bb平台答案#知识参考

1、Directions: Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OnePerhaps the most important defining characteristic of a human being is culture. The term culture as used

2、 here is not limited to operas, paintings, and other artistic endeavors. These are seen by anthropologists (人类学家) as examples of culture: culture itself is the customary manner in which human groups learn to organize their behavior and thought in relation to their environment. Defined in this manner

3、, culture has three principal aspects: behavioral, perceptual and material. The behavioral component refers to how people act, especially how they interact with each other. In child rearing (养育) , for example, parents and children tend to interact in a relatively patterned fashion. Then there is the

4、 manner of perception, the ways people perceive the world. For example, parents have a limited range of ideas about how they should act, and what significance parenthood carries in the scheme of things. Finally, there is the material component of culture the physical objects that we produce. Most of

5、 what goes into making up culture is a result of learning modifying behavior in response to experience within an environment. Learning is practically universal among organisms. But no other organism has a greater capacity for learning than a human, or depends as much on learned behavior for its surv

6、ival.While the survival of most other organisms is to some extent safeguarded by instincts, humans rely heavily on culture for their survival. People must learn how to live in a particular social and physical setting, biology playing but a minimal (最小限度的) role.The ideas and modes of behavior that co

7、nstitute culture are transmitted largely by a complex system of symbols that includes language. Humans have evolved an extremely complex system of communication that is unique to our species. Without it the creation of human culture as we know it would be impossible. 1.What is the definition of cult

8、ure by anthropologists? 问题 1 答案C) Behavioral, perceptual and material components interacting with each other. B) Customary manners of behavior and thought related to the environment. A) Operas, paintings and may other artistic activities as a whole. D) The different ways people perceive the physical

9、 world. 问题 2 文本 问题 21 分 保存 2.According to the passage, the behavior of making tools for producing material objects should fall within the category of _ component of culture.问题 2 答案C) material A) behavioral D) artisticB) perceptual问题 3 文本 问题 31 分 保存 3. Learning is most essential for _. 问题 3 答案C) huma

10、n beings to respond to experience within an environment B) all the organisms to acquire learned behavior D) human beings to survive and live in a society A) all the organisms to survive 问题 4 文本 问题 41 分 保存 4. Whats the element to human culture?问题 4 答案B) Biological adaptation to the environment D) Lea

11、rning to survive C) Safeguarding by instincts A) Communication in language. 问题 5 文本 问题 51 分 保存 5. Which of the following statements is True? 问题 5 答案D) If there were no language communication, humans couldnt have created the present culture. A) The capacity for learning can only be observed in human

12、beings. B) Biology plays an important role in humans living in a social and physical setting C) Human behavior and thought do not have anything to do with culture.Passage TwoThe best kept secret in San Diego is waiting to offer you a delightful getaway without leaving town.Less than three years ago,

13、 the Parisi Hotel was just an office building above the shops on the corner of Prospect Street. Now, that valuable space is an intimate luxury hotel with several rooms overlooking the ocean. Youll be amazed when you enter from the corner and ascend the curving staircase to the second-floor lobby. It

14、 will take you into a different world.What will you find when you enter the large contemporary lobby is a handsome and peaceful space that was designed with a hint of Tuscany in its modern Mediterranean (地中海式的) style. The lobby has a large fireplace with comfortable sofas in warm neutral colors surr

15、ounding it. Youll feel relaxed just sitting there with its skylight overhead letting in the morning sun.All the rooms are more like suites (套房), with large comfortable beds, beautiful baths and stylish custom-designed furnishings and art throughout.The Parisi Hotel is the perfect place for seniors b

16、ecause its quiet and restful with only 20 rooms. You wont find many hotels like this in the center of a tourist town.The shops are all around you. Likewise for some of the citys best restaurants, you will never have to take your car out of the garage during your stay. And, by the way, the undergroun

17、d parking lot at the Parisi Hotel is free for hotel guests.Once you stay at this little gem (珍品), youll want to return again and again. I know we do. Its a perfect place for seniors.Rates for standard suites begin at $275. You can call the hotel for reservation at (858) 454-1513. The Parisi Hotel is

18、 located at 1111 Prospect St. right across from La Valencia. 1.The Parisi Hotel is described as _. 问题 1 答案B) a large hotel famous for its rooms facing the ocean D) a tourist attraction full of amazing corners A) a luxury hotel with comfortable facilities C) a good place for escaping away from the no

19、isy city 问题 2 文本 问题 21 分 保存 2.When you enter the lobby, you will find that _.问题 2 答案A) it is decorated with Mediterranean furniture C) there is a large fireplace burning all the time B) the walls are painted in warm neutral bright colors D) sunlight comes through the window in the sloping roof 问题 3

20、文本 问题 31 分 保存 3.Why is the Parisi Hotel suitable for old people? 问题 3 答案A) Because all the rooms are like suites. B) Because it has fashionable furnishingsC) Because it is in the center of the town. D) Because it is peaceful to stay there. 问题 4 文本 问题 41 分 保存 4.What special benefit can people get whi

21、le staying in the Parisi Hotel问题 4 答案C) They can buy things cheaper in nearby shops. B) They can enjoy free parking. D) They can make a reservation by phone. A) They dont need to drive to eat out in a restaurant. 问题 5 文本 问题 51 分 保存 5.Which of the following statements is True? 问题 5 答案A) The Parisi Ho

22、tel is a small restful hotel. C) The Parisi Hotel is in a secret place in San Diego. B) Most guests staying the hotel are old people. D) You must make a reservation before entering the hotelBombay wasnt the ideal place to get sick not when my doctor, family and friends were half a world away. I was

23、alone, quite ill and had to delay my flight home. Luckily, when booking my ticket months before, I had bought travel insurance. So my illness didnt cost me a cent. Its actually pretty simple. A lot of unforeseen things can happen to you when youre traveling. Make sure youre prepared for all of them.

24、 A good health insurance policy will get you proper medical attention anywhere in the world outside your home province at the insurance companys expense. The company will send you home if it is considered medically necessary and, if youre sick enough, it will send a nurse to accompany you. If you en

25、d up in a hospital and a doctor recommends that a family member come to your bedside, the insurance company will pay for it. You may even get pocket money to make your hospital stay more comfortable. When I was sick in Bombay, I called the insurance company collect. It paid for a doctor (who came to

26、 my hotel room), all my medication, an extra night in the hotel and all my meals. Picture it: the day before your big trip to Vancouver, you wake up with appendicitis (阑尾炎). You have no choice you have to cancel your trip. Your ticket, like most, is non-refundable and you cant make any changes. Your

27、e about to lose all the money you put out for the ticket unless you bought cancellation insurance beforehand. Most travel plans include some form of non-refundable element: your deposit, your flights, your cruise, your stay at the all-inclusive resort. That non-refundable portion is what youll lose

28、if you have to cancel your trip in the event that you get sick and you dont have cancellation insurance. 1. What happened to the author when he was in Bombay? 问题 1 答案B) He didnt buy travel insurance. D) He couldnt get in touch with his family and friends. A) He fell ill and couldnt go home as schedu

29、ledC) He spent a lot of money on curing his illness. 问题 2 文本 问题 21 分 保存 With a health insurance policy, if you get sick traveling away from home, _. 问题 2 答案D) you may get a nurse from the insurance company to take care of you A) you may get pocket money from the local hospital you are in C) you may

30、choose to stay in the best local hospital B) your family members may go to see you at the insurance companys expense 问题 3 文本 问题 31 分 保存 3. Which item was paid by the insurance company when the author was ill in Bombay? 问题 3 答案C) All his meals at his hotelD) His travel insurance policy. A) His trip t

31、o Bombay B) All his hotel rates. 问题 4 文本 问题 41 分 保存 4.With cancellation insurance, you can _. 问题 4 答案B) get your money back when canceling your travel ticket C) enjoy a reduced rate of travel expense D) buy a refundable ticket at the ticket office A) have a choice where to go and where to stay 问题 5

32、文本 问题 51 分 保存 5.From the passage we may say that _. 问题 5 答案B) a cancellation insurance policy can make your trip safe and comfortable D) travel insurance is strongly recommended when you travel away from home A) a health insurance policy is more useful than a cancellation insurance policy C) when yo

33、u get sick while traveling away from home, youd better buy a health insurance Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards ca

34、n improve performance at work and school. Cognitive (认知学派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But th

35、e careful use of small monetary (金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus

36、 on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity, says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Neward. But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. A teacher who continually draws attention to reward

37、s or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economi

38、es, in which students handle challenging problems and receive rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. 1.Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward_ 问题 1 答案C. the study of relationship between actions and their consequencesD. the

39、 effects of external rewards on students performanceB. the amount of monetary rewards for student creativityA. the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards问题 2 文本 问题 21 分 保存 2.What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?问题 2 答案C. They approve of t

40、hem.B. They have doubts about themD. They avoid talking about themA. They have no doubts about them问题 3 文本 问题 31 分 保存 3. Which of the following can best raise students creativity according to Robert Eisenberger? 问题 3 答案D. Giving them rewards they anticipate.C. Giving them rewards they really deserve

41、.A. Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with beforeB. Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.问题 4 文本 问题 41 分 保存 4. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe _ 问题 4 答案B. punishment is more effective th

42、an rewarding D. discouraging the students anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgencyC. failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standardsA. rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students问题 5 文本 问题 51 分 保存 5. The phrase token economies (Line 1, Para.

43、5) probably refers to _.问题 5 答案D. methods of improving performanceA. ways to develop economyC. approaches to solving problemsB. systems of rewarding studentsIn the evolution of mammals from reptiles(爬行动物), there was a succession of physical changes: the development of warm blood, body hair instead o

44、f scales, and the beginning of the nursing of the young. This radical physical transformation provided mammals with a greater tolerance for external temperature and required reliance on specialized food types. When the dominant dinosaurs（恐龙）became extinct, the Age of Mammals began. For the rest 60 m

45、illion years mammals expanded into the biological vacuum which they were better equipped to exploit than all but a few varieties of reptiles.The habitat of life forms on earth has been the entire planet, conveniently dividing the world into the birds of the air, the fish of the sea, and the creature

46、s of the land. The evolutionary process also created sea-dwelling mammals who appeared to reverse the process of evolution as they returned to the sea. The whales limbs became flipperlike, and they lost the hair on their bodies, suiting them better to aquatic life.On the other hand, in the course of

47、 the evolution of birds from reptiles, there was a succession of changes in the bone, muscle, and skin structures of the animals. This wholesale restructuring of some reptiles over a period of thousands of years equipped the new animals to escape their predators and to find food more easily. But the

48、 evolutionary process did not stop there. Once adapted to flight, some birds continued to change and the process seemed to reverse itself. As penguins（企鹅）adapted to marine life, their wings changed to flippers and their feathers to a waterproof covering, thus suiting the birds for a semi-aquatic exi

49、stence.1.The Age of Mammals began when _问题 1 答案A. animals evolved from reptilesD. the dominant dinosaurs died out C. animals were more tolerant to external temperature B. animals nursed the young问题 2 文本 问题 21 分 保存 2.It can be concluded from this passage that the ancestors of whales _问题 2 答案D. had to

50、o many offspringA. were fishC. lived on the land B. chased reptiles 问题 3 文本 问题 31 分 保存 3. In paragraph 2, the word aquatic is closest in meaning to _问题 3 答案A. of earthC. of river D. of water B. of land问题 4 文本 问题 41 分 保存 4. Certain reptiles gradually became able to escape quickly by _. 问题 4 答案B. beco

51、ming smaller and strongerA. acquiring new structural featuresD. changing their eating habitsC. finding food more easily问题 5 文本 问题 51 分 保存 5. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?问题 5 答案D. The Adaptation of Whales and Penguins.A. The Evolution of Mammals.B. The Evolution of

52、 Life on Earth.C. The Disappearance of Reptiles.The temperature of the Sun is over 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center. The Sun is so much hotter than the Earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except at the core. In the cor

53、e of the Sun, the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core. However, no one really knows, since the center of the Sun can never be directly observed.Solar astronomers do know that the Sun is divided into five layers or zones. Starti

54、ng at the outside and going down into the Sun, the zones are the corona, chromospheres, photosphere, convection zone, and finally the core. The first three zones are regarded as the Suns atmosphere. But since the Sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main body of the Sun begins.The Suns outermost layer begins about 10,000 miles above the visible surface and goes outward for millions of miles. This is the only part of the Sun that can be seen during an eclipse such as the one in