marrakech课文内容解析

1、.,6. How is the text to be divided?,1) Para.1-3: the burial of the poor inhabitants 2) Para. 4-7: an Arab Navvy begging for bread 3) Para. 8-15: the miserable lives of the Jews 4) Para. 16-18: cultivation of the poor soil 5) Para 19-21: the old women carrying firewood 6) Para 22-26: degradation/humb

2、leness of the native people,.,Deatialed study of the text,.,Paragraph 1,What do you think of the authors choice of the scene and the words in Para. 1? What can we learn? The authors choice of a dramatic scene and the simple words implies much more than what appears on the surface. We can see poverty

3、 of the place and unsanitary condition of the city 1) dirty 2) poor,.,Paragraph 1,in a cloud: a large number of small things moving through the air as a mass. 一团 e.g. a cloud of locusts/ insects 那些汽车在滚滚尘埃中启动了。 The cars set off in a cloud of dust.,.,Paragraph 2,What can we learn by reading Para. 2? H

4、ow dead people are buried in Marrakech.- A vivid picture of the poverty of the place. How does the author present the picture? Through a few strokes of his master-pen-mourners wailing a chant, corpses wrapped in a piece of rag, carried on a rough wooden bier, friends hacking a shallow hole, dumping

5、the body in it, flinging some dried-up earth over it, no grave stone The fact shows the human life has no value at all.,.,Paragraph 2,How do you think of the use of some words in Para. 2? The use of words like “the flies”, “a piece of rag”, “ rough wooden bier”, repeats forcefully the theme of Para.

6、 1. The use of words like “hack, dump, fling, no gravestone, no name, no identifying mark, ” indicates the unceremonious way in which a funeral is carried out. In a poor country like Morocco, life is cheap.,.,Para. 2,The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict buildi

7、ng-lot. The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.,.,Crowd,It suggests 1) the lack of order 2) people are not terribly concerned about the funeral.,.,all men

8、 and boys, no women,According to Muslim law, Muslims must respect women, and for this reason girls and women used to be kept in the house, where they could be safe. When they went out, they wore the veils to cover their faces. But this law has become a kind of excuse to discriminate against women.,.

9、,Paragraph 3,What is the theme of Para. 3? He exposes the evils of imperialism. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings). It

10、 is the colonial empires that make the people so poor. Empires are built up by treating the people in the colonies like animals. This thesis is going to be supported by more illustrations and examples.,.,How does the author achieve his purpose?,In a cool objective manner in stead of a preachy (说教的)

11、and propagandistic style. Nevertheless the reader can see his outrage at the misery and suffering.,.,Paragraph 3,How can you see his cool manner and uncontrollable outrage? We can see the former from the statements he makes and the latter from a string of rhetorical questions and both from his use o

12、f words.,.,the rags they stand up in: the rags which they are wearing as they stand there,.,Undifferentiated: You cant differentiate one brown stuff from another, because they look just the same. If they do have individuality, it is irrecognizable, just like insects, like bees.,.,They rise out of th

13、e graveyard They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name. break your way: force your way or pick your way (because of the dense growth of the prickly pear),.,Para. 3,prickly pear: a kind of cactus covered with prickles havin

14、g a pear-shaped fruit (仙人掌果) When out for a walk picking your way through the prickly pear, you might find that the ground is bumpy. You realize that you are walking over skeletons. You know they are graves only because the bumps appear in an even pattern.,.,Paragraph 3,What is the tense used in thi

15、s Para.? What does it mean? The situation described still exists.,.,Para. 5,mint sauce: an English speciality made of a combination of chopped mint leaves, vinegar, and water. Its traditionally served with roast lamb. As soon as you look at the hind legs of the gazelles, you will think of the delici

16、ous mint sauce that you would want to dip it in when eating it.,.,Paragraph 7,What can you learn from the employees situation? Or what is the authors intention behind the sentence “This man is an employee of the municipality”? The poverty of the people. Even an employed laborer goes starving, so you

17、 can imagine for yourself the plight of the poorer people.,.,stow,to put, hide away in safe place If you stow sth. somewhere, you put it neatly away in a place where it can be kept until it is needed. = store stow away = hide,.,stow,We stowed all the boxes in the attic. Potatoes must be stowed in a

18、cool dark place. My jewellery is safely stowed away in the bank. His baggage was safely stowed away in the plane.,.,Paragraphs 8-15,What is the main idea of Para. 8-15? The plight of the Jews, an oppressed minority in a colonial country. Their fate could be worse than that of the natives. How does t

19、he author realize his idea? By describing Jews crowded and unsanitary living circumstances, bad working conditions, frenzied rush and clamor for a cigarette, and the natives hostile attitude to the Jews.,.,Para. 8,Quarters apartment (room/house) residential area for particular kind of people the doc

20、tors quarters servants quarters officers quarters sleeping quarters confined to quarters,.,Para. 8,ghettoes or ghettos: A ghetto is a part of a town or city in which many poor people or many people of a particular race, religion, or nationality live in isolation from the majority group in the town o

21、r city. Orwell uses ghettos here in the traditional sense of a portion of a city populated almost exclusively by Jews. A ghetto also implies that the people in it are restricted only to that area and are not permitted to live elsewhere.,.,sore-eyed,Eyes are infected from 1. malnutrition 2. lack of m

22、edical care 3. unhygienic condition,.,Para. 9,Infest (often followed by with or used in combination) When insects, rats or other animals infest a plant, area, they spread in a large numbers and cover the area, usually causing damage. overrun; swarm; pack; crowd; teem; flood; fill; be thick with The

23、back yard was infested with rats. waters infested with sharks,.,Infest,used with some nouns to make adjectives meaning full of something harmful or unpleasant: a rat-infested house a crime-infested city shark-infested waters fly-infested - full of flies,.,Paragraph 9,A carpenter sits cross-legged at

24、 a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making. warp: bend, curve, or twist out of shape The hot sun warped the boards. Some gramophone records war

25、p in very hot weather.,.,Para. 9,thanks to . out of shape Because of sitting in a fixed position over the years and because of using his left foot to control the chisel while turning chair-legs, his left leg has become deformed.,.,Para. 10,frenzied adj. full of uncontrolled excitement Will this push

26、 him too far and lead to a frenzied attack? (疯狂攻击） She was climbing now with a sort of frenzied haste. （她这时带着一股疯狂劲头快速向上攀登） a frenzied mob of over a thousand beggars （狂乱暴徒） make frenzied efforts (拼命挣扎),.,self-contained -,self sufficient A self-contained community is one in which all or nearly all the

27、 needs of the community are met from within. There is little need to go outside for material or cultural desires. The Jewish ghettos are self-contained not only by preference but also by necessity, since Jews may have been unwelcome outside.,.,self-contained,1 a : complete in itself : INDEPENDENT b

28、: BUILT-IN 2 a : showing self-control b : formal and reserved in manner,.,Paragraph 11,Its a good job (colloquial BrE.) Its a good thing (AmE.) : It is a fortunate state of affairs, it is fortunate. It is a good job /thing it happened here rather than on the open road.,.,A good job Hitler wasnt here

29、,It was lucky for the Jews that Hitler had not come to this place. If he had, the Jews would have been exterminated as they were in Poland and other European countries.,.,Thats only for show!,The Jew only pretends to work as a poor labourer. show - n. sth false or superficial, pretence His public ex

30、pressions of grief are nothing but show. 他公开表示悲痛只不过是做做样子而已. 他的自我批评不是摆样子的。 His self-criticism was not made for show. a square meal: a decent substantial meal,.,punishments for being a witch,Hanging was the most popular in America. In Europe, most people accused of witchcraft were burned at the stake.

31、 There were several odd punishments, such as being pressed to death, (having large stones placed on the chest to withdraw a confession), people were tied up and thrown into lakes, (if they floated they were a witch, if they didnt they were innocent, but drowned anyway), they were tortured with hot i

32、rons, (mainly to the bottoms of the feet), they were stretched, hung upside down, stuck with needles, and shoved in iron maidens.,.,Witches were even tortured in their deaths, not afforded a quick and sanitary demise, the majority of witches were burnt at the stake, though a great many were strangle

33、d or garroted before burning. This torturous death, in Britain, was used only for women who committed one of the two most unforgivable acts, treason or witchcraft.,.,In his Salem Witchcraft, W. F. Poole estimates the death toll of witches in Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries is a

34、bout 200,000. The witch hunts were so rampant, Montague Summers reports in his Geography of Witchcraft, In the year 1586 the diocese of Trier was so scoured and purged of sorcerers and witches that in two villages only two women were left alive.,.,Witchcraft,Orwell is probably referring to many occa

35、sions in the 1600s in both England and America when innocent women were tried and often burned or otherwise punished for witchcraft. By the very nature of the charge it was impossible for the accused to defend herself, just as it was for the Jews. And like the Jews, witches served as scapegoats for

36、the ills of society that couldnt be explained. Such trials reached their peak in America at Salem, Massachusetts.,.,In just the same waya square meal,Jews were now being condemned by prejudice and ignorance as some poor old women who could not even get themselves a decent meal were condemned and bur

37、ned for witchcraft.,.,Paragraphs 16-18,What is described in Para16-18? The hardworking but invisible people and difficult cultivation of the poor soil What tone does the author use in Para16 and 17? Bitter and ironic. Instead of openly blaming the white colonialists who do not pay the least attentio

38、n to the people who suffer from poverty and hunger and misery, he pretends that they have a sound reason to ignore such people who simply cannot be seen because they are of the color of earth.,.,.,.,In a hot country,You dont even see the labourer ploughing the field. South of Gibralter - all countri

39、es or area in North Africa East of Suez - the middle-east Asian countries chances are: it is likely that; in all probability; probably大概是, 很可能是 Chances are shes already heard the news. 可能她已经知道这消息了。 很可能她要来. The chances are that shell be coming.,.,In a tropical landscape ones eye takes in everything e

40、xcept the human beings If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.,.,Para. 17,It is only because of this “This” here stands for the fact that people always miss the peasants labouring in the fields because they have the colour of the earth

41、. It is only because of this reason that these poor starved countries are accepted as tourist resorts.,.,Paragraph 17,No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas: No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips would n

42、ot be interesting),.,What does Morocco mean .,Morocco being a French colony, to many Frenchmen Morocco has no more meaning than a place where they might find a government job, buy an orange grove with their money or invest his money. To an Englishman Morocco means nothing but a romantic, mysterious

43、country which he has read in the novels. Camels, castles are the romantic bits in his mind by the novels.,.,for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless back-breaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil: life is very hard for ninety percent of the peopleWith hard

44、 backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil,.,Orwell is very cleverly revealing in these two paragraphs the real inner workings of the colonialists mentality. Such people take their own presumed superiority so much for granted and its so deep within them that they literally do

45、nt even see the wretched people of the third world and are so insensitive that they actually treat those countries as tourist resorts where they vacation and enjoy themselves oblivious to the suffering all around them.,.,erode,wear away; eat into If rock or soil erodes or is eroded by the weather, s

46、ea or wind, it cracks and breaks so that it is gradually destroyed. Rain and rivers eroded the soft sand- stones.,.,Para. 18,Desolate barren; (of a place) in a ruined and neglected state 1. a place that is desolate is empty and looks sad because there are no people there After the war the town was a

47、 desolate place. 2. someone who is desolate feels very sad and lonely She has been desolate since losing her job. v. The land was desolated by floods. We were desolated by the death of our good friend.,.,Para. 18,This is as much equal to The animals yoked to the plough had just enough strength to pl

48、ough the soil to a depth of about four inches. They could not make deeper furrows.,.,get at,to reach Marrakech is very dry. Even at a depth of 30 or 40 feet there is only but a trickle of water.,.,Para. 19-20,Miserable life of old women The writer is describing objectively the physical appearance of

49、 the old woman, yet his anger comes through. Notice his choice of words. (old; mummified; tiny; shrink to the size of children; reduced to bones; leathery skin; bent double),.,Paragraph 19,I suppose that The author gave the old woman a little money. The response was a shrill wail for she was greatly

50、 surprised. The old woman was fully accustomed to her miserable existence and to not being taken notice of by any one, so she almost considered the author to be doing something unnatural by giving her the money. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden: She took i

51、t for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal,.,para. 20,Why does the author expatiate on the miserable fate of the donkeys? To arouse the readers sympathy and anger. Are their any similarities between the donkeys and

52、 the old women? What are they? Donkey and Woman Both are overloaded. Both are willing creatures. Both are small. Both are ill-treated. Both have an miserable end. Comparison,.,Are their any similarities between the donkeys and the native people? What are they? -Both are obedient -Both are devoted (d

53、espite cruel treatment) -Both have an miserable end. (donkey thrown to the dogs, humans thrown into a nameless grave.,.,Para. 21,Donkey and Woman/ humans Visible Invisible Implication - Women /humans are worse treated. Contrast,.,Para. 20,Infuriate v. fill with fury or rage outrage; aggravate; enrag

54、e; provoke,.,Para. 20,whereupon (formal) used when something happens immediately after something else, or as a result of something happening She refused to hand over her money, whereupon there was a fight. 他看到我来，于是把座位让给了我。 He saw me coming, whereupon he offered me his seat.,.,Paragraph 21,People wit

55、h brown skins are next door to invisible: People with brown skins are almost invisible next door to: Shes in the room next door to her parents. 她住在她父母隔壁的那个房间。 He is next door to an idiot. 他简直是个白痴。 这病人差不多要死了。 The sick man was next door to death.,.,Paragraphs 22-26,What is the main idea of Para 22-26?

56、 Degradation/humbleness of the native people,.,How does the author put forward his idea? By a contrast between the soldiers (infantry) and the storks and a comparison between the soldiers (infantry) and cattle,.,the soldiers and the storks,The passive plodding, earthbound blacks southward) are contr

57、asted with the glittering white birds (their white masters; northward) so great, pure and lofty who sail above them in the sky. While the former are weighed down by heavy packs, are sweating and uncomfortably hot, the latter are free to soar unfettered in the cool sky above.,.,Symbol,white bird / sc

58、raps of paper - symbolic of freedom,.,the soldiers and cattle,The soldiers: passive plodding, earthbound, weighed down by heavy packs, sweating, uncomfortably hot, like cattle who do not asking questions and follow their masters blindly,.,Paragraphs 22-26,Description of the black troops in general a

59、nd one black soldier individually. It wont be long for the white people to keep these black people in ignorance.,.,clump and clatter,onomatopoeia words describing the sound of boots and iron wheels as they moved over the road.,.,Paragraph 22,Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms The Senegalese soldiers were wearing ready-made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well-built bodies reach-me-down: (BrE