跨文化交际教程Unit7.ppt

1、Intercultural Communication,Lecture 7 : Cultural Shock and Cultural Conflict,Review,The lifecycle of a group Stage one : Forming Stage two : Storming Stage three : Norming Stage four : Performing Cutural Variations in Negotiation Styles Cultural Variations in Conducting Business Cultural Variations

2、in Selecting Negotiators Cutural Variations in Decision-making,Questions for Discussion,Do you still remember the barriers in intercultural communication ? According to what we have learnt in the former lectures, can you guess what does “culture conflict or culture shock” mean ? Can you give us some

3、 examples to explain these two concepts ?,The Main Content,Culture Conflict Definition The factors that influence the culture conflict Classifications Culture Shock Feelings of Culture Shock Symptoms of Cultural Shock Curing Culture Shock,Warm-up case 1: Participation or Order-taking (AB: American B

4、oss; G: Greek),AB: How long will it take you to finish this report ? (I asked him to participate) G: (His behavior makes no sense. He is the boss. Why doesnt he tell me ?) I dont know. How long should it take ? (I asked him for an order) AB:(He refused to take responsibility.)You are in the best pos

5、ition to analyze time requirement. (I press him to take responsibility for his own actions) G: (What nonsense! Id better give him an answer.) Ten days. AB:(He lacks the ability to estimate time; this time I am totally inadequate) Take fifteen. Is it agreed you will do it in fifteen days ? (I offer a

6、 contract),In fact, the report needed thirty days of regular work. So the Greek worked day and night, but at the end of the fifteenth day, he will needed one more days work. AB: Where is the report ? (I am making sure he fulfills his contract.) G: It will be ready to tomorrow. AB: But we had agreed

7、it would be ready today. (I must teach him to fulfill a contract.) G: (The stupid boss! Not only did he give me wrong orders, but he does not appreciate that I did a thirty-day job in sixteen days.) The Greek hands in his resignation. The American is surprised. Questions: What are the causes of the

8、conflict between the American and the Greek? Come up with your suggestions to resolve the conflict.,Case2: The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict,At the heart of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a dispute over land and borders. The geography of the conflict revolves around the three territorial units o

9、f Israel, the West Bank and Gaza, defined by armistice line sdrawn after a war in the region in 1948. since then, military action, settlement and population growth have also shaped the situation on the ground. The ongoing conflict between Israel and the Palestinians is both simple to understand, yet

10、 deeply complex. At the heart of this conflict is a basic idea that both sides believe: The Iraelis believe that they are entitled to the land now known as Israel, while the Palestinians believe that they are entitled to the land they call Palestine.,Unfortunately, both sides claim the same land; th

11、ey simply call the land by different names. For religious Jewish Israelis and religious Muslim Palestinians, the belief is deeper still, for both sides believe that God (called Jehovah by the Jews and Allah by the muslims), gave them the land, and that to give it away or to give it up to another peo

12、ple is an insult to God and a sin. Questions: What is the core of the ongoing conflict between the Arabs and Israelis? Based on your research, whom do you view as the rightful owners of the land in question? Make some research to find the information about the peace-making process of the Middle East

13、.,Culture Conflict,Conflict refers to situations described by an expressed struggle between two or more interdependent parties with apparent incompatible goals, limited resources, and a perception of interference.,Conditions that will affect a conflict,According to what we have learnt, what kind of

14、conditions do you think that will affect a conflict ?,According to Morton Deutsch,The conditions that will affect a conflict are: The individuals values, motivations, aspirations, objectives, physical, intellectual and social resources and individual beliefs about conflict. Their prior relationship

15、to one another their attitudes, beliefs, and expectations about each other, and degree of trust. The nature of the conflict, including its extent, severity, and its significance to both parties. The social environment where the conflict occurs, as well as any outside encouragements or deterrents.,e.

16、 Any other involved parties to the conflict including the relationships to the parties, and their interests in the conflict. f. The strategy and tactics in use by the parties including their legitimacy or illegitimacy, the use of positive and negative incentives, use of force or the freedom of choic

17、e, sincerity of communication and the sharing of information, the degree of creditability, and of commitment. g. The outcome the conflict will have on the individuals as well as the other interested parties including any benefit or loss, short-term or long-term effects, or the effects the outcome wi

18、ll have on the reputations of the parties.,Two Classifications of Culture Conflict,Destructive Conflict It has a tendency to develop and spiral out of proportion. Such conflict often become separated from the initial cause and is likely to go on even after the original conflict has become irrelevant

19、. Constructive Conflict The constructive view of conflict refers to parties that although are involved in conflict, are open to new ideas and willing to learn new ways.,The Conflict from an Intercultural Perspective,Each cultures way of perceiving and dealing with conflict reflects its value system.

20、 In the United States, there is a belief that conflict is part of competition and “self-expression” . In the Middle East, people perceive conflict as a natural way of life. People are expected to have intense feelings on many issues and to express those feelings in an animated manner. Greeks have an

21、 expressive approach to conflict and are proud of their long tradition of argumentation and debate.,For the Japanese, conflict is seen as interpersonally embarrassing and distressing since it potentially disrupts social harmony. The Chinese feel more comfortable using avoidance or compromise tactics

22、 when faced with a conflict situation. Brazilian culture values friendships in both business and social interactions, conflict is seen as something to be avoided. Germans do not engage in direct face-to-face conflict. They avoid it by maintaining formality and social distance.,How to deal with these

23、 conflicts ?,Identify the Contentious issues We need to discover what is at the core of the disagreement. Keep an Open Mind We need to point out the advantages of trying to see things from another point of view and remaining open to the other persons position. Do not Rush We must learn to slow down

24、the entire negotiation process when conflict arises.,Keep the Conflict Centered on Ideas, not People It is important to separate the propositions from the people. We should focus on solving the problem that created the conflict. Develop Techniques for Avoiding Conflict Learning to use collective pro

25、nouns can help defuse conflict; Repeat the other persons comments as objectively as possible so that you can determine if you actually heard what they meant to communicate; Try to state as many points of agreement as possible.,Culture Shock,You step into a new cultural world. Everything around you i

26、s new. You begin to adapt. But this process takes time. Its a bidirectional process. What does “Culture Shock” mean ? What are the differences between “Culture Conflict” and “Culture Shock” ?,Feelings of Culture Shock,Familiar signs and symbols are lost (culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety

27、that results from losing all familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse); Familiar cues are removed (He is like a fish out of water); All cultures are not exactly the same(one mans meat is another mans poison).,Stages of Culture Shock,The Honeymoon Stage The first stage is called the “honeymoo

28、n” stage, as everything encountered is new and exciting. The Hostility Stage The initial excitement is taken place by frustration with the daily bureaucracy and the weariness of speaking and listening to another language every day. The Recovery Stage The new arrivals start feeling more positive and recover from the symptoms of the former stage and adjust themselves to the new culture.,The Adjustment Stage People realize that the new culture has good and bad things to offer. And they ha