高考英语专题--定语从句考点.ppt

1、Deal with Attributive Cluase hands down,一个句子充当定语称之为定语从句。被修饰限定的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。定语从句可分为两种，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。,基本概念,关系词,关系代词,关系副词,that which whom as whose,when why,who,where,正确使用关系 词,主语 宾语 表语 定语,状语,指 代,人或物,功 能,指 代,时间 地点 原因,功 能,(只有that,why不能引导非限制性从句),定语从句中只使用that的情形：,Testing Point 1,在以下几种场

2、合只能用that,A.先行词(指物)本身是不定代词或先行词被不定 代词修饰All that can be done has been done. B.先行词兼有指人和指物的名词 C.先行词(指物)被 the very, the only, the next, the last 等修饰 D.先行词(指物)被形容词最高级和序数词修饰 This is the best TV that is made in China. E. 当主句是which/who引导的特殊疑问句 Who that you have ever seen can do it better ?,有哪些情况关系代词不用that，而用w

3、hich，who，whom?,Testing Point 2,1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom.,He made the same mistakes again ,_ made his parents very angry. Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan . Mr Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again. My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent m

4、et for a long time.,which,which,who,whom,Fill in the blanks,1.Her bag ,in which she put all her money, has been stolen. 2.This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars. 3.Xiao Wang ,with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed himself very much.,2、在介词后面，指事物用 which，指人用whom.,Prep.+which/whom 的用法：,Testi

5、ng Point 3,1. The girl _ whom he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. 2. He is the man _ whom I think you can depend . 3. He referred to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.,方法1.看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配,for,on,with,Fill in the blanks,方法2.看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭配,1.He made

6、a hole in the wall, _ which he could see what was going on outside the house. 2.The librarian _whom I just shook hands works heart and soul.,through,with,方法3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配,1.The rate _ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased. 2.This is our classroom ,_（在前面） which there is a teache

7、rs desk.,at,in the front of,名词/代词/数词+ of+which/whom 用法,Tips:,1.The committee consists of 20 members and5 of them are women. 2.The book contains 50 poems, and most of them were written in 1930s. 3.I have a sentence ,and the meaning of it I dont understand.,The committee consists of 20 members ,5 of w

8、hom are women.,The book contains 50 poems, most of which were written in 1930s.,I have a sentence , the meaning of which I dont understand.,Rewrite the following sentences,whose 在定语从句中的使用,Testing Point 4,whose表示所属关系,The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.,whose,There are in this c

9、lass 20 students, _ are different. A.whose backgrounds B.the backgrounds of whom C.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose,什么情况下使用 when, where, why?,Testing Point 5,1. 先行词是表示地点,时间,原因的名词或含有地点,时间,原因意义的抽象名词，用来引导定语从句.when ,where, why在从句中作状语 相当于相应的介词+which,2. 若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,The

10、 library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.,This is the town _I spent my childhood.,where/in which,which/that,Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park. Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you.,when/on which,which/that,This is the reason _ I didnt come here.,why / for which,Th

11、e reason _ she gave was not true.,which/that,辨析填空,as 和 which 的区别：,Testing Point 6,as引导的限制性定语从句,此时先行词前常被such,the same, so,as 修饰， 即构成suchas , the same as, soas, asas 结构，做题时容易 忽略。 提示：在做有关定语从句题目时，如果选项中 出现as, 请先考虑是否考查as 引导的定语 从句。,as 作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语.,1、用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的

12、内容，as 和which 可以换用。He left her, as/ which was strange.2、as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。As everyone knows, Tom is good at English.3、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as 作主语。as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ discussed等。As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.4、as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的含

13、义，因此，下列句式中多用as:,as is well known/ is known to all as has been said before as has been already pointed out as we all can see as is expected/ hoped/ supposed,. as is often the case ,as引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有,众所周知,如前所述,正如已经指出的,正如我们所看到的,正如所盼望的/ 希望的/料想的,情况常常如此,5、which 引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。The decision wa

14、s right, which was exactly what he wanted. 6、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting. 7、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语带有宾语，有的还带宾语补足语。That things improved, which astonished me. 8、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。He

15、 was married again, which was unexpected.,1.定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性。试比较： He is the only one of the students who was here just now. He is one of the students who were here just now. 2.定语从句与并列结构。试比较： He has two sons, neither of whom looks like him. He has two sons, and neither of them looks like him.,Testin

16、g Point 7 定语从句的注意事项以及与其他句型的区别：,3、是用the one还是用that , which, where. （1）Is this school _ you study?（2）Is this the school _ you study in? （3）Is this the school _ you study?（4）Is this school _ is a senior one?A. that/whichB. whereC. the oneD. the one whereE. the one that / which 遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表

17、语。若缺表语，则必须用the one的形式，接着再看the one在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the one (that/ which),D,A,B,E,4、是用when还是用that, which （1）May 1 is the day _ we spent together. （2）May 1 is the day _i joined the army.A. that/ whichB. when当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用when, 若作主语或宾语时，就用that/ which.,A,B,5. where引导的定语

18、从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。如： 1)Ive come to the point where I cant stand him. 2)Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 在这两句中，where 引导的定语从句分别 修饰point和situation, 表示抽象意义“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。同类的词语还有case, position, stage;以及注意occasion后接when。,6、定语从句与强调结构的

19、区别（1）It was in this house _ he was born. （2）It was this house _ he was born.（3）It was in the house _ he used to live in that the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉it is /was that, 若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。,B,A,C,7、定语从句与其他从句的区别 （1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是

20、定语从句，试比较： You should leave the toy where you can find. I still remember the bus stop where / at which I met you. （2）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。试比较 He is such a kind person as everybody likes. He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.,3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连

21、接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。试比较： The news that he had been back surprised us all. The news (that) he told us surprised us all. 8、way 后面的定语从句（用that/ in which 或省略）： Please tell me the way (that/ in which) you did the job.,Testing Point 8,from which 与 from where 的区别：,Soon after get

22、ting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second storey windows, from where he could see nothing but trees. 下马不久，上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了。他从那里除了树木什么也没看到。(引导定语从句) 划线部分相当于, and from at the windows不可变为from which，直接用where不如用from where更具体。,The car stopped suddenly only a few inches from where I stood. （引导状语从句）

23、这里的划线部分中where引导的是宾语从句，与from一起作地点状语从句。 Where is the book from which you quoted this sentence? =Where is the book which you quoted this sentence from? 你是从哪本书上引用的句子？ from which中的which指代句子中具体的物，而from where是从某个地方。,look over there! Some people are standing under the big tree, _ you can enjoy the whole vie

24、w. A.which B.from which C where D from where 分析:where 代表 under the tree 这个地方，如果用 which 就只能代表 the big tree, 这句话的意思不是Enjoy the whole view from the big tree. 而是 from under the big tree.介词后接介词短语的例子还是常见的.实际上这个句子完整的应该是You can enjoy the whole view from the place under the big tree. the place 被省略了。 该句属于定语从句

25、。,2010年高考真题练习,Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet _life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose24. 答案：B考点：定语从句解析：先行词为planet，表示地点，故用where。,Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _I met in the English speech contest last

26、year. A. who B. where C. when D. which 答案：A考点：考查定语从句。解析：该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students，且在从句中作met的宾语，故选关系代词who，即A项。,The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what 答案：A考点：考察定语从句。解析：先行词为centre, she would stay for

27、an hour 不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。,Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen.A. that B. which C. whose D. What 答案：C考点：本题考查定语从句的引导词。解析：句意应为“那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用，所以使用whose。,Wind power is an ancient source of energy _we may return in the near future.A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 答案：C考点：此处考查的是介词加疑问词引导从句解析：考察介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy whichthatwe may return to in the near future.,Can you