高中英语阅读理解(附答案、解析、翻译)

1、passage 1there are stories about two us . presidents，andrew jackson and martin van buren，which attempt to explain the american english term okwe dont know if either story is true，but they are both interesting the first explanation is based on the fact that president jackson had very little education

2、in fact，he had difficulty reading and writingwhen important papers came to jackson，he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they saidif he approved of a paperhe would write“all correct”on itthe problem was that he didnt know how to spellso what he really wrote was“ol korekt”aft

3、er a while，he shortened that term to“ok” the second explanation is based on the place where president van buren was born，kinderhook，new yorkvan bnrens friends organized a club to help him become president they caned the club the old kinderhook club，and anyone who supported van buren was called“ok”31

4、the author a. believes both of the stories bdoesnt believe a word of the stories cis not sure whether the stories are true d. is telling the stories just for fun32. according to the passage，president jackson acouldnt draw up any documents at all b. didnt like to read important papers by himselfcofte

5、n had his assistants sign documents for him d .wasnt good at reading，writing or spelling33according to the first story, the term “ok” a. was approved of by president jackson bwas the title of some official documents cwas first used by president jackson dwas an old way to spell“all correct34 .accordi

6、ng to the second story，the termok” awas the short way to sayold kinderhook club” bmeant the place where president van buren was born cwas the name of van burens club dwas used to call van burens supporters in the election35according to the second storythe term“ok”was first used _ aby van buren bin a

7、 presidential electioncto organize the old kinderhook club dby the members of theold kinderhook club”passage 2although the united states covers so much land and the land produces far more food than the present population needs，its people are by now almost entirely an urban society less than a tenth

8、of the people are engaged in agriculture and forestry(林业)，and most of the rest live in or around towns，small and largehere the traditional picture is changing：every small town may still be very like other small towns，and the typical small town may represent a widely accepted view of the country，but

9、most americans do not live in small towns any morehalf the population now lives in some thirty metropolitan areas(1arge cities with their suburbs、of more than a million people eacha larger proportion than in germany or england，let alone francethe statistics(统计)of urban and rural population should be

10、 treated with caution because so many people who live in areas classified as rural travel by car to work in a nearby town each dayas the rush to live out of town continuesrural areas within reach of towns are gradually filled with houses，so that it is hard to say at what moment a piece of country be

11、comes a suburb but more and more the typical american lives in a metropolitan rather than a small town environment36if now america has 250 million peoplehow many of them are engaged in agriculture and forestry? aabout 25 million bmore than 25 million cless than 25 million d. less than 225 million37w

12、hich of the following four countries has the smallest proportion of people living in metropolitan areas? aunited states bgermany cfrancedengland38whats the meaning of the word“metropolitan”in the middle of the passage? a .of a large city with its suburbs bof small and large towns cof urban areas dof

13、 rural areas39 according to the passage，what can we learn about small towns in the united states? a most small towns become gradually crowded bsmall towns are still similar to each other cas the traditional picture is changing，towns are different d .small towns are turning into large cities40why is

14、it hard to say when a piece of country becomes a suburb? abecause they are the same bbecause the rush takes place too quickly cbecause the process is gradual dbecause more and more americans live in metropolitan areaspassage 3 if we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago，we should probably

15、 have to say that we could not remember but if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day，we should be able to give an answer to the question. it is the same in history many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them sometimes men d

16、id keep a record of the most important happenings in their country，but often it was destroyed by fire or in a warsometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to writefor example，we know a good deal about the people who lived in china

17、4，000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after thembut we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central africa because they had not learned to write sometimesof course，even if the people cannot write，they may know somethin

18、g of the pastthey have heard about it from older people，and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings，and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations for most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the pastthis we may call reme

19、mbered historysome of it has now been written down. it is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is，because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writingbut where there are no written records，such spoken stories are often very helpfu

20、l41. which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage? a“remembered history”，compared with written history，is less reliable bwritten records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history ca written account of our daily activities helps us to be able to ans

21、wer many questions dwhere there are no written recordsthere is no history42we know very little about the central africa 200 years ago because _ athere was nothing worth being written down at that time b .the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record cthe written records were perhaps de

22、stroyed by a fire dthe people there did not know how to write43“remembered history”refers to _ ahistory based on a persons imagination b .stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth c .songs and dances about the most important events d .both b and c44“remembered history”is regard

23、ed as valuable only when _. a. it is written down b .no written account is available cit proves to be time dpeople are interested in it45 .the passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than wedo now if the ancient people had _akept a written record of every past event b. n

24、ot burnt their written records in warsctold exact stories of the most important happenings dmade more songs and dancespassage4 when mrsjoseph groeger died recently in vienna，austria，people asked the obvious，“why did she live to be 107?”answers were provided by a survey conducted among 148 viennese m

25、en and women who had reached the age of 100somewhat surprising was the fact that the majority had lived most of their lives in citiesin spite of the citys image as an unhealthy place，city living often provides benefits that country living can lackone factor seems to be important to the longevity(长寿)

26、of those interviewed this factor is exercisein the cities it is often faster to walk short distances than to wait for a buseven taking public transportation often requires some walkingsmaller apartment houses have no elevators(电梯)，and so people must climb stairscity people can usually walk to local

27、supermarkets since parking spaces are hard to find，there is often no alternative to walkingon the other hand，those who live in the country and suburbs do not have to walk every dayin fact，the opposite is often trueto go to school，work，or almost anywhere else，they must ride in cars31the vienna survey

28、 may help to explain _ athe complaints of people in apartment houses bthe cause of mrs groegers death cthe longevity of people like mrsgroeger d. the image of cities in general32the purpose of the second paragraph is to list some _ abenefits of walking boccasions for walking in city life c. comments

29、 made by city people dproblems of city living33to reach the third floor of a buildingit would probably be most healthful _ a. to take the elevator bto walk up the stairs cto ride in a car dto find an alternative to walking34people who live in the country probably do more driving than walking because

30、 _ athey dont live near business areas b. they dont need the exercise cthey never have parking problems dthey cant afford to take the bus35 a conclusion that can be drawn from this passage is that _ aair pollution is not serious banyone can live to be 107 ccountry people should move to the city dwal

31、king is a healthful exercisepassage 5for any englishman，there can never be any discussion as to who is the worlds greatest dramatist(剧作家)only one name can possibly suggest itself to him：that of william shakespeare every englishman has some knowledge，however slight，of the work of our greatest writera

32、ll of us use words，phrases and quotations from shakespeares writings that have become part of the common property of the english-speaking peoplemost of the time we are probably unaware of the source of the words we used，rather like the old lady who was taken to see a performance of hamlet and compla

33、ined that it was full of wellknown proverbs and quotationsshakespeare，more perhaps than any other writer，makes full use of the great resources of the english languagemost of us use about five thousand words in our normal use of english；shakespeare in his works used about twenty-five thousandthere is

34、 probably no better way for a foreigner to appreciate the richness and variety of the english language than by studying the various ways in which shakespeare used itsuch a study is well worth the effort(it is not，of course，recommended to beginners)even though some aspects of english usage，and the me

35、aning of many words，have changed since shakespeares day36. english people _ahave never discussed who is the worlds greatest dramatistbnever discuss any issue concerning the worlds greatest dramatistcare sure who is the worlds greatest dramatistddo not care who is the worlds greatest poet and dramati

36、st37every englishman knows _ amore or less about shakespeare bshakespeare，but only slightly call shakespeares writings donly the name of the greatest english writer38which of the following is true? awe use all the words，phrases and quotations from shakespeares writings bshakespeares writings have be

37、come the property of those who are learning to speak english cit is likely to be true that people often do not know the origins of the words they use d all the words people use are taken from the writings of shakespeare39what does the word “proverb” mean? afamiliar sayings bshakespeares plays ccompl

38、aints dactors and actresses40why is it worthwhile to study the various ways in which shakespeare used english? aenglish words have changed a lot since shakespeares time bby doing so one can be fully aware of the richness of the english language c. english words are now being used in the same way as

39、in shakespeares time d. beginners may have difficulty learning some aspects of english usagepassage 6 trees are useful to man in three very important ways：they provide him wood and other products；they give him shade；and they help to prevent drought(干旱)and floods unfortunately，in many parts of the wo

40、rld，man has not realized that the third of these services is the most importantin his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees，he has cut them down in large numbers two thousand years ago，a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships，with which to gain itself an empire it gai

41、ned the empire but，without its trees，its soil became bare and poorwhen the empire fell to pieces，the country found itself faced by floods and starvation even where a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees，it is difficult sometimes to make the people realize thisthey cut do

42、wn the trees but are too careless to plant and look after new trees so，unless the government has a good system of control，or can educate the people，the forests slowly disappearthis does not only mean that there will be fewer treesthe results are even more serious：for where there are trees，their root

43、s break the soil up，allowing the rain to sink in， and also bind the soilthis prevents the soil from being washed awaybut where there are no trees，the rainfalls on hard ground and flows away on the surface，and this causes floods and the rain carries away the rich topsoil in which crops grow when a11

44、the topsoil is gonenothing remains but worthless desert41trees are useful to man mainly in three ways，the most important of which is that they can _a. keep him from the hot sunshine benable him to build warshipscmake him draw quick profit from them d .protect him from droughts and floods42its a grea

45、t pity that _aman is only interested in building empires bman is eager to profit from treescman hasnt realized the importance of trees to him d. man hasnt found out that he has lost all trees43sooner or later the forests will disappear _ a. unless a country has a plenty supply of trees bunless peopl

46、e stop cutting down their trees cunless ail people are taught the importance of planting trees dunless the government punishes those who cut trees instead of planting them44the word“bind”in paragraph 5 means“_” ato wash away bto make wet cto make stay together dto improve45. when there is a heavy ra

47、intrees can help to prevent floodsas they can. akeep rain from falling down to soft ground b，cause the soil to allow rainwater to sink incprevent the soil from being washed away d .make the topsoil stick togetherpassage 7 some of the notebooks george washington kept as a young man are still in exist

48、ence they show that he was learning latin，was very interested in the basics of good behavior in society，and was reading english literature at school he seems only to have been interested in mathematicsin fact，his formal education was surprisingly brief for a gentleman，and incomplete for unlike other

49、 young virginian of that day，he did not go to the college of william and mary in the virginian capital of williamsburgin terms of formal training then，washington contrasts sharply with some other early american presidents such as john adams，thomas jefferson and james madisonin later years，washington

50、 probably regretted his lack of intellectual training he never felt comfortable in a debate in congress(国会)，or on any subject that had not to do with everyday，practical matters and because he never learned french and could not speak directly to the french leaders，he did not visit the country he admi

51、red so muchthus，unlike jefferson and adams，he never reached europe31why didnt washington go to college? ahis family could not afford it b a college education was rather uncommon in his time che didnt like the young virginian gentlemen dthe author doesnt give any reason32washington felt uncomfortable

52、 in congress debates because he _ a1acked practice in public speaking bfelt his education was not good enough cdidnt like arguing and debating with people d felt that debating was like intellectual training33 the reason why washington didnt visit france was probably that he _ adidnt really care abou

53、t going bdidnt know french 1eaders ccouldnt communicate directly with the french leaders dwas too busy to navel34 according to the author _a washingtons lack of formal education placed him at a disadvantage in later lifebwashington should have gone to france even though he could not speak frenchcwas

54、hington was not as good a president as adams，jefferson or madisond washington was a model for all virginian gentlemen35the main idea of the passage is that washingtons education _ a was of great variety，covering many subjectsb was probably equal to those of most young gentlemen of his timecmay seem

55、poor by modern standardsbut was good enough for his timed was rather limited for a presidentpassage 8 like most people，1 was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting it was not until in my late thirties that 1 made this important discovery：giving-away makes life so much more exciting you

56、 need not worry if you lack money this is how 1 experimented with giving-awayif an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me，i step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeperone discovery i made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back，though the return often comes in all unexpected formone sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special