软件工程复习(英文)

1、1. Which question no longer concerns the modern software engineer? （a） 现如今的软件工程师不再考虑以下哪个问题？ a. Why does computer hardware cost so much? 计算机硬件为什么如此昂贵 b. Why does software take a long time to finish? c. Why does it cost so much to develop a piece of software? d. Why cant software errors be removed fro

2、m products prior to delivery? 2. Software deteriorates rather than wears out because（c） 软件通常是变坏而不是磨损的原因是 a. Software suffers from exposure to hostile environments b. Defects are more likely to arise after software has been used often c. Multiple change requests introduce errors in component interact

3、ions 在组件交互中需求发生变化导致错误 d. Software spare parts become harder to order 3. Most software continues to be custom built because（d）大多数软件产品是定制的原因是 a. Component reuse is common in the software world b. Reusable components are too expensive to use c. Software is easier to build without using someone elses co

4、mponents. d. Off the shelf software components are not commonly available 现成的软件组件不常用4. The nature of software applications can be characterized by their information（d） 软件应用的本质可以被特色化，通过他们信息的 a. complexity b. content 内容 c. determinacy （确定性） d. choices b and c5. Adding more people to a project that is

5、already behind schedule is a good way to catch up. （F）添加更多的人到一个项目，已经落后于时间表是赶上一个很好的方式6. Change cannot be easily accommodated in most software systems, unless a system was designed with change in mind.（T） 需求变化不适应于大多数的软件系统，除非软件在设计之初便考虑了变化因素7. Which of the items listed below is not one of the software e

6、ngineering layers?（b）下面列出的项目是不是一个软件工程的层？ a. Process b. Manufacturing 制造业 c. Methods d. Tools8. What are the three generic phases of software engineering? （a） 软件工程的三个一般的阶段是 a. definition, development, support 定义阶段、开发阶段、维护阶段 b. what, how, where c. programming, debugging, maintenance d. analysis, desig

7、n, testing 9. Which of these terms is a level name in the Capability Maturity Model?（b） a. Ad hoc b. Repeatable 可重复的 c. Reusable d. Organized 10. The linear sequential model of software development is （a） 软件开发中的线性模型是 a. A reasonable approach when requirements are well defined. 当需求被良好定义时的合理开发方式。 b. A

8、 good approach when a working program is required quickly. c. The best approach to use for projects with large development teams. d. An old fashioned model that is rarely used any more. 11.The prototyping model of software development is （b）软件开发中的原型模型是 a. A reasonable approach when requirements are

9、well defined. b. A useful approach when a customer cannot define requirements clearly. 当客户无法清晰定义需求时的有效开发方式 c. The best approach to use for projects with large development teams. d. A risky model that rarely produces a meaningful product. 6. The rapid application development model is （c）快速开发模型是 a. An

10、other name for component-based development. b. A useful approach when a customer cannot define requirements clearly. c. A high speed adaptation of the linear sequential model. 线性顺序模型的高速适应方式 d. All of the above. 7. The incremental model of software development is（b） 软件开发中的增量模型是 a. A reasonable approa

11、ch when requirements are well defined. b. A good approach when a working core product is required quickly. 当核心产品需要被迅速开发时的良好开发方式 c. The best approach to use for projects with large development teams. d. A revolutionary model that is not used for commercial products. 8. The spiral model of software de

12、velopment（c） 螺旋开发模型 a. Ends with the delivery of the software product b. Is more chaotic than the incremental model c. Includes project risks evaluation during each iteration在每个迭代中都包括项目风险评估 d. All of the above 1. One of the most difficult parts of software requirements analysis is ensuring the devel

13、oper understands the customers needs.（T）软件需求分析中最困难的部分之一是确保开发人员了解客户的需求。2. Which of these people would not be likely to part of the FAST team? （a） a. software engineers b. developing representative c. marketing representatives d. senior financial officers3. Which of these requirements are not consider

14、ed during quality function deployment(QFD)?（a） a. exciting requirements b. expected requirement c. normal requirements d. technology requirements 4. Information flow represents the manner in which data and control （b）信息流表示其中数据及控制以这样的方式 a. are related to one another. b. change as each moves through t

15、he system. 转变为整个系统的每个动作。 c. will be implemented in the final design. d. none of the above. 5. In the context of requirements analysis, two types of problem partitioning are （a）在需求分析的背景下，两种类型的问题划分为 a. bottom-up and top-down b. horizontal and vertical c. subordinate and superordinate d. none of the ab

16、ove 6. Which view should be considerd first during software requirements analysis?（c） 在软件需求分析中哪个看法首先应该考虑的？ a. actor view b. data view c. essential view d. implementation view7. Which of the following is not a principle that should be followed when creating a specification?以下哪一项不是必须建立一个规范时，应遵循一个原则？（b

17、） a. create a cognitive model rather than a design model b. make sure the specification dots every i and crosses every t c. Establish the context in which software operates d. separate functionality from implementation8. Which of the following is not a guideline for representing requirements?（d） a.

18、diagrams should be restricted in number and consistent in use b. representation format and content should be relevant to the content c. representations should be revisable d. use no more than 7 plus or minus 2 colors in any diagrams 1. The state transition diagram （d）状态转换图 a. depicts relationships b

19、etween data objects b. depicts functions that transform the data flow c. indicates how data are transformed by the system d. indicates system reactions to external events 用于显示系统反应外部事件2. The data model consists of three pieces of interrelated information （d） a. attributes b. data objects c. relations

20、hips d. all of the above 3. The relationships shown in a data model must be classified to show their（c）在一个数据模型中显示的关系必须被分类，以显示他们的 a. Width and depth b. Directionality and reliability c. cardinality and modality 基数和方式 d. probability and risk 4. For purposes of behavior modeling a state is any （c） 对于行为

21、建模的目的，一个状态是任何 a. consumer or producer of data. b. data object hierarchy. c. observable mode of behavior. 观察到的行为模式 d. well defined process. 5. The data dictionary contains descriptions of each software（b） 数据字典包含了每个软件的说明 a. configuration item b. data object 数据对象 c. diagram d. notation 6. The data flow

22、 diagram must be augmented by descriptive text in order to describe the functional requirements for a software product. （T） 数据流图必须通过描述性文本以描述为一个软件产品的功能性要求进行扩充。1. Which of the following is not an area of concern in the design model? （d） 以下哪一项不是在设计模式关注的一个区域？ a. architecture b. data c. interfaces d. pro

23、ject scope 项目范围2. The importance of software design can be summarized in a single word （d）软件设计的重要性，可以归纳为一个字 a. accuracy b. complexity c. efficiency d. quality 质量3. Which of these is a characteristic of a good design? （b） 哪一个良好的设计特点？ a. exhibits strong coupling between its modules b. implements all r

24、equirements in the analysis model 实现在分析模型中的所有规定 c. includes test cases for all components d. incorporates source code for descriptive purposes 5. The control hierarchy represents the （b）控制层次代表了 a. decision order b. organization of modules 组织模块 c. repetition of operations d. sequence of processes6. S

25、oftware procedure focuses on the （c）软件过程关注于 a. control hierarchy in a more abstract sense. b. processing details of each module individually. c. processing details of each the set of modules collectively. 每个处理的细节的模块集合统称 d. relationship between control and procedure.7 To achieve high modularity of so

26、ftware components you need （C）为了达到你需要的软件组件的高度模块化 a. high coupling and high cohesion b. high coupling and low cohesion c. low coupling and high cohesion 低耦合和高聚合 d. low coupling and low cohesion8. Cohesion is a qualitative indication of the degree to which a module （b） 凝聚力是在何种程度上一个模块的定性指示 a. can be wr

27、itten more compactly. b. focuses on just one thing. 专注于一件事 c. is able to complete its function in a timely manner. d. is connected to other modules and the outside world. 9. Coupling is a qualitative indication of the degree to which a module （d）耦合是一个模块在何种程度上定性指标 a. can be written more compactly. b.

28、 focuses on just one thing. c. is able to complete its function in a timely manner. d. is connected to other modules and the outside world. 连接到其他的模块和外界1. In transaction mapping the first level factoring results in the（c） 在事务处理映射的第一层因子分解结果在 a. creation of a CFD b. derivation of the control hierarchy

29、c. distribution of worker modules 职工的模块分布 d. refinement of the module view 2. A necessary supplement to transform or transaction mapping needed to create a complete architectural design is （c）一个必要的补充，改造或交易映射需要建立一个完整的体系结构设计 a. entity relationship diagrams b. the data dictionary c. processing narrativ

30、es for each module 每个模块的处理叙述 d. test cases for each module 1. Which of the following interface design principles does not allow the user to remain in control of the interaction with a computer? （d）以下哪项界面设计原则不允许用户保持与计算机的交互控制？ a. allow interaction to interruptible b. allow interaction to be undoable c

31、. hide technical internals from casual users d. only provide one rigidly defined method for accomplishing a task 只为完成任务提供1个严格的定义方法2. Which of the following interface design principles reduce the users memory load? （d）以下哪项界面设计原则减少用户的记忆负担？ a. define intuitive shortcuts 定义直观的快捷键 b. disclose information

32、 in a progressive以循序渐进的信息公开 c. establish meaningful defaults 建立有意义的默认值 d. all of the above 3. Interface consistency implies that （a）接口的一致性意味着 a. input mechanisms remain the same throughout the application 整个应用程序输入的机制保持不变 b. each application should have its own distinctive look and feel c. applicatio

33、n methods are context sensitive d. answers a and b 4. the implementers of the system create a（c） a. design model b. user model c. system image 系统映像 d. system perception 5. The following common design issues surface for almost every user interface: （b） 以下常见的设计问题的表面，几乎每一个用户界面： a. adaptive user profile

34、s and functional shortcuts b. error handling and system response time 错误处理和系统响应时间 c. resolution of graphics displays and design of icons d. none of the above 1. Which of the following is not a fundamental structured programming construct? （a）下列哪项不是一个根本性的结构化编程结构？ a. recursion(递归) b. condition c. repe

35、tition d. sequence 2. Which of these is a graphical notation for depicting procedural detail?（a） 哪一项是描绘程序细节的图形表示法？ a. data flow diagram 数据流程图 b. decision table c. ER diagram d. graph matrix3. In general, box diagrams and flowcharts should （a） 一般来说，盒图和流程图应该是（） a. be used in place of programming desig

36、n languages b. be used to document the entire design or not at all c. only be used to document or evaluate design in specific instances d. none of the above 4. A decision table should be used （d）应该使用决策表 a. to document all conditional statements b. to guide the development of the project management p

37、lan c. only when building an expert system d. when a complex set of conditions and actions appears in a component 当一个复杂的条件和行动出现在一个组件5. A program design language (PDL) is often a （d） 程序设计语言（PDL）往往是一个 a. useful way to represent software architecture b. legitimate(合理的)programming language in its own ri

38、ght c. machine readable software development language d. combination of programming constructs and narrative text 程序结构与叙事文本的结合1. Which of these are objectives for software testing? （d）这些软件测试的目标是什么？ a. determine the productivity of programmers b. eliminate the need for future program maintenance c. e

39、liminate every error prior to release d. uncover software errors 发现软件错误2. What types of errors are missed by black-box testing and can be uncovered by white-box testing?（b）黑盒测试中的错误是什么类型的，可以通过白盒测试来发现？ a. behavioral errors b. subtle logic errors 微妙的逻辑错误 c. performance errors d. input error 3. The cycl

40、omatic complexity metric provides the designer with information regarding the number of （c）圈复杂度度量提供设计师的一些信息 a. cycles in the program b. errors in the program c. independent logic paths in the program 程序中的独立逻辑路径 d. statements in the program 4. Black-box testing attempts to find errors in which of the

41、 following categories（a） a. incorrect or missing functions b. interface errors c. performance errors d. all of the above 1. What is the normal order of activities in which software testing is organized?（a） 活动中，软件测试组织的正常秩序是什么？ a. unit, integration, system, validation 单元，集成，系统，验证 b. system, integratio

42、n, unit, validation c. unit, integration, validation, system d. none of the above 2. Top-down integration testing has as its major advantage that （b） a. low level modules never need testing b. major decision points are tested early 主要的决策点是早试验 c. no stubs need to be written d. none of the above 3. Bo

43、ttom-up integration testing has as its major advantage that （c）自下而上的整合测试，作为它的主要优势 a. major decision points are tested early b. no drivers need to be written c. no stubs need to be written d. regression testing is not required 4. Which of the following is an approach to debugging? （d）以下哪一项是方法调试？ a. b

44、acktracking 回溯算法 b. brute force 暴力破解 c. cause elimination 消除原因 d. all of the above 1. The waterfall model of software development is also known as the ( a) 瀑布模型的软件开发也被称为 A. Classical life cycle model 古典生命周期模型 B. Fountain model C. Spiral model D. Chaos model . 2. The incremental model of software dev

45、elopment is ( B ) 增量的软件开发模型是 A. A reasonable approach when requirements are well defined. B. A good approach when a working core product is required quickly. 一种好方法，当一个工作核心产品时需要快速 C. The best approach to use for projects with large development teams. D. A revolutionary model that is not used for comm

46、ercial products. The process of establishing the services that the customer requires from a system and the constraints under which it operates and is developed.The requirements themselves are the descriptions of the system services and constraints that are Deliver software that meets the customers e

47、xpectations.1. What is software? Instructions、data structures and documents.指令、数据结构和文档Computer programs and associated documentation. 计算机程序和相关文档。2. How do software characteristics differ from hardware characteristics?软件特性如何与硬件特性不同？Software is developed, not manufactured. 软件开发，而不是制造。Most software is

48、custom built.大多数软件都是定制的。3. What do people mean by the expression software crisis?“软件危机”表达的意思是什么意思？ Some problems encountered in the development and maintenance of computer software.在计算机软件的开发和维护中遇到的一些问题。4. What myths about software still exist ?软件还存在什么误区？management myths管理误区customer myths 客户误区practit

49、ioners myths 从业者的误区1. What are the three generic phases of software engineering? 什么是软件工程的三个通用阶段?(1) Definition phase 定义阶段(2) Development phase发展阶段(3) Support phase支持阶段2.What are the names of the five levels of the SEI Capability Maturity Model? SEI 的能力成熟度模型的五个层次的名称? Level 1- initial or ad hoc level初

50、始或特设的水平 Level 2 - repeatable level可重复级 Level 3 - defined level级别定义 Level 4 - managed level管理水平 Level 5 -optimizing level优化级别3. Describe the phases of the prototyping model for software development.描述原型模型的软件开发的阶段 1.listen to customer听听客户 2.build mock-up建立实体模型 3.customer test-drives mock-up客户试车模拟4. Wh

51、y are evolutionary models considered by many to be the best approach to software development?为什么进化模型被许多人认为是软件开发的最佳方法？most importantly, reflects what really happens when complex systems are built.最重要的是，反映的是真实发生的，复杂的系统建设1. What are the five phases of software requirements analysis? 什么是软件需求分析的五个阶段? Pro

52、blem recognition问题识别 Evaluation and synthesis评价和合成 Modeling建模 Specification规格 Review审查1. What are three primary objectives of the analysis model?什么是三个主要目标的分析模型?to describe what the customer requires来描述客户的要求to establish a basis for the creation of a software design建立软件设计创作的基础to define a set of requir

53、ements that can be validated once the software is built定义一组一旦建立了该软件，则可以进行验证的要求2. What are the data modeling elements represented in the entity relationship diagram (ERD)?代表的实体关系图 (ERD) 中的数据建模元素有哪些? Data objects - any entity producing or consuming information数据对象-任何实体生产或消费信息 Attributes - data characteristics associated with a data object instance属性-与一个数据对象实例相关联的数据特性 Relationships - indicate manner in which data objects are connected关系的表示的方式中，数据连接对象2. List three characteristics that can serve as a guide to evaluate design quality. 列出可以