被动语态 - 副本.ppt

1、Unit 9 When was it invented?,第五课时,语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。 英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。,主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。 如： Many students study English.(主动语态) English is studied by many students. (被动语态),语态,表格：被动态基本结构,am/is/are done,was/were done,am/is/are being done,was/were being done,shall/will/be going to be

2、done,would be done,have/has been done,had been done,被动语态的结构,助动词be+及物动词的过去分词,不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构,1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：,by many students.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,1.Many students study English.,English,is studied,2.They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,are made,by them,in that factory.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。,2.

3、把主动语态的谓语变为被动语态的谓语。,3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by 短语。（ by短语可以省。 by短语 后跟代词的宾格。）,by the teacher.,3.The teacher often asks him questions.,He,is asked,questions,They play football on Sunday. Lucy does the homework in the evening. They often use computers in class. We make these machines in Beijing.,Football is pla

4、yed by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Computers are often used by them in class.,These machines are made in Beijing.,1. They bought ten computers last term,by them last term.,2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：,was/were +过去分词,last year.,2.We planted many trees last year.,Many trees,were pl

5、anted,Ten computers,were bought,They built the tall building last year. . We cleaned our classroom just now. They used this room for resting.,The tall building was built by them last year.,Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.,This room was used for resting by them.,3.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：,can/may/must

6、/should + be+过去分词,1.Amy can take good care of Gina ,by Amy.,Gina,can be taken good care of,2.You should drink more water.,More water,should be drunk,by you.,1.He can take care of the baby. 2.Lucy may draw the pictures. 3.You must turn off the lights. 4.They should learn English well.,The baby can be

7、 taken care of by him.,The picture may be drawn by Lucy.,The lights must be turned off by you.,English should be learned well by them.,1.We should allow teenagers to choose their own clothes. 2. Many people speak English. 3. They sold out the tickets about heroes. 4. Many people watched Lucky 52 on

8、TV. 5. People plant rice in South China.,Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. English is spoken by many people. The tickets about heroes were sold out by them. Lucky 52 was watched by many people on TV. Rice is planted in South China.,exercise,The telephone _(invent) by Bell in 1

9、876. The trees may _(plant) in spring. Teenagers should not _(allow) to drive. English _(speak) in Canada. Math must _ (study) well.,exercise,Finish the sentences,was invented,be planted,be allowed,is spoken,be studied,4.一般将来时的被动语态结构：,will be+过去分词,1.They will finish the work in ten days.,by them in

10、ten days.,The work,will be finished,2.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.,The room,will be cleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,We will hold a sports meeting next week. Children will take some photos in the school tomorrow. The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.,A sports meeting will be held by us next w

11、eek.,Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.,A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.,6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构,have / has been 过去分词,1.We have made twenty more keys,by us.,Twenty more keys,have been made,2.We have finished our compositions.,Our compositions,have been finish

12、ed,by us.,把下列句子变成被动语态: A car knocked him down yesterday. 2）When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree,A fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.,He was knocked down by a car yesterday,Practice,4)Well put on the play next Sunday 5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our s

13、chool 6)They have completed the railway.,The play will be put on next Sunday,A new teaching building is being built by workers in our school,The railway has been completed by them,7. A lot of people in China can speak English now . （同上） English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now. 8. I have learne

14、d English for about two years. （同上） English _ _ _ for about two years. 9. They will publish these story-books next month. （同上） These story-books _ _ _ next month.,can be spoken,has been learned,will be published,被动语态,被动语态的几种特殊类型（一）,如：1.He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. A book was given t

15、o me by Tom. 2.He buys me an mp5. I am bought an mp5 by him. An mp5 is bought for me by him.,1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.,常见的接双宾语的动词有: to: pass, give, teach, show, bring, hand for: make, buy, draw, sing, get,以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样； 以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for.,（以I做主语）,（以物book作主语）,（以人当主语）,（以物作主语）,被动语态的几种特殊类型（二）,即feel

16、 , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加to，但变被动句时必须加to.,1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.,He,was seen,to play basketball last Sunday.,2.We heard them sing in the classroom.,They,were heard,to sing in the classroom.,3.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态,在变成被动语态时，不能去掉的

17、介词或副词.,They take good care of my child. I turned off the radio.,4.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,My child is taken good care of .,The radio was turned off (by me),动词短语的被动语态 take care of be taken care of cut down be cut down laugh at be laughed at look afterbe looked after,1。动词 (表示主语的属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/s

18、moothly),用主动式表被动义。,read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock, open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,The books _ well A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being sold This kind of cloth _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed,B,C,主动式表被动义,2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。,difficul

19、t,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good, comfortable,light,heavy,safe,The fish is not fit _(eat) We find English is hard _ (learn) The article is difficult _ (understand).,to eat,to learn,to understand,3.不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。,I have a lot of homework _(do) Ill give him some books

20、 _ (read),to do,to read,表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。,4表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。 (look,sound,feel,smell,taste, prove, appear,make,.) The steel feels cold,5 表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。 (begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut, move,run,.) The shop opens at 6 am. every day,表示主语的属性特征的动词+副词well/ badly/ea

21、sily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义,6. 作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。 Your jacket needs washing/ to be washed,Quiz 1,Quiz 1 1. The steel _ cold A. is felt B. was feeling C. feels D. is being felt 2. His plan _ good A. has sounded B. is sounding C. is sounded D. sounds,C,D,Quiz 2,Quiz

22、 2 The shop _ at 6 am. every day A. opens B. opened C. is opened D. is opening Work _ at 7 pm. today A. ends B. ended C. was ended D. had ended,A,B,The pen _ smoothly A. was wrote B. writes C. has writing D. is written This coat _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed,Quiz 3,B,C,

23、Your jacket needs _(wash) The house requires _ (repair),Quiz 4,washing,repairing,The fish is not fit _(eat) We find English difficult _ (learn),Quiz 5,to eat,to learn,I have much homework _ (do) Ill give the boy some books _(read),Quiz 6,to do,to read,Correcting mistake,2.Correct the mistake(s) in e

24、ach sentence if any: 1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball 2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university 3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?,was sent,will last,were hurt,4)A fire was broken out last ni 6)The large building that is now built will be a hospital,is now

25、being built,broke out,7)Class is begun at 7:30 every day 8)His plan is sounded good 9)Your coat needs being washed,begins,sounds,to be washed / washing,1.An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week Aare to be held B. is to be held C. are holding Dwill hold,Multiple choice,B,2. Im sorry,sirY

26、our recorder isnt ready yetIt _ in the factory is being repaired is repaired has been repaired hasnt been repaired,A,4The question he asked is hard _ A. for answer B. to answer Cto be answered D. answering,B,5In warm weather, fruit and meat _ long cannot be kept dont keep mustnt keep is not kept,A,6

27、He received a telegram _: “Mother ill” Awritten B. reading C. said D. writing,B,7. -Did you hand him the letter yesterday? -No, I _ to him brought it took it had it sent carried it,C,8Alice had a dress _ last week Amade B. make C. to be made D. to make,A,9The teacher couldnt make him _ attention to

28、because the students were so noisy. pay paid to pay to be paid,B,10.-When will the lecture begin? -When the students _ Ahave sat Bsat down Cwill sit Dare seated,D,填空（完成被动语态填空） 1. They often clean their classroom after school . （改为被动语态） Their classroom _ often _ by them after school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上） A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week .,is,cleaned,was given to,Practice,6. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (济南市中考题） another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态 7.People th