大学英语虚拟语气详解.ppt

1、,虚拟语气,虚拟语气的两种用法： 1）用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。,2）虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况。,真实条件句：,用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生。,例句：If he coms, he will bring his violin.、 If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus.,注意： 1) 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，要用shall,will.,2) 表示真

2、理时，主句谓语动词不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。,If you leave now, you are never going to forget it.,（错）,If you leave now, you will never forget it. （对）,非真实条件句：,1) 虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。,a. 与现在事实相反的假设,例句: If they were here, they would help you. 含义：They are not here, they cant help you. If I

3、knew his phone number, I would tell you.,b. 与过去事实相反的假设,例句: If he had come yesterday, I should/would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If I had taken your advice, I would not have made such a mistake.,c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想,例句: If you succeeded, every

4、thing would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all rignt 含义：You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.,例句： 1If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 （事实：来的可能性很小，不可能） 2I

5、f there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 （事实：下雪可能性很小，不可能） 3If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 （事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）,混合条件句（错综条件句）：,有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。,例如： If you h

6、ad asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反） If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today（现在）.,从句动作与过去事实相反，主句动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符 。 例句：If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us,we would n

7、ot come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。,从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 例如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们就已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。,虚拟条件句的倒装：,虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时，可省略if， 再把were, should, 或had移到从句的句首，实行倒装。

8、,例如：Were they here now, they could help us.,注意：在虚拟语气从句中，“be”的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。,例句: If I were you, I would go to look for him. If he were here, everything would be all right.,=If they were here now, they could help us.,Had you come earlier, you would have met him.,=If you had come e

9、arlier, you would have met him.,虚拟条件句中的省略：,非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without，but for等。 例如：But for his help, we would not be happy now. 要不是他的帮助，我们现在不会这样开心。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。 We di

10、dnt know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。,有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 省略从句 He would have finished it. You could have passed this exam. 省略主句 If I were at home now. If only I had got it.,特殊的虚拟语气词should:,1) 在主语从句中的应用 It is demanded/ nece

11、ssary/ a pity + that 等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should+ 动词原形，should可省略。,2) 在宾语从句中的应用 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order, suggest, propose, request, insist, demand, command, require+ （should）do等。,例如：I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should) be sent there.,一想要( desire)，一宁愿( prefe

12、r)，一坚持( insist)，二命令( order , command)，三建议( advise , suggest , propose/recommend)，四要求( demand , require , request , ask)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用： should + do。should可以省略。 例如：He suggested that we (should) take the teachers advice. He insisted that we (should) take the teachers advice. He demand that w

13、e (should) take the teachers advice. He ordered that we (should) take the teachers advice.,注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事”时，即它们表示为“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。,例句： Your pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.,Your pale face suggests that you are ill. （对）,I insisted that you (should) b

14、e wrong.,I insisted that you were wrong. （对）,（错）,（错）,3) 在表语从句、同位语从句中的应用 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即(should)+ 动词原形。,例如：My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the meeting. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,目的状语：,1、在

15、for fear that, in case，lest等引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + do。并且should能省略。 She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in. He started out earlier lest he (should) be late.,2、在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / could / may / might / will / would / should + do。 He goes

16、closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。,wish的用法,1) wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：,注意: 如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。,例句： We wish he didnt smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。

17、 I wished I hadnt spent so much money. 但愿我并没有造成太多破费。I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。 I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。 I wish the train would come. 我希望火车会来。,2) wish to do; wish sb./sth. to do.,例如：I wish to see the manager.,=I want to see the manager.,I wish the manager to be inform

18、ed at once.,=I want the manager to be informed at once.,比较if only 和 only if:,only if 表示“只有”；if only 则表示“如果就好了”。 If only 也可用于陈述语气。,例如：I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. If only the alarm clock had rung. If only he comes early.,一般 would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使

19、用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：,would rather:,例句：Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。 Id rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。 Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿。,It is (high) time that:,表示：“早该做某事了”时，用结构：It is (high) time that 后面的定语从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should+ 动词原形，但should不可省略。,例如：It is time

20、 that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed.,need“不必做”和“本不必做”,didnt need to do 表示过去不必做某事，事实上也没做。,例如：John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home.,so she neednt have walked back home.,neednt have done 表示过去不必做某事，但事实上做了。,

21、（1）说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为： would / could / might / should +do。,简单句中的虚拟语气:,例句：Would you mind me shutting the door? 你介意我把门关起来吗？ You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。 I should agree with you. 我本该同意你的观点。（委婉的不同意）,（2）表示“祝愿”时，常用 may +主语+ do。 eg：May you have a good journey! 祝