高中伴随状语解析

1、伴随状语 2016.6.25伴随状语定义1. 伴随就是陪衬，可有可无，若去掉后，也是完整的句子。2. 状语可修饰动词（初中）；状语也可修饰句子（高中）3. 伴随状语还可表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步和方式一、分词1. 现在分词Chatting with Tom, I had a lot of fun in the pub.（原因）Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.（原因）He lay on the grass, looking into the sky.（伴随）Walking along the street, I ra

2、n across my old friend.（时间）现在分词做状语：1) 现在分词与句子主语之间构成_关系2) 现在分词可在句子中充当时间、原因、条件、伴随等状语3) 现在分词做状语，可在前面加上when, if , unless, although等连词，使句义更明确。Question1 ：句子的主语？谓语？伴随状语？从句中的现在分词与本句主语的关系？ 表时间：Walking down the street, I ran to Sue. Climbing to the top the mountain, we saw a magnificent view. 特别强调同时发生，可用上when

3、/while： While( when) flying over the English Channel, the pilot saw the Atlantic Ocean. 表原因，可放句首或句末： Being sick, I stayed at home. Living in the country, we had few social engagements.表让步： Although knowing all this, they still made me pay for the damage.表结果： It rained heavily, causing severe floodin

4、g in that country. The child fell, striking his head against the door.表方式： He stood, leaning against the wall.（伴随）Question2 ：以上都是同时发生或时间相隔很短发生的动作，那么如何表示相隔时间较长的前后两种动作呢?用现在分词的完成时态表示时间前后或因果关系，某种动作发生在真正的谓语动作之前。 Having noted down our names and address, the policeman dismissed us. 以上doing与having done 皆属于现

5、在分词伴随状语的主动语态，是因为主句的主语也是伴随状语的主语.Question3 ：那如果主语与动词间的被动关系呢?2. 过去分词找出下列句子的主语：1）Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.2）Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).3）Though defeated, he didnt lose heart.(让步)某些过去分词作状语表状态，常见的有:lost 迷路，丢失lost in deep thought陷入深思absorbed in 专心于dressed

6、 in 穿着tired of 厌倦于worried about 担心based on基于/建立在的基础上Summary3:过去分词作状语,有时可以在其前边加上when, while, if, unless, although, once等连词，以起到强调的作用，使句意更加明确。(When) Asked what had happened, he kept silent.(If) Given more time, we would be able to do it better.(Although) Left alone at home, the little boy didnt feel af

7、raid at all.二、with 结构 with作伴随状语，或说明造成某一局面的原因。至于是用现在分词，还是过去分词得看与主句主语的关系是被动或主动。with time passing by随着时间的流逝 He sat on the chair with his eyes closed.他坐在椅子上,眼睛闭着.with 的复合结构可以分以下几种:1. with + 名词 + 形容词副词：表处于一种状态. He often sleeps with windows open.他经常开着窗户睡觉.There is a temple with no table in. 2. with +名词 +

8、介词短语. The teacher came into the classroom with a book under his arm. 3. with + 名词 + 现在分词.这种结构表动作的主动和正在进行. The old woman left her house with water running. 4. with + 名词 + 过去分词,这种结构表被动和已完成. The thief was taken to the police station with his hands tied to his back. 5. with + 名词 + 不定式,这种结构表动作的将来式. The m

9、anager has been busy these days with a lot of work to do .三、独立主格结构的讲析1. 概念：有时一个名词/代词 + 一个其他结构，在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句或并列句，人们通常称这种结构为独立主格或独立结构。 2. 独立主格的结构 1）名词代词 + doing River rising, they had to left for safety. 2）名词代词 + to do Much work to do, they had to work for extra hours. 3）名词代词 + doneAll the work don

10、e, they went for lunch. 4）名词代词+ adj.adv.He entered the room, his nose red with cold. He was lying in bed, light on. 5）名词代词+ 介宾短语He walked in, cane in hand. 在这种结构中，名词代词在逻辑上是后一部分的主语，这种结构在句子中只能作状语。注：有时可以在独立主格前面加上介词with，构成with +复合宾语结构。 如：With the problem settled, the computer restarted. You should not s

11、peak to others with your mouth full of food. He left the bathroom, with the water running. 四、形容词短语做伴随状语： 形容词短语做伴随状语时，通常表状态。例如： 1Full of apologies，the manager approached us 经理向我们走来， 嘴里不停地说着抱歉的话。2He was too excited，unable to say a word 他太激动了，一句话也 说不出来。 3He stared at the footprint，full of fear他盯着脚印，满心恐

12、惧。 单个形容词做伴随状语也表示状态，不表动作。例如： 1He sat there，silent他一声不响地坐在那儿。 2Breathless，she rushed in through the back door 穿过后门，他气喘吁吁地冲了进来。 3He went to bed，cold and hungry他又冷又饿地上床睡觉了。 4. Confident of the victory, the players are fighting hard. 运动员们对比赛夺胜满怀信心，奋力拼搏。Question4:什么时候可以省略?怎么省略?在含有状语从句的复合句中，若从句的主句是it或与主句的主

13、语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。 伴随状语出现的条件由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态， 或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。 伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。 伴随状语可以有以下几种表示方法： 一、使用分词形式 The dog entered the room, following his master(这条狗跟着主人进了屋)。 The master entered the room, followed by his dog(主人进了屋，后面跟着 他的狗)。 二、用 with 复合结构

14、 The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red(小女孩 们在玩雪，手都冻红了)。 The workers went out of work, talking and laughing all the way(工人们下 班了，一路有说有笑)。 三、用独立主格结构 Last year I came here by climbing over the wall, sword in hand. The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying h

15、im every day(这小孩每天去上学，那条小狗陪伴着他)。 伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动 作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。 例如： He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里读报。 All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。 伴随状语的判断The dog entered the room, following his master.一般在分词短语 （现在分词表主动 过去表被动）前有逗号的是伴随状语。 伴随状语的特点是： 它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生 或存在的 1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。 现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主 动与被动关系的区别。 2）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之