大学英语翻译 被动语态

1、,被动句的翻译 英汉两种语言相比，英语多用被动语态，而汉语则少用。有人统计，水浒传全书仅用了 个被动语态，而下段英语文字的个谓语动词，其中个使用了被动语态，而相应的汉译则找不到被动句的踪影。,AS oil is found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rocks structure must be carried out. If it is thought t

2、hat the rocks in a certain area contains oil, a “drilling rig ” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowed into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the

3、sides from falling in. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.,因为石油深埋在地下，光靠研究地面，不能确定石油的有无。因此，对地下岩层结构必须进行地质勘探。如果认为某地区的岩层含有石油，那就在该处安装“钻机”。钻机中最显眼的部件叫“井架”。井架用来吊升分节油管，把油管放入由钻头打出的孔中。当孔钻成时，放入钢管防止孔壁坍塌。如发现石油，则在油管顶部紧固地加盖，使石油

4、通过一系列阀们流出来。,汉语的被动式早在古代汉语中就使用，但不多见，且一般是表示不幸或不愉快的事情或经历，如“被高铁，被留级，被裁员,被山寨”等。,英译汉中最常犯的毛病是“被”字结构使用太频繁凡是看到被动语态，马上就与“被”字联系起来，造成译文非常别扭,Unless something is moved, no work is done. 除非某种东西被移动，否则功不会被完成 Only objects struck by the light are visible. 只有被光明照到的东西才能被看见,上两句一定要用“被”字吗？,除非某种物体发生了移动，否则就没有功 只有光可照射到的物质才可见,必

5、须译为“被”字结构或相似的结构，如“叫，让，给，受到，遭到，为所” 等等例如： Over-seas Chinese are no longer looked down upon. She is respected by everyone. The plan will be examined by a special committee.,It appears that he was indeed isolated, targeted, picked on because he is bony, called “freak”, bullied and humiliated. 他看来确实遭到了孤立

6、，受到了攻击；他因为骨瘦如柴而受人捉弄，他被人称为“怪物”备受欺负和羞辱。,译成汉语主动句 1. Diplomatic relations have been established between China and the United States of America. 中美已经建立了外交关系 2. Visitors are requested to show their tickets. 来宾请出示入场票 Something has been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken. 今晚有人在此讲了不该讲的话,At

7、the party only tea and cakes are served. 茶会上只招待茶和饼 The ceremony was shortened by rain. 因为下雨，会议举行得非常简短 John actually loved Mary and was loved in return. 约翰真的爱玛丽，玛丽也爱约翰 My holidays afternoons were spent in rambling about the surrounding countryside. 每逢假日的下午，我总要漫游周围的乡村,1. The mechanism by which brain c

8、ell store memories is not clearly understood. B. 脑细胞储存记忆的机理不为人完全了解。 A1. 脑细胞存储信息的机制尚不十分清楚。 A2. 目前还不十分清楚脑细胞如何存储 2. Marketing is seen as the task of finding and stimulating buyers for the firms output. C. 营销被认为是为公司的产品寻找买主并鼓励购买。 A. 一般认为，营销是指为公司的产品寻找买主并鼓励其购买。,英语中有一类以it 作形式主语的英语句子，在译成汉语时常要译成主动语态，有时不加主语，有时

9、则加上不确定的主语 It is hoped 希望 It is reported that 据报道 It is said that 据说 It is supposed that 据推测 It is admitted that 必须承认 It must be pointed that 必须指出,It is believed that 有人认为 It is generally considered that 有人认为 It is well-known that众所周知,Candidates are required to present themselves fifteen minutes befo

10、re the examination begins. 考生应于分钟前到达 It is considered of no use learning a theory without practice. 人们认为脱离实践学理论毫无用处 I remember being taken to Beijing by my father that year. 我记得那年父亲带我去北京,All the data available should be collected and studied with care before one works at a theory. 在制订理论前，应当认真收集和研究所有

11、现有的数据和资料 Smokers must be warned that doctors have reached the conclusion that smoking increases the possibility of lung cancer. 必须警告吸烟者，医生已经得出结论，吸烟会增加患肺癌的可能性 Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered. 发现了错误一定要改正,1. 汽车损坏严重，已无法修理，而驾驶者却安然无恙，这真是个奇迹。（一个句子） 2. 由于大人们工作忙，常常把孩子交给外人照顾，而外人很少能像富有献身精神的爷爷奶奶

12、，外公外婆那样爱孩子。（利用被动语态，定语从句，介词等） 3. 如果不按时将书归还图书馆或到期不续借，就得按规定罚款 4. 合资企业的一切活动都应遵守中华人民共和国法律。 5. 在双语教育中，学生们在班上学习英语，而其它各门学科都通过母语学习。,It was a wonder that the car was severely damaged beyond any means of repair while the driver was safe and sound. With adults so busy, children are often left in the care of str

13、angers, who seldom provide the affection that devoted grandparents can. If books are not returned to the library on time or not renewed before they are due, a fine must be paid in accordance with the regulations.,All the activities of a joint venture shall be governed by the laws of the Peoples Repu

14、blic of China. In bilingual education, students are taught academic subjects in their native languages at the same time that they study English in ESL class.,1. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 书有可浅尝者， 有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。,Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century. It is rumoured that the accident was due t