英语简单句五大基本句型.ppt

1、A,1,湖,南,幼,专,英语简单句,语言文学系 主讲：胡桂兰,五 大 基 本 句 型,A,2,分析英语简单句五大基本句型，是解读英语句子和构造英语句子的基础。因为英语中各种复杂的句子均是由这五种基本句型扩大、组合、省略或倒装等形式变化而来。,A,3,1. 学英语很重要。 2. 今天天气好。,先看看怎么翻译这两个句子吧！,A,4,1. 学英语很重要。 2. 今天天气好。,1. Studying English is very important. 2. It is fine today.,1. Study English very important. 2. Today weather very

2、 fine.,x,中文句子可以没有明显的谓语动词 英语的句子必须有谓语动词,可以这样翻译吗?,不行啦，英语的句子必须有谓语动词！像这样！,A,5,再看看这个句子的翻译吧！,3. She finished her homework.,A,6,A. 她完成了家庭作业。,C. 家庭作业，她完成了。,3. She finished her homework.,中文句子词语摆放位置较随意 英语的句子词语摆放位置更固定,B. 她把家庭作业完成了。,只能这样翻译吗?,不是啦，这样摆也无所谓！,A,7,回头看看刚才三句话：,A,8,学英语很重要。 2.今天天气好。 3.She finished her hom

3、ework.,To study English is very important. It is fine today. A. 她完成了家庭作业 B. 她把家庭作业完成了 C. 家庭作业，她完成了。,我们发现：,A,9,可以没有,必须有,我们发现：,学英语很重要。 2.今天天气好。 3.She finished her homework.,To study English is very important. It is fine today. A. 她完成了家庭作业 B. 她把家庭作业完成了 C. 家庭作业，她完成了。,A,10,可以没有,必须有,位置较随意,位置更固定,我们发现：,学英语很

4、重要。 2.今天天气好。 3.She finished her homework.,To study English is very important. It is fine today. A. 她完成了家庭作业 B. 她把家庭作业完成了 C. 家庭作业，她完成了。,A,11,归纳为一句话，就是：,英语是以动词为核心，有固定语序的语言,A,12,英语是以动词为核心，有 固定语序 的语言,fix-word-order,先看看这,固 定 语 序,A,13,fix-word-order,order,What order,order 语序 ！,先看看这,英语是以动词为核心，有 固定语序 的语言,固

5、定 语 序,A,14,What order?,看看描述这张春天图的几个句子吧！,找找英语句子最基本的语序。,A,15,1.Spring is coming. 2.The weather turns warm. 3.I see birds flying in the sky. 4.Spring brings me so much happiness. 5.I like spring.,What order?,A,16,What order?,predicate谓语,1.Spring is coming. 2.The weather turns warm. 3.I see birds flying

6、 in the sky. 4.Spring brings me so much happiness. 5.I like spring.,subject主语,A,17,What order?,1.Spring is coming. 2.The weather turns warm. 3.I see birds flying in the sky. 4.Spring brings me so much happiness. 5.I like spring.,subject主语,predicate谓语,A,18,What order?,1.Spring is coming. 2.The weathe

7、r turns warm. 3.I see birds flying in the sky. 4.Spring brings me so much happiness. 5.I like spring.,subject主语,predicate谓语,A,19,What order?,1.Spring is coming. 2.The weather turns warm. 3.I see birds flying in the sky. 4.Spring brings me so much happiness. 5.I like spring.,subject主语,predicate谓语,A,2

8、0,What order?,1.Spring is coming. 2.The weather turns warm. 3.I see birds flying in the sky. 4.Spring brings me so much happiness. 5.I like spring.,subject主语,predicate谓语,A,21,What order?,1.Spring is coming. 2. The weather turns warm. 3.I see birds flying in the sky. 4.Spring brings me so much happin

9、ess. 5.I like spring.,每个英语陈述句都有：主语+谓语 subject+predicate,A,22,回头看看刚才的重点：,A,23,英语是以动词为核心，有固定语序的语言,每个英语陈述句都有：主语+谓语,A,24,英语是以动词为核心，有固定语序的语言,每个英语陈述句都有：主语+谓语,等等！,谓语,谓语动词后面还有什么？,这怎么理解?,以动词为核心,A,25,1.Spring is coming. 2. The weather turns warm. 3.I see birds flying in the sky. 4.Spring brings me so much hap

10、piness. 5.I like spring.,后面什么也没有！Nothing！,也好长,一个名词，是like的对象,一个形容词，描述主语weather,好长一截,5句话情况各不相同啊！,谓语动词后面还有什么？,A,26,谓语动词后面还有什么？,5句话情况各不相同啊！,英语句子以动词为核心。也就是：谓语动词的类别，决定后面所接成分各不相同。,A,27,1. 能独立做谓语的动词有哪些类别？ 2. 后面都接些什么成分？,新问题！,英语句子以动词为核心。也就是：谓语动词的类别，决定后面所接成分各不相同。,A,28,1不及物动词(vi.) 不及物动词不能直接加宾语,能独立作谓语的动词有三类：,2系动

11、词(link v.) 后面跟表语构成完整意思,3及物动词(vt.) 及物动词必须加宾语,A,29,1不及物动词(vi.) 不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如：,Spring is coming. He died. She lives in Paris.,1. 主语+谓语（不及物动词）（S+Vi）,如果谓语动词是Vi，那么基本句型就是：,如果需要宾语，则一定出现介词帮忙。,谓语后面可以什么都不接。,A,30,2系动词(link v.) 后面跟表语构成完整意思。如： The weather turns warm. I am a teacher.,哪些动词是系动词？,常见的系动词: 1. Be（是）: i

12、s ,am, are 2. 表变化系动词（变得）：get, turn, become 3. 感官系动词（起来）：sound, smell, look, taste, feel,表语是什么？,跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态。副词一般不会充当表语。,A,31,2系动词(link v.) 后面跟表语构成完整意思。如： The weather turns warm. I am a teacher.,例句中的系动词是？,turn, am,例句中的表语是？,warm, a teacher,用来说明主语的状态,身份,2. 主语+谓语（连系动词)+表语 (S+Vlink v +P

13、),如果谓语动词是link V，那么基本句型就是：,A,32,3. 及物动词(vt.) 及物动词必须加宾语，宾语是及物动词所表示动作的承受对象。 宾语形态可以有三种： (1)及物动词宾语 如： I like spring. (2)及物动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事) 如： Spring brings me so much happiness. (3) 及物动词+宾语+宾补 如： I see birds flying in the sky.,三种哦，（2）和（3）有什么区别啦！,A,33,(2) 及物动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事) 如： Spring brings me so much

14、 happiness.,试试回答这两个问题： 1. Whom does spring bring happiness to? 2. What does spring bring me?,Keys: 1. Brings to me 2. Brings so much happiness. 可见，me 和so much happiness 都是谓语动词bring涉及的宾语，两者是并列关系。,Spring brings,宾语A(whom): me,宾语B(what): so much happiness.,嗯，这样写着更并列！,A,34,试试回答这两个问题： What do I see flying

15、 in the sky? 2. What are flying in the sky?,(3) 及物动词+宾语+宾补 如： I see birds flying in the sky.,Keys: 1. I see birds. 2. Birds are flying in the sky. birds和flying in the sky不是并列关系，而是逻辑上的主谓关系。如果在birds和flying in the sky之间加上be动词，能构成一个语义通顺的句子。 也就是说flying in the sky是补充birds(宾语)的状态，故称为“宾补”。,谁和你并列！,A,35,3. 主语

16、+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(S+Vt+O),4. 主语+ 谓语(及物动词)+ 间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt+IO+DO),5. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾补 (S+Vt+O+OC),如果谓语动词是Vt，那么基本句型有三种：,有统计表明，英文的句子有80%都是这种。,A,36,我们之前的问题是：,1. 能独立做谓语的动词有哪些类别？ 2. 后面都接些什么成分？,A,37,1.Spring is coming. 2. The weather turns warm. 3.I see birds flying in the sky. 4.Spring brings me so much happ

17、iness. 5.I like spring.,2. 根据谓语动词的类别，其后成分为：,a. 不及物动词(vi.)后面，空缺,b. 系动词(link v.)后面跟表语构成完整意思,c. 及物动词(vt.) 后面有三种宾语形态,1. 能独立做谓语的动词有哪些类别？ 2. 后面都接些什么成分？,1. 能独立做谓语的动词有三类。,A,38,1 主语+谓语（不及物动词）（S+Vi） Spring is coming.,2 主语+谓语（连系动词)+表语(S+V link v +P) The weather turns warm.,3 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(S+Vt+O) I like sprin

18、g.,4 主语+ 谓语(及物动词)+ 间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt+IO+DO) Spring brings me so much happiness.,5 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾补 (S+Vt+O+OC) I see birds flying in the sky.,英语简单句五大基本句型：,根据我们的分析，以动词为核心的句型有：,A,39,回头看看今天的重点：,A,40,归纳为一句话，就是：,英语是以动词为核心，有固定语序的语言,A,41,1.Spring is coming. 2. The weather turns warm. 3.I see birds flying in

19、 the sky. 4.Spring brings me so much happiness. 5.I like spring.,What order?,每个英语陈述句都有：主语+谓语,A,42,英语是以动词为核心，有固定语序的语言,1 主语+谓语（不及物动词）（S+Vi）,2 主语+谓语（连系动词)+表语(S+V linkv +P),3 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(S+Vt+O),4 主语+ 谓语(及物动词)+ 间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt+IO+DO),5 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾补 (S+Vt+O+OC),英语简单句五大基本句型：,每个英语陈述句都有：主语+谓语,A,43,下

20、面让我们进入进阶练习：,A,44,（一） 1. 下列四个句子中，哪一个谓语动词是系动词。 A. The flower is beautiful. B. They are drinking water. C. A new cinema is being built here D. Summer is coming. 2. 下列四个句子中，哪一个谓语动词后是宾语+宾补。 A. I gave her a book. B. She showed her friends all the pictures. C. Our teacher said that he would go there. D. I

21、saw her come out of the room. 3. 下句中的谓语动词是哪个单词，属于什么类别？ The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. A. is 系动词 B. walk 及物动词 C.is 助动词 D. walk 不及物动词,A,45,4. 辨别下列句子属于哪一种基本句型S+Vt+O。 AThe weather is very cold. BHe came. C. They like watching TV. D. I gave his wife a present. 5. “昨晚抓

22、住了三个小偷”， 下面哪一句翻译是正确的？ A. Three thieves were caught last night. B. Last night caught three thieves. C. Caught three thieves last night. D. Three thieves caught last night.,addca,A,46,下面让我们进入进阶练习：,（二） 1. 下列四个句子中，哪一个谓语动词是系动词。 A. We went swimming very early. B. The meat went bad. C. He goes to school at

23、 six every day. D. I must go and see this film. 2. 下列四个句子中，哪一个谓语动词后是宾语+宾补。 A. He brings me cookies every day. B. She likes playing basketball. C. She made me a beautiful dress. D. John asked me to help him. 3. 下句中的谓语动词是哪个单词，属于什么类别？ I come here to have a talk with you. A. come 及物动词 B. have 及物动词 C. ta

24、lk 不及物动词 D. come 不及物动词,A,47,下面让我们进入进阶练习：,4. 辨别下列句子属于哪一种基本句型S+Vlinkv+P。 AShe looks very young BI saw her. C. We study English. D. She gave me her address. 5“昨晚在街上汽车压死也一个人”，下面哪一句翻译是正确的？ A. A man was killed by a bus in the street yesterday evening. B. Yesterday evening in the street a bus killed a man.

25、 C. A bus killed a man in the street yesterday evening. D. Yesterday evening killed a man by bus in the street.,bddaa,A,48,下面让我们进入进阶练习：,1. 下列四个句子中，哪一个谓语动词是系动词。 A. Her face turned red. B. He turned down the radio. C. As the wheel turned, the potter shaped the clay. D. All the students turned to page

26、fifteen. 2. 下列四个句子中，哪一个谓语动词后是宾语+宾补。 A. The curtain rises at six. B. She showed her friends all the pictures. C. She told me to stand up. D. He played the role of Hamlet in the drama. 3. 下句中的谓语动词是哪个单词，属于什么类别？ My brother hasnt done his homework. A. have 及物动词 B. do 及物动词 C. have不及物动词 D. do 不及物动词,A,49,下面

27、让我们进入进阶练习：,4. 辨别下列句子属于哪一种基本句型S+Vt+O。 A. I am a student. B. He wanted to have a pen. C. The accident happened suddenly. D. He brings cookies to me every day. 5. “昨天他跟玛丽解释了这个答案”， 下面哪一句翻译是不正确的？ A. Yesterday he explained the answer to Mary. B. He explained Mary the answer yesterday. C. He explained the answer to Mary yesterday. D. Yesterday he to Mary explained t