英语句子成分

1、英语重结构，汉语重语义。,“就句子的结构而论，西洋语言是法治的，中国语言是人治的。” -王力,文章,段落,句子,词组,单词,句子成分,主语,谓语,宾语,状语,定语,补语,表语,句子的成分,表示句子所说的是 “什么人”或“什么事物”,主 语,Gina is from Australia. She often goes to the movies. Three is enough. Doing the work is hard for him. To see is to believe. What he needs is a book.,-名词 -代词 -数词 -动名词 -不定式 -主语从句,主语

2、在哪里,The young should respect the old.,Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.,What he has said is true.,Seeing is believing.,说明主语“做什么” 或“怎么样”, 谓语通常是动词。,主谓要一致,谓 语,We love China.,He has a bad cold.,We have finished reading this book.,谓语在哪里,They can speak English well.,助动词和情态动词须和实义动词一起构成谓语,He looked after

3、 two boys.,They enjoyed playing computer games.,表示动作, 行为的对象 说明主语“做什么”,宾 语,He is looking at the dog.,宾语一般放在及物动词或介词后,宾 语,Tom teaches us English.,双宾语,人是间接宾语，物是直接宾语,My brother hasnt done his homework. A B C D,宾语在哪里,I bought a computer last week. A B C D,说明主语“是什么”, “怎么样” 位于系动词之后,表 语,Her mother is a teach

4、er.,The food tastes delicious.,He always kept silent at meeting.,系动词,状态系动词 表示主语状态、身份等，主要有be。,I am hungry.,持续系动词 表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay等。,He became mad after that.,系动词,感官系动词 主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look等。,This flower smells very sweet.,变化系动词 表示主语变化，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, g

5、et, go, come等。,找出表语,Every thing looks nice.,His face turned red.,He is happy.,修饰名词或代词,定 语,Shes a good basketball player.,Whats your name?,The girl with long hair is my sister.,找出定语,Some people forgot to sweep the floor. A B C D,The man downstairs was trying to sleep. A B C D,修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句, 说明时间、地点、

6、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率、伴随、目的等。,状 语,The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machines.,He sat there quietly.,找出状语,He began writing when he was eleven. A B C D,There was a big smile on her face. A B C D,用来补充说明宾语的情况,宾语 补足语,We elected him our monitor.,He asked her to take the boy out of school.,I

7、 saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. A B C D,They call me Lily sometimes. A B C D,找出宾补,I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday., 主语, 谓 语, 定语, 宾 语, 同位语, 状 语,Summary,练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型 太阳升起来了。(rise) 她喜欢看书。 他的脸红了。(turn red) 4. 我给他看我的照片。 5. 他们把门漆成绿色。(paint),练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型 太阳从东方升起来了。(rise) 她喜欢看书。

8、他的脸红了。(turn red) 4. 我给他看我的照片。 5. 他们把门漆成绿色。(paint),The sun has risen in the east. She enjoys reading. His face turned red. I showed him my pictures. They painted the door green.,简单句的五种基本句型,1 主语+谓语（不及物动词）（S+Vi型）,He came. She dances.,yesterday evening.,two hours.,in the past ten years.,1她昨天回家很晚。,2会议将持续

9、两个小时。,3在过去的十年里，（在）我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。,She went home,very late,The meeting will last,Great changes have taken place,in my home town,巩固练习：,2 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(S+Vt+O),I saw her. They like watching TV.,1昨晚我写了一封信。,2今天下午我想同你谈谈。,3这本书他读过多次了,4他们成功地完成了计划。,5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。,I wrote a letter,last night.,I want to talk

10、with you,this afternoon.,He has read this book,many times.,They have carried out the plan,successfully.,That gentleman can speak three languages,fluently.,巩固练习：,简单句的基本句型3 双宾语结构,3 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt+IO+DO) (IO indirect),I gave her a book. She showed her friends all the pictures.,汉译英练习 双宾语结构 说明：

11、由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如， He brings me cookies every day. She made me a beautiful dress. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如，,He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。,常跟双宾语的动词有： （需借助to的）bring, give, lend, h

12、and, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。 （需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。,1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 4他把车票给列车员看。,Mr Johnson taught us German,last year.,Grandma told me an interesting

13、 story,last night.,Would you please pass me the dictionary?,He showed the ticket to the conductor.,4 主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P),I am a student. She looks very young.,英语基本句型-4主系表结构 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有: 1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, st

14、ay, keep, continue, stand; 3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;,巩固练习： 1冬季白天短，夜晚长 2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 3孩子们很少保持安静。 4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。,In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.,At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.,Children seldom keep quiet.,Her job is to look a

15、fter the children in the nursery.,5 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (S+Vt+O+OC),I asked Mary to help me. We call our headmaster a wise man.,巩固练习： 1我们叫她Alice. 2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3他们把小偷释放了。 4我要你把真相告诉我。 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。 6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 7他每个月理一次发 8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。,We call her Alice.,All of us considered him honest.,They have s

16、et the thief free.,I want you to tell me the truth.,The guards ordered us to leave at once.,Every morning we hear him read English aloud.,He has his hair cut once a month.,We wont let her go out at night.,请说出下列句子类型。,1.Summer is coming. 2.They are drinking water. 3.He showed me a new TV set. 4.She to

17、ld me what to do. 5.The weather is very cold.,S+V,S+V+C,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+O+C,S+V+P,英语基本句型6 There be 句型,英语基本句型6 There be 句型 说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+其他”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如： There stands a hill

18、in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.,be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如： 现在有 There is/are 过去有 There was/were 将来有 There will be； There is /are going to be. 现在已经有 There has/have been 可能有 There might be. 肯定有 There must be There must have been. 过去曾经有 There used to be 似乎有 There seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 There happen/happens/happened to be ,巩固练习： 1这个村子过去只有一口井。 2客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 3天气预报说下午有大风。 4灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 5