英美概况 下册

1、英语国家概况,The United States of America,Chapter 12,Education, Media and Holidays,Contents, Education, Media, Holidays and Festivals, Education,1. Ideals of American Education,2. Educational System,As many people as possible should have access to as much education as they want an outcome of the Americans

2、 assertions (主张、断言、声明) about equality equality in education does not mean that everyone receives the same education The Child placed in a lower-ability group does not receive the same education as one placed in a higher-ability group,1. Ideals of American Education,Producing a society of literacy an

3、d local control education governed by state and local governments, not by the national government; no national ministry of education each state has its own laws regulating education,1. Ideals of American Education,EFA education for all,Emphasis on the basic nature of knowledge and learning Scholars

4、and students should work to discover new information or conceive (构思、设计) new ways to understand what is already known; Learning is an enterprise of exploration, experimentation, analysis, and synthesis; The goal of education is to teach children how to learn and help them reach their maximum potenti

5、al.,1. Ideals of American Education,Education is both an individual benefit and a social necessity. Every American has the right and obligation to become educated.,1. Ideals of American Education,Education is both an individual benefit and a social necessity. Every American has the right and obligat

6、ion to become educated.,Quotations concerning education: Better be unborn than untaught, for ignorance is the root of misfortune. (Plato, Ancient Greek philosopher) Education is a progressive discovery of our ignorance. (Durant, American historian) The purpose of education is to replace an empty min

7、d with an open one. (Malcolm Forbes, American educator),2. Educational System,2.1 Elementary and Secondary Education,2.2 Higher Education,2.3 Famous Universities,2.4 Multicultural Education,Elementary and secondary educationthe basis of public education, free and compulsory, 12 grades One academic y

8、earfrom September through June Different divisions of school systems: elementary schoolone through eight high schoolnext four years elementary schoolone through six junior high schoolseven through nine senior high schoolten through twelve,2.1 Elementary and Secondary Education,Elementary education C

9、oursesreading, arithmetic, language arts, science, social studies, music, art, and physical education Class size20 to 30 students,2.1 Elementary and Secondary Education,Secondary education Two stages: junior high school and senior high school Courses: more specializedEnglish, social studies, algebra

10、, geometry, etc. Nine periods for a day: five for academic subjects one for physical education a lunch period two study periods visiting the library participating in extracurricular activity,2.1 Elementary and Secondary Education,2.1 Elementary and Secondary Education,A music class in a junior high

11、school,A classroom in a senior high school,No annual college entrance examination; applicants are chosen on the basis of the following 4 aspects:,2.1 Elementary and Secondary Education,The beginning of higher educationthe founding of Harvard College in 1636 a big enterprise with a complex system Fou

12、r categories of institutions: the university the four-year undergraduate institutionthe college technical training institution two-year community college,2.2 Higher Education,College establishing policies for administrators and faculty; approving the budget; the purchase and sale of real estate and

13、other major property items, etc.,College Life,An academic yearnine months two or three semesters, excluding the summer session a “break” of one week in each semester and a 30-day winter break Credits earned by attending lectures (or lab classes) and by successfully completing assignments and examina

14、tions one creditone hour of class per week in a single course a course may last 10 to 16 weeksa semester,Study in college,Group work,Discussion and debate,Living accommodationsnot enough residence halls modern and fashionable, but limited and small in space,College Life,Part-time working to earn tui

15、tion and living expenses as a librarian or a waiter in a restaurant a stock keeper in a supermarket,Sportssignificant in university life footballmost popular football and basketball scholarships students as athletics or “jocks” (大学运动员) receive free tuition and other financial assistance Students org

16、anizationsclubs and activities help students become successful when pursuing hobbies art, music, drama, debate foreign languages, photography volunteer work,College Life,Among all American universities, is there anyone that leaves you the deepest impression, and why? Would you please compare America

17、n universities with Chinese ones?,2.3 Famous Universities,Warming-up:,Ivy Leagueincluding eight universities (Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Pennsylvania, Princeton, and Yale) Stanley Woodward, a New York Herald Tribune sports writer, coined the phrase in the early thirties.,2.3 Famou

18、s Universities,Harvard,Princeton,Yale,Columbia,Pennsylvania,Cornell,Dartmouth,Brown,Harvard University,The oldest institution of higher learning in America comprehensive university that mainly grants degrees engaged in scientific research established in 1636 named after John Harvardits first benefac

19、tor (捐助者),School badgeVERITAS (Latin): truth “以柏拉图 (Plato)为友，以亚里士多德 (Aristotle) 为友，更要以真理(truth) 为友” Three Lies of the Harvard Statue,Harvard University,Outstanding academic achievements 7 presidents John Adams, John Q. Adams Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt Rutherford B. Hayes, John F. Kennedy Geo

20、rge W. Bush more than 40 Nobel laureates,Harvard University,Yale University,Founded in 1701 as the Collegiate School (联合学院) in Killingworth, Connecticut Renamed Yale College in 1718 after the donator Elihu Yale Became Yale University in 1887 The third oldest institution of higher education in Americ

21、a,3 major academic components: Yale College (the undergraduate program) the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences ten professional schools A wide array of research organizations, libraries, museums, administrative and support offices The Skull not enough to eat; many people died. In the following sum

22、mer, Native Americans showed them crops safe to eat and how to plant them, so they had a good harvest.,1. Thanksgiving,Traditional dinner turkey (filled with stuffing or dressing) sweet potatoes (also called yams) Cranberries made into a kind of sauce or jelly,1. Thanksgiving,Special TV programs and sports events Macys Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York Thanksgivingthe beginning of the Christmas season,1. Thanksgiving,2. Independence Day,The national daythe 4th of J