _ his being angry i

13、s that he lost his cell phone. 3. _ a heavy snow , the highway has been closed up. 4. The accident is _ the drivers drinking .,10 表原因的介词： for , because of , due to , owing to , on account of , as a result of,11. 不定式复合结构中的 for , of,1）It is clever _ you to answer such a difficult answer. 2）It is mean _ her to g