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1、a,1,名词性从句,a,2,概念:,名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可以分为_、_、_和_。,同位语从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,a,3,名词性从句的连接词:,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: (1)连词:that(无任何词意)whether, if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性) as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)这些词在从句中均不充当任何成分 (2)连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which,whichever, whomever (在句中

2、可作主语、宾语、表语、定语) (3)连接副词:when, where, how, why ,wherever, whenever(在句中做状语),a,4,不可省略的连词:,1. 介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。如: (1)That she was chosen made us very happy. (2)We heard the news that our team had won.,a,5,主语从句,作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。 主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whichev

3、er 以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。 that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如: What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。,a,6,主语从句,_ he is a famous singer is known to us. _ happened that night will be never known. _ he will go to America is not decided. _ comes first wil

4、l be given a prize. _ the meeting will be put off is still unknown.,That,What,When,Whoever,Whether,a,7,注意:,1. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。 例如: Whether you will come or not doesnt matter so much. 可改为:_.,It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.,a,8,2. 主语从句可用it做形式主语,常用句

5、型有: It+be+adj. (obvious, natural, surprising, wonderful, possible, likely, certain等)+that从句 It is certain that she will do well in the exam. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise 等 )+that从句 Its no surprise that our team has won the game.,a,9,It+be+过去分词(said, reported, tho

6、ught, expected, announced等 )+that从句 Its said that Mr. Green has arrived at Beijing. It doesnt matter (makes no difference等)+连词或副词引导的句子。 It doesnt matter whether he comes or not. It makes no difference whether you can come or not.,你能不能来没关系。,a,10,注意: 主语从句that不能省略 If不能引导主语从句,a,11,1 在It is suggested, or

7、dered, requested, insisted, etc. + that从句中,谓语部分用should + 动词原形,should常被省略 It is suggested that we (should) do the experiment a second time. 2 在It is important, natural, necessary, etc. + that从句中,谓语部分常用should + 动词原形,should常被省略。 It is important and necessary that we (should) keep the balance of nature.

8、 3 在It is funny, strange, surprising, a pity, a shame, no wonder, etc. + that从句中,有时谓语部分用should + 动词原形,来表达说话者的感情色彩,此时should也可省略。 It is a pity that you (should) miss such a good chance.,a,12,表语从句,在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样。表语从句有时用as if/ as though 引导;because也可以引导表语从句。如: Thats just what I

9、 want. It looks as if it is going to rain. 当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。如: The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.,a,13,It is _ they need more hands at present. The reason is _ they need more hands at present. My decision is _ I will go abroad. The p

10、roblem is _ they can find a proper person to replace him. This is _ our problem lies. It looks _ it is going to rain. 如果句子主语是suggestion, advice, order,表语从句使用should+动词原形。,because,that,that,whether,where,as if,My suggestion is that you should set out at once.,a,14,宾语从句,在句子中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主

11、语从句和表语从句的关联词大致一样(但是if也可引导宾语从句),在句中可以作谓语动词或介词的宾语。,a,15,注意:,由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如: I know (that) he has just graduated from college and that he is looking for a job.,a,16,2. 如果动词宾语后又有补语那么要用it作形式宾语,然后把宾语从句放到补语之后。例: He has made it clea

12、r that he will not give in. 3. I ( dont ) think/ believe/ suppose/ expect/ imagine后接宾语从句时,反义疑问句要与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。如:I dont think he is right, is he? 4. do you think/ believe/ suppose/ expect/ imagine 后接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,疑问词要放在句首。如: What do you think is going on outside?,a,17,5. whether 与 if 都可以引导宾语从句,但要特别注意

13、下面的几种情况: (1)宾语从句是否定句时,只用 if,不用 whether。 如:I wonder if it doesnt rain. (2)用 if 会引起误解,就要用 whether。如:Please let me know whether you want to go. 此句如果把 whether 改成 if, ( 容易当成条件句理解) (3)宾语从句中的 whether 与 or not 直接连用,就不能换成 if;不直接连用,可换。 如:I dont know whether or not the report is true. I dont know whether/ if t

14、he report is true or not. (4)介词后的宾语从句要用 whether 引导。 (5)whether 可与不定式连用。,It depends on whether the weather is suitable for us to do it.,He asked me whether to go with him.,a,18,6引导宾语从句,从句置于句首表示强调时,只用whether. eg:Whether this is true(or not),I cant tell. 7在discuss后面只能跟whether引导的宾语从句。 Eg: We discussed w

15、hether we should close the shop.,引导主语从句时,从句位于句首用whether,不用if。 Eg: Whether she likes the present is not clear to me. 她是否喜欢那件礼物我不清楚。 引导表语从句时,用whether, 不用if。例如: His first question was whether Holmes had arrived yet. 它的第一个问题是福尔摩斯是否已经到了。,a,19,6. 在demand、order、suggest、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求

16、、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。例如: I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 7. 动词doubt 如果用于肯定句,其后的宾语从句常用if/whether引导,如果用于否定句或疑问句,宾语从句则用that引导。如: I doubt if/whether our football team will win the match. I dont doubt that I can defeat him in the contest.,a,20,同位语从句,同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。 可用

17、于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。如: (1)The news that we won the game is exciting. 引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who。连接副词how, when, where等。(注:if不能引导同位语从句。) I have no idea when he will come ba

18、ck home. He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.,他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。,a,21,名词性从句的重难点,引导词what和that 的区别 what :引导名词性从句且在从句中作成分(主语,宾语,表语等),相当于all that/ everything that。常译为 “的(东西,事情等) that:只起连接作用,本身无实际意义且在从句中不充当任何成分。 如:What he did was for you. I hope that everything is all right.,a,22,

19、2. 引导词who 和whoever的区别 Whoever: 意为“无论谁”,相当于anyone who 或those who,它既是从句的主语,又是主句的主语。 Who:意为“谁”,它只作从句的主语,who引导的从句才是主句的主语。 如:Whoever is the first to come will get a gift. Who will get the gift is not important.,a,23,3. 引导词what和whatever的区别 两者意思差不多,只是whatever的语气更强,有 “任何一切”的意思。 如:Parents shouldnt give the c

20、hildren whatever they want. Thats what I want. 4. that 引导的主语从句位于句首时,that不能省略。 如:That he will win the match is certain.,a,24,5. What引导主语从句时,如果表示复数概念,谓语动词用复数; 如果表示单数概念,谓语动词用单数。 如:What we need are some books. What we need is water. 6.名词性从句应用陈述语序。 如:She is thinking of how she can help us.,a,25,7. Thats

21、why 后加结果 Thats because 后加原因 如:He is late. Thats because he got up late this morning. He got up late this morning. Thats why he is late today.,a,26,8. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 同位语从句是对前面名词进行补充说明或解释,从句一般是完整的句子,引导词只起引导作用,不做句子成分。 定语从句是对其前的名词加以限制和修饰,从句本身不够完整, 引导词在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 如: The fact that she has not known th

22、e result of the exam is clear. The fact (which/that/不填 )she told me yesterday is very important.,a,27,巩固练习:,一、判断下列各句是什么从句 。 1. China is no longer what it used to be. 2. The truth that the earth turns around the sun is known to all. 3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station. 4. How he persuade

23、d the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all. 5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.,a,28,二、用适当的连词填空,1. I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy. 2. T

24、hats _ he refused my invitation. 3. I am very interested in _ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time. 4. _ we need is more time. 5. The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody. 6. _ and _ they will meet has not been decided yet. 7. Please tell me _ you are

25、 waiting for. 8. Is that _ you are looking for?,how,Where,that,What,whom/who,what,why,which,when,a,29,三单项选择,1. _that they found an unusual plant in the forest. A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says 2. _ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. That B. What C. How D. Where 3

26、. It worried Mary a lot _ she would pass the college entrance examination. A. whether B. if C. that D. how 4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isnt like _ it used to be . A .that B. how C. what D. which,A,B,A,C,a,30,5. _ is no possibility _ Bob will win the first prize in the match. There, that

27、B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether 6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _ he had done the day before. A .that B. how C .what D. where 7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _ up to be during the past few years. A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown 8. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _. A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting

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