大学英语精读第三册Unit 10 the fantastic spurt in technology

1、BeforeReading_1.1,Directions:,Whatwilloccurtoyouwheneverwementiontheword“technology”?Writedownasmanywordsaspossible.,WordWeb,spacecraft,rocketplanes,robots,Computerandinternet,advancedmedicalequipments,Smartphones,geneticallymodifiedfood(转基因产品),Symbolsoftechnology,Aboutlessthanacenturyago/intheearly

2、twentiethcentury,whatistheclassicsymboloftechnology?Smokysteelmills/factoriesNoisymachinesAssemblylineTheinventionoftelevisionEtc.,Thefirsttelevisionandthefirstcoloredtelevisionintheworld,1954,Symbolsoftechnologyinthe21stcentury,Televisionbutsmarter,Computerburst.猛增；突然加速；迸发,PartDivisionPartIPeoplema

3、yhaveinadequateandmisleadingideasontechnologyandtheneedtochangetheirviews.PartIIOurtimeshavewitnessedagreatleapforwardintechnology.PartIIITechnologyfeedsonitself.,Paras.1-2,Paras.3-6,Paras.7-11,WordStudy,Article,AlvinTofflerwritesaboutthefactthattechnologyisadvancingmuchfastertodaythaneverbeforeinhi

4、story.Thesymbolsoftechnologyarenolongerthefactorysmokestackortheassemblyline.Asweheadintothefuture,thepacewillquickenstillfurther.,GlobeReading.1.1,AssemblyLine,Theassemblylineisasystemofmanufacturinginwhicheachworkerperformsaspecializedoperationonanunfinishedproductasitismovedpasthisorherstationbya

5、conveyor.(流水装配线),ReadParas.1-2andanswerthefollowingquestions.,Whataretheoldsymbolsoftechnology?Dothesesymbolstrulyrepresentmoderntechnology?Whyorwhynot?,Smokysteelmillsornoisymachines.2)Assemblylinesorblastfurnaces(鼓风炉).,No.theyareinadequateandmisleading.Technologyhasalwaysbeenmorethanfactoriesandma

6、chines.2)Technologyincludestechniques,orwaystodothings,aswellasthemachinesthatmayormaynotbenecessarytoapplythem.3)Inmostofthenewindustries,quietandcleansurroundingsarecharacteristic.,1.Tomostpeoplethetermtechnologyconjuresupimagesofsmokysteelmillsornoisymachines.Perhapstheclassicrepresentationoftech

7、nologyisstilltheassemblylinecreatedbyHenryFordhalfacenturyagoandmadeintoasocialsymbolbyCharlieChaplininModernTimes.Thissymbol,however,hasalwaysbeeninadequateandmisleading,fortechnologyhasalwaysbeenmorethanfactoriesandmachines.Theinventionofthehorsecollarinthemiddleagesledtomajorchangesinagricultural

8、methodsandwasasmuchatechnologicaladvanceastheinventionoftheBessemerfurnacecenturieslater.Moreover,technologyincludestechniques,orwaystodothings,aswellasthemachinesthatmayormaynotbenecessarytoapplythem.Itincludeswaystomakechemicalreactionsoccur,waystobreedfish,plantforests,lighttheaters,countvotesort

9、eachhistory.,Article1_S,选票统计,养鱼,造林,剧院照明,VS,Article2-3_S,2.Theoldsymbolsoftechnologyareevenmoremisleadingtoday,whenthemostadvancedtechnologicalprocessesarecarriedoutfarfromassemblylinesorblastfurnaces.Indeed,inelectronics,inspacetechnology,inmostofthenewindustries,quietandcleansurroundingsarecharacte

10、risticevensometimesessential.Andtheassemblylinetheorganizationoflargenumbersofmentocarryoutsimplerepetitivefunctionsisoutdated.Itistimeforoursymbolsoftechnologytochangetocatchupwiththequickeningchangesintechnologyitself.,在今天，最先进的技术工艺是在流水作业线或鼓风炉的操作截然不同。因而，旧的技术象征就会使人产生误解。的确，安静和洁净的工作环境是电子技术，太空技术以及大部分新工

11、业的特点-甚至有时是非要不可的。而且，流水作业线-大批的人重复进行简单操作的这种组织-已经过时。是我们改变技术象征的时候了-只有这样，才能跟上技术本身加速变化的步伐。,Itis(about/high)timeforsb.todosth.Itis(about/high)timesb.didsth.e.g.Itshightimemancontrolledtheincreasingpopulation.,Questions:Whatisthecharacteristicofthenewindustries?Whatisoutdated?,AfterReading_1.1,1.不可思议的突飞猛进,2.

12、联想到,3.流水装配线,4.使成为社会象征,5.中世纪,6.典型的代表,7.养鱼,8.造林,fantasticspurt,conjureup,assemblyline,makeintoasocialsymbol,themiddleages,classicrepresentation,breedfish,plantforests,UsefulExpressionsofPara.1,9.技术进步,10.选票统计,technologicaladvance,countvotes,BeforeReading_5.1,CharlieChaplin(18891977):motion-pictureactor

13、,director,andproducer,CharlieChaplinwasasuperstarofsilentcomediesandoneofthegreatesticonsofthe20th-centuryfilm.Hewasbornon16April,1889inLondonanddiedon25December,1977inCorsier-sur-VeveyinSwitzerland.Hisbest-knownfilmsincludeTheGoldRush(1925),CityLights(1931),ModernTimes(1936),TheGreatDictator(1940),

14、Limelight(1952)andAKinginNewYork(1957).,CharlieChaplin,Backgroundinformation,1.HenryFordHenryFord(18631947):Americanautomobiledesignerandmanufacturer,July30,1863,BeingbornonafarmnearDearborn,Michigan,U.S.A.,1879,Obtaininghisfirstjob,asanapprenticemachinist,1896,Completinghisfirstworkingmodelofanauto

15、mobile.,June16,1903,FoundingtheFordMotorCompanyinDetroit,October7,1913,Introducingtheassemblylinemethodofmanufacturingautos,1914,AnnouncinghisplantosharetheFordMotorCompanysprofitswithworkers,payingthem$5.00foraneight-hourday,By1915,HiscompanysellingalmosthalfofalltheautomobilesproducedintheU.S.A.,A

16、pril7,1947,HediedinDearborn,Michigan,U.S.A.,Tomostpeoplethetermtechnologyconjuresupimagesofsmokysteelmillsornoisymachines:Thewordtechnologycausesmostpeopletothinkofsmokysteelfactoriesornoisymachines.conjureup:causesthtoappearinthemind.使联想起Eg:他常常回忆自己童年时的情景。Heoftenconjuredupvisionsofhischildhood.,Glob

17、eReading.1.2,Ahorsecollarisadeviceusedtodistributeloadaroundahorsesneck,forpullingawagonorplow.Thehorsecollarwasinventedby100BCinChina,andspreadtoEuroperoundthe8thor9thcentury.（马轭）,inadequate:a.notenough;insufficient;不充足的；不适当的,e.g.Oneoftheproblemsfacingthenewmayoristheinadequatewatersupplyofthecity.

18、Withoutanyexperienceinteaching,Iwasinadequateforthejob.,surroundings:n.theobjects,buildings,naturalthings,etc.thatarearoundapersonorthingataparticulartimesurroundings加速,Eg:Growthwillaccelerateto2.9percentnextyear.增长明年将加快到2.9%。,n.accelerationadj.accelerative,政府采取了有效措施来加速经济的发展速度。Thegovernmenthastakene

19、ffectivemeasurestoacceleratetherateofeconomicgrowth.,CamelCaravan,Usingpackanimalstohaul(拉)peopleandgoodsisstillatypicalmodeoftransportationinsomepartsoftheworld.,Achariotisavehiclewithtwowheelspulledbyahorse,usedinancienttimesinbattlesandraces.,Locomotive,Alocomotiveisarailwayenginethatrunsonrailsa

20、ndisself-propelledbyanyofseveralformsofenergyforthepurposeofmovingrailroadcars.,Aspacecapsuleisanoftenmannedspacecraftwhichhasasimpleshapeforthemainsection,withoutanywingsorotherfeaturestocreateliftduringatmosphericreentry(返回大气层).,dramatizevt.1)change(abook,astory,etc.)intotheformofaplay把（小说、故事等）改编为

21、剧本,e.g.SoonafterBaJinpublishedhisnovelFamily,itwasdramatizedbyhisfriendCaoYu.Andtheplayprovedasmuchasuccessasthenovel.,2)toshoworexpressinadramatic(exciting,interesting,colorful,vivid,impressive)way把戏剧化，演戏似表现,e.g.heyhaveatendencytoshowoff,todramatizealmosteverysituation.他们有一种炫耀的倾向,几乎任何情况都要大肆渲染一番。,Th

22、esuffix“-ize”(-ise)isaddedtonounsofadjectivestoformverbswiththemeaningof“make(into)”;“(cause)tobecome”使成为；使像；使变成P250Ex.IV,account:n.awrittenorspokenreport;description报道，叙述，描写,e.g.Hegaveusadetailedaccountofwhathadhappenedatthemeetingaweekago.,oaccount:考虑；重视(oconsideration)onacco

23、untof:因为，由于onnoaccount决不accountv.accountfor:解释，说明；（指数量等）占Eg:Studentsaccountfor50%ofourcustomers.,available:adj.sth.thatisavailableisabletobeusedorcaneasilybeboughtorfoundImafraidmybicycleisnotavailable;itisbeingrepaired.今晚音乐会的票买不到了。Therearenoticketsavailablefortonightsconcert.beavailable若以人做主语时，为“有空

24、的，不忙碌的”Heisnotavailableforthejob.b)available一般作表语，不作定语；若要修饰名词时，通常放在所修饰的名词之后。Thisistheonlyreferencebookavailablehere.这是这里能得到的唯一的一本参考书。,exceed:v.bemoreorgreaterthan;domorethan;gobeyondThetemperatureinthisregionneverexceeds30degrees.exceedonesexpectation出乎某人的预料exceedinsth.在方面领先，超过,goby:(oftime)pass走过，过

25、去,e.g.Timegoesbyquickly.Itismorethanayearsinceweenteredtheuniversity.Nearlyadecadewentbybeforetheymetagainintheirhometown.,Thousandsofyearsgoby,andthen,inourowntimes,asuddenburstingofthelimits,afantasticspurtforward.,Thousandsofyearshavepassed,duringwhichprogressintechnologyhasbeensloworinsignifican

26、t,andthen,allofasudden,inourowntimes,thelimits(ofspeed,flyingaltitude,etc.)havebeenbroken,andmanhasmadeabigleapforwardintechnology.然后，到了我们的时代，一切极限突然统统被打破，出现了不可思议的突飞猛进。,InGreatBritain,themailcoachorpostcoachwasahorse-drawncarriagethatcarriedmaildeliveries,from1784.Thecoachwasdrawnbyfourhorsesandhadse

27、atingforfourpassengersinside.,Soimpressivewasthisinvention,sodifficultwasittoexceedthisspeedlimit,thatnearly3,500yearslater,whenthefirstmailcoachbeganoperatinginEnglandin1784,itaveragedameretenmph.,当“so/such.that.”结构中的so,such连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要进行倒装(that后面的结果状语从句不倒装)。Eg:1)Soangrywashethathecou

28、ldntspeak.他愤怒得一句话也说不出来。2)Tosuchanextentdotheparentslovetheirsonthattheyhavetriedtosatisfyeverydemandofhis.父母俩爱子爱到了如此程度，以至于尽量满足他的任何要求。(tosuch放于句首，主句呈现部分倒装的形式)Sodifficult_ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice.A.IdidfindB.didIfindC.IhavefoundD.haveIfound,ExerciseVIStructureP252,Soabsurdwas

29、hismannerthateveryonestaredathim.3.Soforcefullydidhespeakatthemeetingthateveryonepresentwasconvinced.,AfterReading_1.2,laboralong,attaintherecord,ameretwenty-yearflickoftime,UsefulExpressionsofParas.2-6,最先进的工艺流程加速变化简要描述最高速度超过限速蒸汽机车艰难地航行达到记录20年瞬息功夫,themostadvancedtechnologicalprocessquickeningchanges

30、abriefaccountofmaximumspeedexceedthespeedlimit,asteamlocomotive,GlobeReading.3,FillintheblankswiththeinformationfromParas.7-11.,BlankFillingforPartIII,Directions:,Technologicalinventionconsistsof.Theyare.2.Technologyisadvancingmuchmorequicklythanbeforebecause.3.Thetimebetweenthestagesofideaandapplic

31、ationismuchshorternowthanitwasintheancienttimesbecause.4.Theauthorusestheexamplesof“refrigerator”and“television”toshow.,thatnowadaysthetimebetweenapplicationanddiffusionhasbeenshortenedand,threestages,_,thecreativeidea,itspracticalapplicationanditsdiffusionorspreadthroughsociety,nowthetimebetweeneac

32、hstepinthiscyclehasbeenmuchshortened,_,allkindsofsocialdeviceshavebeen,Inventedtospeeduptheprocess,thepaceofdiffusionisrisingrapidly,7.Thereasonforthisisthattechnologyfeedsonitself.Technologymakesmoretechnologypossible,aswecanseeifwelookforamomentattheprocessofinnovation.Technologicalinnovationconsi

33、stsofthreestages,linkedtogetherintoaself-reinforcingcycle.First,thereisthecreative,feasibleidea.Second,itspracticalapplication.Third,itsdiffusionthroughsociety.8.Theprocessiscompleted,theloopclosed,whenthediffusionoftechnologyembodyingthenewidea,inturn,helpsgeneratenewcreativeideas.Todaythereisevide

34、ncethatthetimebetweeneachofthestepsinthiscyclehasbeenshortened.9.Thusitisnotmerelytrue,asfrequentlynoted,that90percentofallthescientistswhoeverlivedarenowalive,andthatnewscientificdiscoveriesarebeingmadeeveryday.Thesenewideasareputtoworkmuchmorequicklythaneverbefore.Thetimebetweenthefirstandsecondst

35、agesofthecyclebetweenideaandapplicationhasbeenradicallyreduced.Thisisastrikingdifferencebetweenourselvesandourancestors.Itisnotthatwearemoreeagerorlesslazythanourancestors,butwehave,withthepassageoftime,inventedallsortsofsocialdevicestohastentheprocess.,Article7-8_S,当体现这一新思想的技术推广反过来帮助产生新的创造性思想时，这一过程

36、就完成了，这个循环也就结束了。,Thereisevidencethat:有证据证明,随着时间的推移,PartIII,hasten:quicken/accelerate,10.Butifittakeslesstimetobringanewideatothemarketplace,italsotakeslesstimeforittosweepthroughthesociety.Forexample,therefrigeratorwasintroducedintheUnitedStatesbefore1920,yetitspeakproductiondidnotcomeuntilmorethanth

37、irtyyearslater.However,by1950inonlyafewyearstelevisionhadgrownfromalaboratorynoveltytothebiggestpartofshowbusiness.Sotheintervalbetweenthesecondandthirdstagesofthecyclebetweenapplicationanddiffusionhaslikewisebeencut,andthepaceofdiffusionisrisingwithastonishingspeed.11.Thestepped-uppaceofinvention,a

38、pplicationanddiffusion,inturn,acceleratesthewholecyclestillfurther.Fornewmachinesortechniquesarenotmerelyaproduct,butasource,offreshcreativeideas.,stepped-up:adj.increasedinsize,speed,orextent.增加的，加大的；加强的；加速的,发明，应用以及推广，各个阶段的快节奏反过来是整个循环得到更进一步的加速发展。因为新机器，新技术既是有创造性的新思想的产物，又是其它新思想的源泉。,Question:Whatexamp

39、lesdoestheauthorgivetoshowthatthetimebetweenapplicationanddiffusionhasbeengreatlyreduced?,1.Whatsthemeaningof“feedonitself”hereinChinese?2.Canyoufindawordinthisparagraphwhichhasalmostthesamemeaningwiththisphrase?,自身的扶植作用。,Itis“self-reinforcing”.,Thereasonforthisisthattechnologyfeedsonitself.,reinfor

40、ce:Ifsomethingreinforcesanideaorpointofview,itprovidesmoreevidenceorsupportforit.加强，巩固Eg:Hereinforcedhisargumentwithmanyfacts.他用很多事实进一步证实了他的论点。,diffuse:Ifsomethingsuchasknowledgeorinformationisdiffused,orifitdiffusessomewhere,itismadeknownoverawideareaortoalotofpeople.传播(知识、消息等);散布Eg:Overtime,howeve

41、r,thetechnologyisdiffusedandadoptedbyothercountries.然而，随着时间的推移，这项技术在其它国家得以传播并使用。n.diffusion扩散，传播,interval:Anintervalbetweentwoeventsordatesistheperiodoftimebetweenthem.间隔Eg:圣诞节和元旦相隔一周时间。ThereisanintervalofaweekbetweenChristmasandNewYearsDay.Collocation:atintervals每隔一定的时间(或距离)；不时；到处intheintervals不一会儿

42、，不久,embodyv.express,represent体现(em-:在里面),e.g.Dr.Brownslatestbookembodiedallhisnewideasoneducation.艺术家在他的作品里体现了对大自然的热爱。Theartistembodieshisloveofnatureinhisworks.,novelty:n.Noveltyisthequalityofbeingdifferent,new,andunusual.新奇Eg:Inthecontemporarywesternworld,rapidlychangingstylescatertoadesirefornove

43、ltyandindividualism.在当代西方世界，快速变换着的款式迎合了人们对新奇和独特性的追求。同义词：originality,feedon:takeasfood以为食物，以为能源-LuXunoncesaid:“Cowsfeedongrassbutwhattheyproduceismilk.”,2)becomenourishedorstrengthenedfrom;getsupportfrom从获得力量;依赖，靠过日子Eg:Theactorfeedsonadmirationfromthepublic.演员从公众的赞扬得到力量。,innovate:Vi.Toinnovatemeansto

44、introducechangesandnewideasinthewaysomethingisdoneormade.创新;革新,Eg:Butbusinesseshavelittlechoicebuttoinnovateinemergingeconomies,becausethatiswheretheircustomersare.但企业别无选择，只能在新兴经济体创新，因为他们的客户就在那里。,adj.innovative:创新的;革新的n.innovation,AfterReading_4.1,Directions:,Inthissection,youarerequiredtowriteasumm

45、aryofthetext.Thefirstsentenceofitandthefirstwordorphraseofeachsentenceinthebodyaregivenbelow.Youareaskedtocompletethewholesummary.,Prof.Trofflerpointsoutthatpeopleshouldchangetheirviewsontechnologysoastocatchupwiththequickeningchangesintechnologyitself.Technologyhasalwaysbeen.Itincludes.Theoldsymbol

46、softechnology,assemblylinesorblastfurnaces,.Todaysnewtechnology,esp.electronicsandspaceindustry,Hetracestransportationbackto6,000BCand.Atlasthepointsoutthat_,thestepped-uppaceofinvention,applicationanddiffusionreinforcesthedevelopmentoftechnology.,morethanfactoriesandmachines,techniquesorwaysaswella

47、smachines,_,areoutdated,_,quietandcleansurroundings,_,reviewstheacceleratingdevelopmentoftransportationtoshowthegreatprogress,Summarywriting,_,_.,ischaracterizedby,_,AfterReading_1.2,feedonitself,newscientificdiscoveries,Thereisevidencethat,beputtowork,withthepassageoftime,UsefulExpressionsofParas.7

48、-11,20.自身的扶植作用21.技术革新22.包含23.自我强化的循环24.实际应用25.在社会上的推广26.新的科学发现27.有证据证明28.得到应用随着时间的推移30.以惊人的速度增长,technologicalinnovationconsistofSelf-reinforcingcyclepracticalapplicationdiffusionthroughsociety,risewithastonishingspeed,III.VocabularyActivities-1igebcjafhd,III.VocabularyActivities-2impressivehavebeene

49、mbodied/wereembodiedcyclelikewisecharacteristicaccelerateavailablemisleadingsurroundingspeaksymbolvotesoutdatedmerefantastic,III.VocabularyActivities-3accountgenerateacceleratefeedonputtoworkclassicavailableshortenedfantastic,III.VocabularyActivities-4keepupwithfeedonbecarriedoutgobyconjuresupstepuppointoutconsistsoflaboredalong,IV.EnrichingYourWordPower-1modernizerevolutionizesympathizedcriticizedischaracterizedissy