2012届高考英语语法精品学案：专题十一 名词性从句

1、 名词性从句一直备受高考命题者的关注，近几年来的高考题主要考查在具体语境中连接词的选择，尤其是连接词what和that的辨析，以及whether 与if表示“是否”时的区别。因此，正确区分名词性从句的类型，根据在从句中的作用和所表达的意义，确定恰当的连接词是一轮复习的重点。此外，名词性从句和定语从句的辨析，也是高考考查的重点。 一、认识各种名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句具体分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / if，连接代词what / who(m)/ which /

2、whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how 。从名词性从句在句中所起的作用来说，名词性从句是句子不可缺少的一部分，和句子的其他成分之间也不会用逗号隔开。而定语从句和状语从句是句子中的修饰成分，去掉之后不会影响句子主体结构的完整性。这是判断是否是名词性从句最主要的特征。如：I wonder how much these shoes cost. (宾语从句，不可省去)He is the very man I look after. (定语从句，修饰the man)You may bor

3、row the book as long as you keep it clean. (状语从句)1主语从句Who will go is not important. It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not. (形式主语it代替后面的真正的主语从句)注意：that引导主语从句放于句首时，不能省略。That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 2表语从句The question was who could go there. My idea is that we c

4、an get more people to help in the work. That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet. It looked as if it was going to rain. 3 .宾语从句I hope (that) everything is all right. 注意：(1)that在引导宾语从句时，常可省略，但如果有两个以上的宾语从句时，最后一个从句的that不能省略。如：I know (that) he has just graduated from college and that he is looking

5、for a job. (2)如果动词宾语后又有补语，那么要使用it作形式宾语，然后把宾语从句放在补语之后。如：I make it known that well be invited to the ball. (3)如果主句的谓语动词的时态是一般过去时，那么从句的时态要采用相应的与过去有关的时态，但如果从句描述的是客观事实，从句时态不可调整“呼应”。如：She remembered that she had left her wallet at the school gate. Our teacher said that light travels faster than sound. 4同位

6、语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词(如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后，说明该名词的具体内容。如：I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 注意：在动词：一坚持(insist)、二命令(order，command)、三建议(suggest，advise，recommend)、四要求(demand，require，request，ask)后的宾语从句和这些动词的过去分词后的主

7、语从句，以及这些动词的名词引出的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语部分常用(should)do形式。如：He insisted that he (should) try once again. His advice is that everyone (should) do his best to help the poor girl. It is required that students (should) attend at least 90% of the lectures. 二、名词性从句的连接词名词性从句的连接词是名词性从句中最核心的问题，也是高考的常考点。连接词的选择要考虑它在从句中的作

8、用和所表达的意义。连接词词义在句中所例句作成分从属连词that/The problem is that we dont haveenough money.if/ whether是否/ The question is whether they have so much money.连接词词义在句中所例句作成分连接代词who/whom/which/whose/what原疑问代词的意义；what更常表示：the thing that / the that 所的东西/主语、宾语、表语、定语Pay attention to what the teacher said. Who kept the door

9、 open all night was unknown.whoever/whomever/ whichever/ whatever 无论谁/ 无论哪个(些)/无论什么主语、宾语、表语、定语Whoever breaks the law will be punished. You can take whichever book you like. 连接词词义在句中所作成分例句连接副词when/ where/ why/ how 原疑问副词的意义或“的时间(the time when)；的地点(the place where)；的原因(the reason why)”；的方式(the way that

10、)状语When he will go is unknown. I wonder why he tried to avoid me. This room is where I was born. This is how we work. 1what与that(1)【误】 All what he did was for you. 【正】 What he did was for you. 【正】 All that he did was for you. (2)【误】 I was thinking that I could do for you. 【正】 I was thinking what I c

11、ould do for you. 【解析】 what引导名词性从句，what相当于the thing that/ the that/ all that等，具体的意义要根据上下文确定。在名词性从句中，what既有意义，又在从句中作一定的成分，而that无意义，且在从句中不作成分。2who与 whoever【误】 Who is the first to come will get a gift. 【正】 Whoever is the first to come will get a gift. 【正】 Anyone who is the first to come will get a gift.

12、 【解析】 whoever引导名词性从句，意为“无论谁”，相当于anyone who；而who意为“谁”。3whether与if(1)【误】 They dont know if to go there. 【正】 They dont know whether to go there. (2)【误】 It depends on if we have enough time. 【正】 It depends on whether we have enough time. 【解析】 在以下情况只能用whether不能用if：作介词宾语时，连接词一般用whether。It all depends on w

13、hether they will come back. 后面直接跟or not 时，用whether。I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan. 主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，只能用whether。Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. The question is whether they have so much time. whether可与动词不定式连用，但if不能。I have not decided whether to go or

14、 not. whether可引导一个让步状语从句，表示“不管，无论”，而if不能。Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time. 4whoever 与whomever【误】 Please give the book to whomever needs it most. 【正】 Please give the book to whoever needs it most. 【解析】 此处，whoever在从句中作主语，因此不能用whomever。名词性从句引导词的选择要注意其意义及它在从句中所作的成分。5【误】 He will w

15、in the match is certain. 【正】 That he will win the match is certain. 【正】 It is certain that he will win the match. 【解析】 that位于句首引导主语从句时，不能省略。6【误】 What we bought was some bananas. 【正】 What we bought were some bananas. 【解析】 what 引导的从句作主语时，若表示复数概念，谓语动词则用复数。7名词性从句的语序【误】 So now you know what should you do

16、.【正】 So now you know what you should do.【解析】 名词性从句应用陈述语序。8 【误】 Theres a fact that English is being accepted as an important language. 【正】 Its a fact that English is being accepted as an important language. 【解析】 It is a fact that句型中，It为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句。it不能换成there。9【误】 He is late. Thats why he go

17、t up late this morning.【正】 He is late. Thats because he got up late this morning. 【解析】 Thats why的原因；Thats because 那是因为此处起床晚是迟到的原因，故用Thats because10【误】 Well discuss the problem that the sports meeting will be held in Beijing Stadium. 【正】 Well discuss the problem when/whether the sports meeting will b

18、e held in Beijing Stadium. 【解析】 如果用that引导同位语从句意义不完整，这时可根据情况选用whether, when等。12010全国卷 We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhere【解析】D where引导宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语。22009北京卷 At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _it got

19、any better.Awhen Bhow Cwhy Dif【解析】 D考查宾语从句的引导词的选择。句意为：最初他不喜欢这份新工作，但是他决定给自己几个月的时间来看一下这份工作是否会变得更好。所以用if引导宾语从句。32010全国卷 Have you finished the book?No. Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave. Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dwhere【解析】 D考查宾语从句连接词。答句句意为：我已经读到孩子们发现神秘洞穴的部分。where引导的从句充当up to的宾语，强调地点概念。420

20、10福建卷 We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhether【解析】 C考查引导词。句意为：我们应该尊重食物，考虑那些没有我们拥有的东西并很好地对待食物的人们。who引导的定语从句修饰the people，定语从句中又含有一个宾语从句，这个宾语从句中we have 缺少宾语，所以用what引导宾语从句。5_ the flight to New York will be delayed i

21、s _Im especially worried about. AIf; what BWhether; thatCWhen; that DWhether; what【解析】 D句意为：到纽约的航班是否会被耽搁是我特别担心的事情。放在句首的主语从句表“是否”要用whether引导，而不能用if，what引导表语从句。表示所担心的事情。选D。62010重庆卷 To improve the quality of our products，we asked for suggestions _ had used the products. Awhoever BwhoCwhichever Dwhich【解

22、析】 A考查宾语从句引导词。句意为：为了提高产品的质量，我们向任何使用过我们产品的人征求意见。这里可以表示“任何人”的只有whoever，引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语。正常语序应为asked whoever had used the products for suggestions。72010北京卷 _some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. AWhether BWhat CThat DHow【解析】 B本题考查主语从句的引导词。在主语从句_some people regard as a drawbac

23、k中，regard缺少宾语，选B。8. 2010北京卷 I want to be liked and loved for _I am inside.Awho Bwhere Cwhat Dhow【解析】 C本题考查名词性从句的引导词。for后跟宾语从句，从句中am后缺少表语，故用what，相当于一个名词加that。92010北京卷 Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel，David Copperfield，was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. Awhat Bt

24、hat Cwhy Dwhether【解析】 B本题考查表语从句的引导词。当the reason作主语，后面接表语从句时，习惯上用that来连接。10Mum is coming. What present_ for your birthday?Ayou expect she has gotByou expect has she gotCdo you expect she has gotDdo you expect has she got【解析】 C考查双重疑问句，疑问词do you think/believe/expect句子的其他成分(句子用陈述句语序)。11People believe th

25、at there is no doubt _a cure for H1N1 has been found. Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhether【解析】 B考查同位语从句。There is no doubt that为固定句型，that在从句中不充当成分。122010江苏卷 I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life.Awhere Bhow Cwhen Dwhat【解

26、析】 A本题考查名词性从句。where引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语。注意agree是不及物动词。13Father made a promise _I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary. Athat Bif Cwhether Dthat if【解析】 Dthat引导同位语从句。在同位语从句中又含有一个由if引导的条件状语从句。14_ children should learn from around us is a question of great importance. AWhere BWhom CWhen D

27、How【解析】 B考查对句式和引导词的判断能力。分析句子结构可排除A、C、D，也可根据句意“孩子们该向谁学习”得知答案。15Alice looks blue today. Yes, I asked her, but she wouldnt say _ troubled her. Awhy was it that Bthat was why Cit was what Dwhat it was that【解析】 D考查宾语从句的语序和强调句型。句意为：“爱丽丝今天显得沮丧。”“是的，我问她为何，她没说究竟是什么让她伤心。”162010浙江卷 How about camping this weeke

28、nd，just for a change?OK，_you want. Awhichever BhoweverCwhatever Dwhoever【解析】 C句意：“这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？”“好啊，按你的意思吧！”答语中谓语动词want缺少宾语，排除B、D项；whichever需要在语境中给出具体范围，所以排除A项。whatever等于anything that。172010陕西卷 It never occurred to me _you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dif

29、【解析】 C本题考查名词性从句中的主语从句。It 为形式主语，真正的主语从句中不缺任何成分，根据句子意思，只需要用that 连接。182010四川卷 How much one enjoys himself traveling depends largely on _ he goes with，whether his friends or relatives. Awhat Bwho Chow Dwhy【解析】 B考查连词词义辨析。宾语从句中with缺少宾语，whether his friends or relatives暗示缺少的是指人的宾语。19You know, Im poor in Chi

30、nese; you are not good at English, and Thats _ we should help each other. Awhen Bwhere Chow Dthat【解析】 B考查名词性从句。where引导的从句作表语，where意为“的地方”。20The free tickets will go to _ comes first to the concert. Awhoever BwhomeverCwhichever Dno matter who【解析】 A本题考查名词性从句。题干句子空白处用whoever连接宾语从句同时在宾语从句中作主语，指人。句意为：免费票

31、将送给第一个来听音乐会的听众，不管他是谁。注意no matter who只能引导状语从句，不能连接名词性从句。1(2011陕西西安分科质检)After working on the maths problem for hours，he found_he thought was the key to it.Awhat BthatCwhere Dwhich解析：what引导的名词性从句作found的宾语从句的主语，而且what在宾语从句中作主语。he thought 为插入语。答案：A2(2011济南第二次统考)The hospital nearby has just got a，_youd ca

32、ll it，er.a scanner.Athat BwhichCwhat Dhow解析：考查名词性从句。该句比较口语化。句意是“附近的医院刚搞来一个你们叫它什么对，扫描器”。答案：C3(2011潍坊质量监测)Sometimes advertisements makepossible for companies to sell the customers _money can not buy.A/；that Bit；whatCthat；which Dit；whose解析：句意为：有时广告让公司把用钱买不到的东西卖给顾客变得可能。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语。what 引导的是宾语从句，

33、并在宾语从句中作宾语。答案：B4(2011四川绵阳模拟)Most of_we call geniuses (天才) are successful only because they have made extraordinary efforts.Awhom BwhoCwhich Dwhat解析：分析句子成分可知of后的宾语从句中，动词call后面缺少英语补足语，故用what引导。答案：D5(2011宁夏银川调研)She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do_it takes to save her life.Awhichever Bhow

34、everCwhatever Dwhoever解析：句意为：她对我们弥足珍贵。我们已经准备好尽一切努力挽救她的生命。这里的whatever 既作take的宾语，也引导do后的宾语从句。答案：C6(2010西城5月)Why are you staring at me?You look stupid！The way you wear is_annoys me most.Awhich BwhereChow Dwhat解析：考查名词性从句的引导词。所选关系代词引导一个表语从句，并在从句中作主语，所以要用what。答案：D7(2011湖北武汉联考)Faced with trouble or difficu

35、lty，a person takes _help that is available.Awhatever BwheneverCwherever Dhowever解析：句意为：面对困难或挫折，一个人会接受任何可能得到的帮助。whatever 在此修饰help，意为“无论什么”，而其他三个选项，不作形容词，不能修饰名词，故排除。答案：A8(2011浙江温州联考)The fact has worried many scientists_the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.Awhat BwhichCthat Dthough解析：句意为：近年地球越来越暖的事实让许多科学家担心。从句“the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years”不缺少成分，因此选C项。that引导的从句作fact的同位语。答案：C9(2011日照市调研考试)Do you know her?No.Her name rings a bell but I cant remember_I read it before.Awhere BwhatCthat Dif解析：考