定语从句的翻译2.ppt

1、定语从句的翻译2,表状语（adverbial)意义的定语从句,In a dispute between two states with which one is friendly,try not to get involved. 在两国发生争端时，如与该两国皆友好，则应避免卷入。（表条件）。 Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity , offers very little resistance. 铜的电阻很小，因此被广泛用于输电。（表结果）,英语中有些定语从句在逻辑上对主句起着状语的作用,说明原因,目的,结果,条件和让步

2、等等关系.汉译时应从原文的字里行间审定这些逻辑关系,然后译成汉语相应的偏正复句. The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships , which require assistance of tugboats. 罢工使远洋轮不能靠岸,因为靠岸需要拖船的帮助 Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries , who will negotiate trade agreement with the respective government. 中国派出贸易代表

3、团前往非洲各国,以便与这些国家的政府商谈贸易协定 My uncle , who will be seventy tomorrow , is still a keen sportsman . 尽管我大伯明天就满70岁了,但他仍然热衷于户外运动,The manager was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from. My father,who thought it might not work,supported me. This company,which wan

4、ts to get their new product sold well in the market,is trying hard to perfect its packing and workmanship. A new product which has beautiful packing,good quality and advertising may very likely be a hit in market.,经理只宴请了几个人，因为他特别想和这些人谈谈，听听他们的意见。 尽管父亲认为这个办法可能不会起作用，但还是支持我。 为了使新产品在市场热销，这个公司正在全力改进工艺和外包装

5、。 一种新产品，只要包装精美，质量过硬，宣传得力，就能在市场中热销。,译成独立句:有时定语从句的位置在主句中的位置很难安排得当，可考虑主从关系融合，将原文重新组织。,It has long been my wish to encounter one of the oldest civilizations in earth .I have come amidst you from Egypt ,On the banks of the Nile ,which also has a most ancient civilization . 我一直向往着要同世界最古老的文明会晤。尼罗河畔的埃及也有着最古

6、老的文明，我正是从那里来到你们中间。 Youve given Feldstyn ,who dislikes me any how ,the chance he was waiting for . 费尔德丁反正讨厌我，你给他的机会正是他求之不得的。,另外，在英语中常常会把需要强调的内容放于句首，而汉语中却习惯把附加性说明的定语部分翻译成后置型的并列分句，以求在形式上突出主句的内容。,She suddenly thought of her husband, who had left her and their children behind and had never been heard of.

7、 他丈夫早就抛弃了妻儿一直杳无音信，现在她突然想起了他。 The men suddenly awakened to the fact that there were beauty and significance in these trifles, which they had so long trodden carelessly beneath their feet. 以前，它们一直被这些人漫不经心地踩在脚下，现在这些人突然意识到这些小玩意儿的美丽和意义了。,Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment

8、 where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 行为主义者的看法是，如果一个儿童在有许多刺激因素的环境里长大，而这些刺激因素能够开发其相应的反映能力，那么这个儿童将会有更好的智力发展。,President Kennedy wanted people who raised questions,who criticized,on whose judgment he co

9、uld rely, who presented an intelligent point of view,regardless of their rank or viewpoint. 肯尼迪总统需要提问题的人、能提批评意见的人、做出可靠判断的人以及能提出明智看法的人，而不管他们的级别的高低和观点的异同。,Smart cards,which can carry as much as 80 times more information on them than conventional cards with a magnetic stripe,are already widely used in

10、European countries where centralized banks can roll out new services on a nationwide basis. 要点 本句为简单复合句。句架为Smart cards， which ， are already widely used in European countries where。which为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰smart cards；where 为关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰countries.nationwide：全国范围内的。roll out：本意为“展开（卷起之物）”，此处为引申义，指展开工作

11、。 译文 智能卡载有的信息量是普通磁卡信息载量的80多倍，已经在欧洲各国广泛使用，因而使欧洲各国中央银行得以在全国范围展开新型的服务。,How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 要点 本句含有一个主语从句How well the predi

12、ction will be validated by later performance和一个定语从句with which it is interpreted.定语从句中it 指代prediction，该定语从句修饰the skill and wisdom.在翻译时主语从句用分译法，定语从句用合译法。validate：使有效；使有充分根据。 译文 预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，还取决于用来解释预测的技巧和智慧。,We may define chemistry as the science in which we deal with the che

13、mical change in matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance. 要点 本句中有两个由which引导的定语从句：第一个定语从句的先行词是science，而不是chemistry;第二个定语从句的先行词是chemical change,而不是result或matter. 译文 我们可以说，化学是论述物质化学变化的科学，通过化学变化可能获得新的物质。,.“In short”, a leader of the new school attends, “the scientific revolutio

14、n, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.” However, iceberg water could be extremely cheap for some countries when compared with desalination, a process which requires much more fuel and much more money. Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist. In office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or