高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧ppt课件

1、阅读理解题型及解题技巧,题 型 及 解 题 技 巧,1,2,3,4,5,6,主旨大意,细节理解,观点态度,篇章结构,推理判断,猜测词义,阅读技巧,细节理解,本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的 某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能 力。问题包括询问人(who)、物(what)、 时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、 结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、 说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。,常见问题形式有： Which of the following is true/false except? Which of the following is ment

2、ioned except,三正一误,三误一正,1.According to the passage, who/ what/ which/ when/ Where / why / how/ how many/how much/ how long/ How soon/ how often, etc. ? 2. According to the passage, which of the following is true/ not true? 3. According to the passage, Which of the following is not mentioned ? 4. All

3、of the following are true EXCEPT _. 5. In the passage the writer states that _. 6. Choose the best order in which the people do_.,2. 定义； 3. 比较； . 年代与数字 5. 原因和结果,此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或 间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。,Sample I,Hoover Dam lies _. A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York

4、 and San Francisco D. both A and B,This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road， which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in

5、1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam， one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.,2. 定义； 3. 比较； . 年代与数字 5. 原因和结果,此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或 间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。,Hoover Dam lies _. A. between Arizona and N

6、evada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B,Sample I,Sample II,Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo L

7、in to become Miss Asia.,Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991， Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay

8、 Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.,Sample II,Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hong

9、 Kong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.,moved,Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991， Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dr

10、eam was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station

11、.,taken,According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is . Agreenhouse gas emissions (散发) in industrialized nations Bhigher surface water temperatures of the sea Ccontinuous global warming Drising sea levels,Sample II, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suf

12、fered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years . Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.,connect,to,According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is . Agreenhouse gas e

13、missions (散发) in industrialized nations Bhigher surface water temperatures of the sea Ccontinuous global warming Drising sea levels,Sample II,Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not . A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions Bsign an agreement with Tuvalu Callow Tu

14、valuans to move to the US D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real,Sample III,Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions ,which are a m

15、ain cause of global warming . “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluan to live there,” Laupepa told the BBC.,Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not . A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emission

16、s Bsign an agreement with Tuvalu Callow Tuvaluans to move to the US D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real,Sample III,(故意用与原文中一模一样的词来迷惑考生),?,Jack Londons last days were _. A. usual ones B. not poor ones C. rich ones D. unhappy ones,Sample IV,Jack London was a famous American writer. He burn

17、ed himself out when he was 40. He thought of his mother, Flora, who had never been a very responsible person. He was sure she was mentally ill and that he was becoming like her. At last he became too tired to care. He would not work and continued to spend money he did not have. He would not change h

18、is life, or his writing, perhaps he could not.,Jack Londons last days were _. A. usual ones B. not poor ones C. rich ones D. unhappy ones,Sample IV,You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000,Sample V,Tuition Fees (学费) Tuition

19、 fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui waikatoacnz. Accommodation (住宿) You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. Fo

20、r further information: acc waikatoacnz,$5000(学费)+$100(住宿费)x12(months) +$150(生活费)x12=$8000,You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000,Sample V,Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopp

21、ing carts? a. Start the system. b. Make a shopping list. c. Find the things you want. d. Go to a self-checkout stand. A. abdc B. bacd C. acbd D. bcad,Sample V,People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the store, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system

22、 (系统) that will organize the trip around the store. If youre looking for toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.,Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopp

23、ing carts? a. Start the system. b. Make a shopping list. c. Find the things you want. d. Go to a self-checkout stand. A. abdc B. bacd C. acbd D. bcad,Sample V,猜测词义,Question Form,(1) The word “” in Line means/can be best replaced by (2) As used in the passage, the phrase “” suggests (3) From the pass

24、age, we can infer that the word/phrase “” is/refers to (4) The word “” is closest in meaning to ,根据解释确定词义,技巧 1,1. Social mobility is the movement from one class or level of living to another. 2. The other questioned the veracity- the truthfulness of these reports.,3. He is a resolute man, once he se

25、ts up a goal, he will not give it up easily. 4. He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.,根据对比确定词义,技巧 2,In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of tur

26、moil.,根据逻辑确定词义,技巧 3,If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest, and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired, then you are indefatigable.,根据上下文情景确定词义,技巧 4,The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means_. A cleaning up B taki

27、ng in C wiping out D giving out,Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year.,根据

28、上下文情景确定词义,技巧 4,The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means_. A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving out,1. The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when they are big enough to fly Achildren Bancestors Cgenerations Dmates 2. There is a stack of papers on Mr. Green

29、s desk Apiece Bbalance Cmixture Dpile,Try to do the following exercises: 根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义,3. Before you buy something，check the quality firstFor example, if it is cheap, it might not be good Ahow good it is Bwhat the color is Cwhat the size is Dhow big it is 4. Please give me your recipe for this ca

30、ke， so I can make it too Aa dish Bdirections for cooking Ca meal Ddirections to your house,5. Before a baby learns to walk, it has to crawl on the floor Awalk on two feet Bfly Csit in a chair Dmove on the hands and knees 6. Mr. Brown is an amateur photographerHe is an engineerBut in his free time he

31、 likes to take pictures A. as a hobby Bfor money Cas a job Das work,7. This small Christmas tree is made of plasticIt is not a real treeIt is artificial A. beautiful B. not natural C. for a special holiday Din an art museum 8. whales and elephants are gigantic animalsNo other animals can compare wit

32、h them in size A. small Bland Csea Dhuge,9. The kiwi lays the largest eggs in the world. The strange thing about the kiwi is that it cannot fly A a kind of fish Ba kind of cat C. a kind of rock Da kind of bird 10. Some Africans carve beautiful human and animal figures out of woodThey sell their carv

33、ings to stores and museums Adraw Bbeat Cheat Dcut,11. Chicken pox can be very serious for a child who is not in good healthThe child develops red spots，and feels hot and uncomfortableA healthy child gets well quickly Aa kind of animal Ba kind of food Ca kind of childhood disease Da lack of pure wate

34、r,12. Ali showed the class a picture of him, his wife，and their babyPierres family has lived in the east of Canada for two hundred yearsTheir ancestors came from France A. family members from a long time ago B. grandparents and their grandchildren C. parents, grandparents and great- grandparents Dfa

35、mily members all living at the same time,推理判断,1. 不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有 同义词解释的选项。 2. 不选事实细节选项 3. 不选非事实选项 4. 选概括性/哲理性的选项,技巧,常见问题形式: 1. It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that _ 2.The passage suggests/implies that _ 3.By the first sentence of the second paragraph, the author means _ 4. We can con

36、clude that_. 5. When the writer talks about., what he really means is that_. 6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?,1. The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_. A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her C. she was beautiful D. it strange for

37、her to fall in love with him 2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_. A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much,When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I wa

38、s very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,” Are you single? “Why, yes. I answered, smiling at her happily.“So is my mother. she said, “Would you like to meet her?,1. The writer talked about the waitress age because

39、he thought_. A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him 2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_. A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. she wanted to be friendly with

40、him D. she loved him very much,1.Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft. C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle. 2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on _. A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal C. the softness of the

41、 metal D. the timing of the operation,Sample 2,3. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle? A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly. C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.,Annealing

42、is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not bre

43、ak as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing,it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as

44、 glass.,1.Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft. C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle. 2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on _. A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of

45、 the operation,Sample 2,3. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle? A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly. C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.,观点和态度,理解作者的观点和态度题： 既考查学生对字面意思的理解，

46、 也考查学生对作者写作目的、 态度、观点等的理解。,正确理解作者的写作意图，所持的观点及阐述文章主题时语气或他对所论述的对象的态度。-假如你是作者，你为什么要写本文？,此类考题的主要形式：,1.The writers purpose in writing this story is _ . 2. The text discusses men and women 50,000 years from now in order to show that _ .,辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。,注意：,贬义：disgust, critical, negative

47、, tolerant, disappointment,褒义: positive, wonder, support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm, admiring,中立: indifferent, impassive, uninterested, ambivalent, neutral, apathetic, disinterested,The author appears _modern advertising. A. to like B. to be indifferent to C. to dislike D. to know how to deal

48、with,e.g.,One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us

49、in colored lights all night. (根据文章作者用词来判断),The author appears _modern advertising. A. to like B. to be indifferent to C. to dislike D. to know how to deal with,e.g.,The writer uses the example of “ocelots” to show that_. A. wild animals have become more dangerous B. the driving conditions have impro

50、ved greatly C. the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work D. an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents.,Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads, the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. tod

51、ay. The main reason? Roadkill.,The writer uses the example of “ocelots” to show that_. A. wild animals have become more dangerous B. the driving conditions have improved greatly C. the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work D. an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents.,篇章结构

52、,说明文的基本结构,Descriptive writing,Definition (Introduction),Description (Explanation),Conclusion,2. 议论文的基本结构,Argumentation,Topic,Arguments,conclusion,Opinion,Supporting sentences,论点,论据,结论,3.记叙文的基本结构,Narrative writings,Story presentation,对文章基本结构理解的考查方式:,1. 问结构,）How is the text organized?,A. TopicArgument

53、Explanation B. OpinionDiscussionDescription C. Main ideacomparison supporting examples D. Introductionsupporting examples -conclusion,2)The first paragraph is used as/to 3)The first paragraph mentioned Peter Jennings death in order to _ .,2.问指代,1)The word “everything” in paragraph 2 means_ 2)What do

54、es the underlined word in paragraph 4 refer to?,3.问文章出处/前文后续,1). The passage is most likely to be taken from_ 2. The passage is most likely a part of_ 3)The passage is most likely to be taken from the article entitled_ 4)What may be talked about before the first paragraph? /after the last paragraph?

55、 5)The paragraph following the passage will probably discuss_,主旨大意,考查考生,技巧,加工与浓缩信息的能力,如何做主旨大意题,做此类题目时，首先要搞清的是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。,一、题型特点,这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章的段落大意

56、、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。这种试题要求考生能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心句；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，难度较大，属于高层次题。,1. 标题类常见的题型:,1.The best title/ headline for this passage might be_. 2.The text (passage) could be entitled . 3.What is the best title for the passage? 4.Which of the following would be suitable as a title for th

57、e passage?,二：题 干 表 现 形 式,1. This passage chiefly deals with_. 2. Whats the topic of the article? 3. What is the subject discussed in the text? 4. With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?,2：大意类常见题型,The authors main purpose in writing the passage is_. The passage is meant to _ The purpose of this article is _,3：目的主旨大意常见题型,三：主题句呈现的形式,A. 文首,提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主 题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作 方式。,1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can caus