noun从句.ppt

1、Unit 1 The world of our sense,Grammar Noun clause,名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 （一）引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可

2、省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。,注意： 连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。 （二）主语从句 1、主语从句在复合句作主语。 Who will go is not important. 2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。 It doesnt matter so

3、much whether you will come or not. 3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。 That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.,（三）表语从句 1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。 The question was who could go there. 2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。 My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help. （四）宾语从句 1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。 I h

4、ope (that) everything is all right. 2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。 Im interested in whether youve finished the work. Im interested in what youve said.,3、whether与if都可以引导宾从，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。 宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。 I wonder if it doesnt rain. 用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。 Please let me know wheth

5、er you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解） 宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。 I dont know whether or not the report is true. I dont know whether/if the report is true or not. 介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。

6、It depends on whether we have enough time. They dont know whether to go there. Please come to see me if you have time.,（五）同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。 I have no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised ever

7、ybody.,LEVEL 1 翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。 1.What he wants is a book. 2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together. 3.Im so glad that I can make friends with you. 4.This is why he did it. 5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet? 6.That he wants a bo

8、ok is certain. 7.I suggested just now we (should) take part in this competition. 8.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much. 9.He doesnt know whether you can sing it well. 10.The problem is whether you can sing it well. 11.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided. 12.P

9、lease tell me who your monitor is.,主语从句,主语从句,主语从句,主语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,某些作表语的形容词，如: sure, happy, glad, certain等之后也可带宾语从句。 例如： I am sure that he will succeed. I am glad that you can come and help me., Subject clause 引导主语从句的连词主要有: 一.由 that 引导: 1. That we shall be late is cert

10、ain. 2. _ is known to all. (地球是圆的) 3. _ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会) that 无意义, 但不能省略. 后接一个完整的陈述句.,That the earth is round,That you missed the chance,that,whether,疑问词,2. 由whether引导: e.g. Whether hell be able to come is not yet known. Whether we will succeed is still a question. 主语从句不能用if来引导; Ex:1.是否我们要参加这次会

11、议仍未被决定。 Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. 2.我们是否应该继续做这个试验还没有讨论. Whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been discussed.,陈述语序,3. 疑问词引导的主语从句 what; which; who; whom; when; where; why; how 原则:缺什么补什么 What he said at the meeting surprised us. Who will win the game

12、 is not clear. Where he will go is unknown. Why they have not left yet puzzled me. How we can get there is a problem.,1._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A.What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever 2._I can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy. A.Whe

13、re B.What C.That D.How 3.Its not clear _ was responsible for the accident. A.Who B.What C.How D.That,A,Ex.,C,A, Object clause,引导宾语从句的连词主要有: 1.that引导 She sensed she was being watching. We believe he is honest. I told him I would come back soon. 单个的宾语从句中连词that可以省略.,that,if/whether,疑问词,that,that,that,如

14、果宾语从句是由and或是but连接的两个句子,那么要用2个连词分别引导两个句子,并且不能省略.,e.g. 1.Are there living things on other planets? Do aliens really exist? None of us can be sure. None of us can be sure,if/whether there are living,things on other planet,and,if/whether aliens really exist.,2. He said, I like rain very much. I will not

15、 use an umbrella.,He said,that he liked rain very much,and,that he would not use an umbrella.,2. if/whether 引导,如果宾语从句为一般疑问句时,用if或whether来引导 e.g. I wonder if/whether he will come on time. if 和whether 的选用 1)从句是一般疑问句作动词的宾语,二者都可用; 2)Whether or not搭配,不能用if; 3)主语从句不能用if; 4)表语从句与同位语从句也不能用if; 5)修饰介词的宾语从句也不能

16、用if; 6)连词后直接加不定式to do, 连词不能选用if.,if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7.The do

17、ctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go.,if / whether,Whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,3. 疑问词引导,1. I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday. 2. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 3. The teacher asked _ I was ge

18、tting on with my classmates. A.what B. that C. how D. if 4. We thought _ strange that she didnt come yesterday. A. that B. it C. this D. what,who,what,C,B,4.语序问题,1.The photographs will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D.

19、how our village looks like 2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news. A. how he was excited B. how was he excited C. how excited he was D. he was how excited 3.He asked_for a violin.（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid,B,C,D,5.宾语从句的时态呼应,1.

20、如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态. a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _ . b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _.,his dream will come true some day,what you were doing at this time yesterday,2. He told me. I am preparing for the exam. He told me. I have left my hometown for many years. 3.老师告诉我们地球是圆的。 Th

21、e teacher told us _.,He told me he was preparing for the exam.,He told me he had left his hometown for many years.,the earth is round,主语从句与宾语从句练习,1.It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how 3.It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. migh

22、t be what 4._ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who 5.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where 6. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if 7. - I saw your

23、 neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break,高考再现 1. (NMET 1995) is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 2.(NMET 1996) we cant get seems better than w

24、e have. A. What,what B. What,that C. That,that D. That,what 3.(NMET 1997)Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. however B.whatever C. whichever D.wherever 8. (2004)After Yang Li wei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B.

25、 what C. that D. how,D,A,B,B, predictive clause,引导表语从句的连词:,that,whether,疑问词,as if /as though,because,e.g. The trouble is that I have lost my key. The question is whether we can do it. Thats because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry . Thats why I was late .,2

26、.如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order,demand, proposal, 等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略. e.g. 他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作.,1.The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied 如果主语为reason,why,that,表语从句连词只能用that,His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.,此规则同样适用于同位语从句,表语从句练习,1.This is _ she

27、was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what 2.The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when 3.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what 4.My advice is that he _ school by bike. A. go to B. would go to

28、C. goes to D. went to 5._ she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A.What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that, oppositon clause,引导同位语从句的连接词:,that,疑问词,whether,e.g. 1)The news that I have passed the exam is true. 2)The problem whether we should

29、continue to do the experiment has been solved. 3)The question who should do the work requires consideration 4)We havent settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.,1.判断同位语从句与定语从句,1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again. 3.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university. 4.The information that he gave at the mee