英语 完形填空.ppt

1、专题一 完形填空,20082014 年广东高考完形填空考情分析,从上表可以发现，近七年广东高考完形填空有以下几个特,点：,1.题材广泛，体裁多样。选材新颖、时尚，涉及日常生活、 文史知识、科技小品等，文章内容大多与日常生活关系密切， 符合考生的阅读兴趣和识记能力。体裁有记叙文、说明文和议 论文。,2.选项设置有以下三个相同点：,(1)词类相同。要么都是名词，要么都是动词，要么都是形,容词或副词。,(2)语法形式相同。名词或动词的单复数形式相同，动词-ing 或-ed 形式相同，形容词或副词的比较等级形式相同。 (3)正确选项的分布较为均匀，即 A、B、C、D 四个选项各 自所占比例基本相同。如

2、 15 个小题，A、B、C、D 各占 34 个。,3.只考实词，包括名词、动词、形容词和副词。 4.不考以下内容：,(1)虚词，包括冠词、代词、介词、连词等。,(2)纯语法知识。题目答案都要通过上下文理解来确定，没,有纯语法考查题。,(3)纯固定搭配。没有考查纯固定搭配记忆题，即使是搭配， 也是可以通过上下文语境推知，如 2012 年的第 7 小题 get into trouble,2009 年的第 21 小题 mistook 和第 29 小题 contributions 等。,(4)词语辨析。不考查词义或用法非常相似或难以辨析的词,语。一般来说，四个选项的意义相差很大。,(2014 年广东高

3、考),Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers.Then again, teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them.According to a recent research, the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks.On t

4、he one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their childrens refusal to help with the 4 .On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them,for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the

5、 supermarket.,The research, conducted by St.George University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems.However,some approaches are more 7 than others.For example, those,parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 c clean the room for them, have fewer chance

6、s of changing their childrens 9 .On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better.For example, when teenagers who dont help their parents with the shopping dont find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 10 their actions.,Psychologists

7、say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships.Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say.Parents may 14 their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private spac

8、e.Communication is a two-way process.It is only by listening to and 15 each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.,1.A.natural C.guilty 2.A.interest C.link 3.A.noisy C.messy 4.A.homework C.problem 5.A.washing C.dropping,B.strong D.similar B.argument D.knowledge B.crowded D.

9、locked B.housework D.research B.using D.replacing,6.A.approaches C.introductions 7.A.complex C.scientific 8.A.later C.seldom 9.A.behavior C.future 10.A.failures C.consequences,B.contributions D.attitudes B.popular D.successful B.deliberately D.thoroughly B.taste D.nature B.changes D.thrills,11.A.def

10、end C.repeat 12.A.communication C.friendship 13.A.reply C.attach 14.A.hate C.frighten 15.A.loving C.understanding,B.delay D.reconsider B.bond D.trust B.attend D.talk B.scold D.stop B.observing D.praising,本文通过叙述父母和孩子之间的沟通难题告诉我们：对待 孩子不能一味地指责，那样只会让情况更糟糕，而应该换位思 考，站在孩子的立场上考虑问题。真正的沟通是用心为对方考 虑，只有这样才能实现父母和孩

11、子之间有效的沟通。 从考点来看，15 个空中，考查形容词 3 个，考查副词 1 个， 考查动词 5 个，考查名词 6 个。考查的词性更倾向于动词和名 词。,1.D A.自然的；B.坚强的；C.内疚的；D.相似的。题意： 父母感觉很难和孩子在一起生活，同样的情况，孩子也有相似 的感觉，认为和父母在一起住很不容易。故 D 项正确。,2.B,A.兴趣；B.争论；C.联系；D.知识。题意：根据最近,的一项研究，父母和孩子之间最常见的争论就是关于孩子的邋 遢和每天例行的事情。由下文内容可知此处应指“争论”。故 B 项正确。,3.C 乱的”。 4.B,由上文中的 untidiness 可知此处应用 mes

12、sy，表示“凌 A.家庭作业；B.家务；C.问题；D.研究。题意：一方,面，父母会因为孩子混乱的房间，扔在地上的衣服及拒绝帮忙 做家务而生气。混乱的房间、扔在地上的衣服都是和家务有关 的内容。,5.C,A.洗；B.使用；C.掉落；D.代替。由前面的blame them,可知只有 C 项符合语境。,6.A,根据第 7 空前面的 some approaches 以及横线后的介,词 to 可知 A 项正确。,7.D A.复杂的；B.流行的；C.科学的；D.成功的。题意： 有些方法比其他的更为成功。四个选项里只有 D 项是表示对父 母处理和孩子之间关系的评价的形容词。故 D 项正确。 8.A A.后来

13、；B.故意地；C.很少；D 彻底地。题意：有些 父母为孩子的不整洁对着他们大喊大叫，但是后来又为孩子打 扫房间，这样的父母改变孩子行为的机会很少。本句暗含了时 间的先后关系，故 A 项正确。 9.A 近义复现。由后文的 actions 可知此处选 A，表示“行 为”。,10.C,A.失败；B.改变；C.结果；D.兴奋。题意：正相反，,那些让孩子体验自己行为结果的父母往往会做得更好。由题意 可知选 C。,11.D,A.保卫；B.延误；C.重复；D.重新考虑。题意：当,孩子没有帮忙购物而没有在冰箱里找到自己最喜欢的饮料时， 他们被迫“重新考虑”自己的行为。结合题意可知选 D。,12.A,心理学家认

14、为“交流”是父母和孩子之间关系的最,重要的事情。,13.D,talk to sb.与某人交谈。父母应该和孩子“交流”，,与前面的 communication 对应。,14.B,A.讨厌；B.责骂；C.使害怕；D.阻止。当孩子,邋遢的时候，父母也许会“责骂”孩子。,15.C,由前面的 understand 可知此处选 C，表示“理解”。,一、解题步骤,1.跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意,考生首先要跳过空格，尽快通读全文，快速掌握全文大意， 理清短文在结构、内容等方面的脉络后，对全文有了一个全面 系统的了解，为顺利找出“语境线索”、作出正确的选择做好 准备。,2.结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案,掌握了

15、全文大意后，考生应紧扣文章情景，从上下文中寻 找线索。文章围绕一个话题论述，在行文中词语的替代、复现 现象是不可避免的。因此，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就 是在上下文中替代的近义词或复现的相关词。,3.瞻前顾后，先易后难，个个击破,做完形填空时，考生一定要注意填入的词在意义上要与文 章内容相符，在逻辑上保持一致。不能只考虑本句的意思和备 选的答案，要注意段落与段落之间的内在逻辑联系，领悟暗示， 选对答案。,4.重读全文，检查验证，确认答案,全部答案选定后，考生应再次对全文进行复读，检查所选 答案能否使全文连贯通畅。对于个别拿不准的答案，应当根据 自己的语感，尊重第一次选择的答案，若无充分依据

16、，切勿轻 易改动。,二、考点点拨：名词，动词，形容词，副词 考点1 名词,中心同现是指文章首段的中心词或文章中反复出现的名词 或名词词组，在设空的句子中也重复出现或与其意思相近；词 汇同现是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章 中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇 的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。,1.首段首句一般都是中心句，名词是核对重点！,Dorothy Brown was very happy as she sat in the theatre,her first concert.She had been waiting for this moment f

17、or years,and years.“Now it is here at last，” she thought.“How beautiful,her _1_ is.”,The song made her go back to the days when she was Laurens age.As a young girl, Dorothy wanted to be a concert singer.She studied _2_ in France, Italy and in the United States.“You can become a fine _3_ in the futur

18、e ，” her teachers told her.“But,2.抓住中心意思围绕什么话题 (在文章中出现频率最 多的名词),【跟踪练习】,Then, mountain-climbing began to grow popular as a sport.To some people, there is something greatly pleasant about getting to the _1_ of a high mountain: a struggle against nature is finer than a battle against other human beings

19、.And then , when you are at the,mountain top after a long and difficult _2_ ， what an excited reward ( 奖品 ) it is to be able to look down on everything within,sight! At such time, you feel happier and prouder than you can ever feel down below.,1.A.foot 2.A.flight,B.spot B.climb,C.top C.jump,D.tip D.

20、running,1.C,由首句可知本段主要讲爬山。故此处应指对于某些人,来说，爬到山“顶”有很大的乐趣。,2B,由首句中的 mountain-climbing 可知，此处应选 climb，,表示“攀登”。,考点 2 动词,注意关联、逻辑关系、上下文的前后照应。英语的语言表 达中，绝大多数都存在着因果关系、结构关联(在广东高考英语 完形填空里，并不考查固定搭配)。按照语法的规律及结构，词 语、词组或句子常由主谓、动宾和偏正三种搭配形成语言的结 构关联。,1.找出因果关系选出正确动词 About a month ago, while in the drive through at Starbuck

21、s, I noticed a woman in a car behind me who appeared to be having too much energy at 8 a.m.on a Sunday morning, because they were shouting loudly.The line moved slowly and at one point while I was pulling the car forward, the sad woman behind me knocked my car.I could tell this _ her.The entire time

22、 that I waited in line,【踪踪练习一】 If you lose your passport, do report it to your local passport agency immediately.Any _1_ reporting the loss could result in your passport being used improperly, commonly known as “identity theft”.Once the loss is _2_ you can begin the replacement procedures.,1.A.delay

23、 2.A.offered,B.chance B.happened,C.worry C.reported,D.false D.provided,1.A 由后文 result in.的内容可知此处应表示“延误”。,2.C,由后文“you can begin.”可知丢失已“上报”，故选 C。,2.结构关联主谓、动宾、偏正关系要识记 I had some coins in my pocket, but I would not give them to him, thinking to myself he would only use the money to feed his addiction to

24、 drugs or alcohol.He _ like that typeyoung and,【踪踪练习二】 When I grew a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great number of pets, _ from owls to seahorses.And I spent all my spare time exploring the countryside in search of fresh specimens to add to my collection of pets.,A.collecting C.changi

25、ng,B.naming D.ranging,D,偏正关系，强调宠物的数量之多，范围之广。,3.瞻前顾后注意文章当中的前后呼应 The person was my stepmother.I was nine years old when she entered our home in rural Virginia.My father _ me to her,【踪踪练习三】 But one day the clouds parted in heaven and William _ the beautiful green earth below with all the people happily

26、 playing and working.He saw children climbing tress, running and jumping.It was all so beautiful.,A.heard C.saw,B.created D.felt,C,前后呼应。与后文“He saw.”相呼应。,考点 3 形容词,在英语语用篇章中，为了体现语言的多样性或避免重复， 经常使用同义词、近义词或解释性的词语来连接上下文。英语 经常会出现一些分析性语言，有些词汇或表达是围绕同一话题 或同一场景出现的。这些情况，常会出现对形容词的考查。,1.原词、近义词或同义词在英语篇章中，同一概念或 同一单词

27、及其变形和同源单词会在上下文中不断出现。,C.ordinary,D.gifted,In 1856, Nightingale returned to England.Her efforts were,C.successful,D.wonderful,【跟踪练习一】 Reducing the use of _1_ items means less harm.The use of items such as cleaning products produces poison that is harmful to both the environment and our health.,1.A.poi

28、sonous B.dirty C.cheap,D.strange,In the US, pilots are allowed to use certain electronic devices during take-off and landing, but if passengers various device are tested, it may lead to wrong warnings and _2_ readings on the aircraft instruments.,2.A.clear,B.right,C.bad,D.false,1.A 同源词复现。由下文的 poison

29、 可知此处选 A。 2.D 同义复现。与前面的 wrong 对应。,2.修饰关联 英语的修饰关联是指词语之间的修饰或 限制的关系，具体而言，即语言的得体性和习惯性。如，修饰 number, population 时常用 large 或 small，而不用 many 或 little， 修饰 speak 要用 loud 或 low。 Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful,【跟踪练习二】 Sundays rainstorm, said to be the _1_ rain since 1951, caused rivers to

30、break their banks and flood major highways, swallowing up a large number of vehicles.,1.A.deepest C.loudest,B.heaviest D.biggest,You must understand that and keep a balance in your life.Here are some suggestions for you.Firstly, dont be afraid to admit that you are _2_ than perfect.Also, dont be afr

31、aid to take risks.,2.A worse,B.less,C.better,D.much,1.B 2.B,修饰 rain，表示雨大，应用 heave。故选 B。 联系上下文可知此处表示程度，指“不够完美”，故,应用 less。,考点 4 副词,英语篇章当中，完形填空需要经常关注表示顺序(层次)关 系的词和表示归纳总结关系的词，这样有助于迅速理清文章的 基本脉络。,1.表顺序(层次)关系的词，如 firstly, secondly, finally 等。 A customer begins with a catalogue of possible items, selects an

32、 item, arranges a form of payment, and sends an order.Instead of a physical catalogue, e-commerce arranges for catalogues to be visible on the Internet.Instead of sending an order on paper or by telephone, e-commerce arranges for order to be sent over a computer network._ ， instead of sending a pape

33、r representation of payment such as a check, e-commerce allows one A.Additionally B.Secondly C.Firstly D.Finally,【跟踪练习一】 She then traveled to London.At first, Isadora danced with her feet bare at garden parties and other small social gatherings._1_ her popularity grew, and London became the first pl

34、ace Isadora was ever really accepted.,1.A.Suddenly C.Gradually,B.Unexpectedly D.Hopefully,C,由前面的 at first 可知此处应用 gradually，表示“随后，,渐渐地”。,2.归纳总结逻辑关系，英语篇章理解当中，经常会用一些 词语来进行归纳总结。,【跟踪练习二】 Students on the way to school is regulated by school policies, which may prohibit certain activities in publicchewing

35、gum, consuming snacks, reading books while walkinganything that might reflect _1_ on the reputation of the school.Each school has a uniform that makes its students easily recognizable to the public.,1.A.really C.badly,B.well D.truly,C,根据前面列举的这些行为可知，它们对学校声誉有,“坏”影响。故选 C。,三、技巧点拨 1.根据首句暗示，建立正确的思维导向 高考完形

36、填空的首句往往不设空，是一个完整的句子，通 过它考生可以了解全文，判断文章的大意或主题，建立正确的 思维导向，对解题非常关键。 Peter and Paul had got permission from their parents to camp in a field close to their farm.But, being adventurous boys, they knew it would be more _ to camp in the woods that lay beyond the river.,A.surprising,B.exciting,C.annoying,D.f

37、rightening,解析：根据首句我们可以得知一定是讲 Peter and Paul 在野 营发生的事情，作为富有冒险精神的孩子们，他们不想靠近农 场，想露营树林，一定想寻找更加刺激(exciting)的事。,2.借助“逻辑关系”手段，推导主旨脉络,英语语篇中常见的逻辑关系有以下 7 种：平行或递进的关 系；转折的关系；目的或因果的关系；层次或顺序的关系；例 举的关系；解释说明的关系；归纳总结的关系。在做完形填空 时，要学会分析“逻辑关系”，推导脉络与主旨。,(1)通常表示平行或递进关系的连接词有：and, or, also, as,well (as), likewise, similarl

38、y, at the same time, both.and., besides,furthermore, in addition (to), moreover, worse still 等。这些连接词 表明上下文将出现与前面同类性质的内容，或是对前面内容的 进一步阐述。,In London, bus _ was withdrawn for a day and tubes and trains were cancelled.Major motorways in the country had to close.,A.service C.repair,B.driving D.supply,解析：由

39、 and 可知此空与下文中的 tube, trains 并列，故选 service，与 bus 搭配，表示汽车服务。,(2)通常表示转折关系的连接词有：although, but, however, instead, nevertheless, on the contrary, while, otherwise, to the opposite, yet 等。这些连接词表明下文讲述的将是相反或全新的 内容或观点，需要格外注意。此时应放慢阅读速度，多留心上 下文在意义上的转变。 The British _ expect one or two snowfalls each year but the

40、 amount of snow rarely affects everyday life.However, this week Britain has had the worst snow it has seen in around 18 years.Some places had more than 30 cm in a day.,A.usually,B.actually,C.rarely,D.severely,解析：由but 可知，此空与后文的rarely 相对，故选usually。,(3) 通常表示目的或因果关系的连接词有：as, as a result, because (of), c

41、onsequently, due to, for, now that, since, so, so.that., such.that., therefore, thus 等。这些连接词对帮助理 解行文思路也很有效。 She returned to her job in Texas and began Baal Dan Charities.In Hindi, the name _ “child donation” ， because many children depend on international charity projects like Baal Dan.,A.helps,B.fo

42、llows,C.replaces,D.means,解析：由name 和后面加了引号的children donation 可知此 处应表示“意味着”，且由because 后的解释也可知选 D。,(4)通常表示层次、顺序关系的连接词有：after (that), another, before, first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), at last, finally, later on, next, then, on the other hand 等。通过它们能迅速理清文章的基本脉 络。 Supporters claim that there are many ben

43、efits of service learning.Perhaps most importantly, students are forced to think.the needs of others.Students are also able to learn.working as part of a,students can explore possible careers through,team._ ， service learning.,A.Gradually,B.Finally,C.Luckily,D.Hopefully,解析：开头说到服务学习有很多好处，然后列举了三种好 处。从

44、表示层次的信息词most importantly (最重要的是)，also (也)可知应选 Finally (最后)来引出最后一个好处。,(5)通常表示例举关系的连接词有：for example, for instance, for one thing, for another, such as 等。这些词表明下文将给出具 体的例子。 More and more students want to study in “not” majors.As a result, many students want to give up their interests and study in these

45、_ such as foreign languages, international business and law, etc.,A.places,B.rooms,C.areas,D.spaces,解析：由 such as 后的例子可知，此处应表示“领域”，故 选 C。,(6)通常表示解释说明关系的连接词有：in other words, namely, that is 等，表明下文将对上文作进一步的解释说明。 Have I given my readers all of the _ ， that is, facts, opinions, inferencesthat they need i

46、n order to understand my main idea?,A.angles C.information,B.evidence D.hints,解析：由 that is 后面的内容可知，此处应表示“信息”， 故选 C。,(7)通常表示归纳总结的连接词有：as a result, so, briefly, in a word, in brief, in short, on the whole, to sum up 等。这些词表明下 文将进行归纳或总结。 So _ ， Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was reall

47、y about.,A.generally C.usually,B.basically D.certainly,解析：从语义上判断，so 在这里表示总结：诺贝尔得“死” 过一次，才能认识到人生的真谛。所以副词应用 basically (基本 上，从根本上说)。,3.根据词语复现，确定正确的词汇,词汇的复现关系指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、 上义词、下义词、概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中，语篇 中的句子通过这种复现关系达到了相互衔接。词汇的复现关系 又可分为原词复现、同义词或近义词复现、上下义词复现和概 括词复现四类。如：,They go to sleep in all kinds of

48、places.Red squirrels disappear inside trees, bears use caves, frogs go deep under the mud, and,many other animals dig holes in the earth.(概括和同义复现) Indeed, without Einsteins theory ， which was the result to,many complicated mathematical calculations, there would never,have been any practical applicat

49、ion of nuclear power.(上下义词复 现 ),At that moment, however, he felt strangely unwilling to do so.Instead of moving backward as planned, he took a step forward,and then another! (反义复现),(1)概括和同义复现 It can be said that foreign _ that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also creates problems of ad

50、justment, both for the university and for the fessor and his students lack background in each others culture.,A.situation C.circumstances,B.background D.condition,解析：四个选项都表示“情况”的概念，而一个外籍老师 的“情况”又该用什么词来表达，通过阅读后面的内容考生就 不难发现 background。,As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sens

51、ed that,something was wrong.Moving the pilot aside, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the urgent instructions that were being sent by radio from the airport below.The plane was now dangerously close to the ground, but to everyones relief, it soon began to climb.The man had to _1_ over

52、the airport several times in order to become familiar with the controls of the,plane.Following _2_ ， the man guided the plane toward the,airfield.,1.A.surround C.observe 2.A.impressions C.inspections,B.circle D.view B.information D.instructions,解析：从上文中的 circled 可以推断第一空表示“在机场上 盘旋”，故选 B。从上文中 listened

53、to the instructions 可以判断 第二空选 D。,(2)同义词、近义词复现 Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students.It is the _ responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library.,A.students C.assistants,B.professors D.librarians,解析：从前面的 responsibilities for learning l

54、ie with the students 可以判断查找材料也应该是“学生”的责任，所以答案为 A。,(3)反义复现 Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesnt _ your memory; it only tightens it.,A.loosen C.decrease,B.weaken D.reduce,解析：根据前后两部分一为肯定，一为否定可判断为反义 复现。从下文的 tighten 可知，上文应该是选 loosen。,There are four types of blood._ types are fo

55、und in every race, and no type is distinct to any race.,A.All C.No,B.Most D.Some,解析：并列连词 and 说明前后语意一致，那么，前后应该 是反义复现，与 no 意思相反的自然是 all。,(4)同源词复现 Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students.If a long reading assignment is given, the instructors expect students to

56、 be familiar with the information in the reading.When research is _ ， the professor expects the student to take it actively and complete it with minimum guidance.,A.collected C.distributed,B.assigned D.finished,解析：该部分作者通过两个例子说明，应该有学生负责自 己的学习，都是从“布置作业”方面解释。说明布置阅读作业 时要求学生如何；布置研究作业时又该要求学生如何。两个例 子概念复现，由

57、give reading assignment 可以确定答案应该是 B。,Although these wide modern roads are generally smooth and well maintained, with little sharp curves and many straight sections.others are uneven road _ through the country.,A.driving C.crossing,B.curving D.travelling,解析：上文中提到高速公路上的弯道时用的是curve，而此 空复现“弯道”的概念，用的应该是与

58、 curve 有关的动词，即 curving。,(5)上义词复现 Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a _ result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of mans other objectives.,A.single C.specialized,B.sole D.specific,解析：冒号后是对上文的解释，从解释的内容来看，三者 统一于一个概念之下。故此空应表示“具体的”，所以选 D。,Consi

59、der the everyday English _ “Goodbye”.,A.expression C.proverb,B.statement D.conversation,解析：goodbye 为所填之词的同位语，goodbye 为下义词， 其上义词应该是 expression。,4.根据词语同现，选择合适的单词,同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。一 个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇。由于单词意义的 差别、所使用的环境不同，因此，所使用的上下文也不同。为 了保证文章的和谐性、得体性，有必要以话题为中心，了解由 相关单词组成的词汇链。,(1)场所同现 This is thought to be a _ where further study is called for.,A.scope C.range,B.