2022年山东省烟台市高二上学期期末考试英语试题

答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页山东省烟台市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题一、阅读理解Inwhathasbecomeanannualtradition,the

staff

of

National

Public

Radiobringyouamightyyear-endguideofBooksWeLove.Hereareahandfulofthemostinterestingpicks.Wehopeyouenjoytheselectionsandtaketimetolookthroughforawhile!CryinginHMartbyMichelleZaunerMichelleZaunerlaysoutthecomplexityandtheongoingsorrowoflosingaparentinher20s,justasherownlifeisabouttostart.ZaunerwritesabouthowsheturnedtoKoreanfoodtoprocesshersadnesswhenhermother,heronlytietoKoreanculture,diedofcancer.Thebookreflectsonhowcookingandeatingthefoodthathermomoncepreparedgivesherawaytoconnecttoheridentity.FatChance,CharlieVegabyCrystalMaldonadoCrystalMaldonadocreatesamuch-neededbelievablecharacterwithteenageandadultreaders.CharlieVegaisfatandwearsglasses,withadiet-pushingmotherandabeautiful,athleticbestfriend.WhenherclassmateBrianpursuesaromanticrelationship,Charlieisbotheredwithselfdoubt.Thebook,whichtellsawell-observedstoryoffatteenagelife,isdevelopedbyinternal(内在的)andexternal(外在的)conflicts.TheMostFunThing:Dispatches(快讯)fromaSkateboardLifebyKyleBeachyTheyear2021wastheyearofskateboarding,whichhasbeentransformedintoanOlympicsport.Andmanyhavepickedupskateboardsforthefirsttime,soTheMostFunThingcouldn’thavecomeatabettertime.KyleBeachy,alongtimeskaterandwritingprofessor,isdevotedtoexploringthemeaningofskateboardingbasedonrelatedessaysofadecade.TheSecretHistoryofHomeEconomicsbyDanielleDreilingerIt’sgenerallythoughtthathomeeconomicsisjustaclasstakenatschool,whichisappropriatelynamedMrsHousekeeper.Butinreadingthisbook,youcandiscoverthatintheearly20thcentury,thefieldprovidedjobsforwomeninscience,companiesandgovernments.DanielleDreilingeralsomakesthecasethatcookingandmanagingabudgetareinvaluablelessonsforallchildrenandshouldstillbeschoolcourses.1．WhatisCharlieVegalike?A．Romantic. B．Unconfident. C．Smart. D．Dishonest.2．Whoisasportslover?A．MichelleZauner. B．CrystalMaldonado. C．KyleBeachy. D．DanielleDreilinger.3．WhatdoCryinginHMartandTheSecretHistoryofHomeEconomicshaveincommon?A．Theybothinvolvethetopicofcookery.B．Theybothmentionthebondwithparents.C．Theybothstatehowtosurviveeconomichardship.D．Theybothstressthenecessityofensuringwomen’srights.ApsychologistatStanfordoncedidanexperiment.Heassignedpreschoolchildrento

threegroups.Thefirstgroupwatchedadults

playrudely

withaninflatableclown(充气小丑)calledBobo;anotherwatchedadultsplayquietlywithadifferenttoywhileignoringBobo;andthethirdhadnoexposuretotheseadultrolemodels.Next,eachofthechildrenwasleftalonewithBobo.Theresultsofthestudywerestriking.OnlythechildreninthefirstgrouplaterkickedBobo,hititwithastick,andsatonitjustastheywatchedtheadultsdo.Theabovestudyindicateskidsmayfollowsuitiftheyseewhatothersdo.That’swhyrolemodelsmatter.Whenkidsareexposedtorolemodelstheycanrelateto,ithelpsthemsetambitiousgoals.Don’tassumekidsknowtheycanbeanythingtheywantwhentheygrowup.Takemyselfforexample.“Angela,doyouthinktheUSwillelectafemalepresidentinyourlifetime?”Yearsago,thiswasthelastquestionofthelastinterviewforascholarshipIdidn’twin.WithouthesitationIshookmyheadsaying“no”.Astheinterviewended,IsensedI’dgivenananswerthecommitteefounddisappointing.“Ofcoursetherewillbeafemalepresident,”theywantedmetosaywithaconfidentsmile.“AndIhopeIhaveyourvote.”Likemostchildren,myfirstrolemodelswereinmyfamily.MydadhadaPhDinchemistry.Myunclesandcountlesscousinsweremostlydoctorsorscientists.So,ifyou’daskedmein,say,thirdgrade,“Angela,couldyoubecomeacollegeprofessorsomedayifyoutried?”WithoutabitofevidencethatI’dbeanygoodatsucha

career,I’dhavenoddedmyhead.Soit’squitenecessarythatweshouldgooutofourwaytoexposekidstorolemodels,whetherit’sanOlympicathleteoraCEO.Nowthatwehaveourfirstfemalevice-president,canthefirstfemalepresidentbefarbehind?4．WhydidthechildreninthefirstgrouptreatedBoborudely?A．Theyregardeditasameretoy.B．TheymeanttomakefunofBobo.C．Theywereraisedtobehavebadly.D．Theyweresetanegativeexample.5．WhatdidthecommitteeexpectAngelatodowiththelastquestion?A．Toraiseherdoubt.B．Torespondpositively.C．Tointerpretitsmeaning.D．Tochangeherreplyquickly.6．Howdidthird-gradeAngelafeelaboutthechanceofbeingaprofessor?A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful. C．Curious. D．Hesitant.7．Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．MyRoleModelsB．AimHighandActEarlyC．HowtoBecomeAmericanPresidentD．RoleModelsHelpShapeKids’FutureKenyahasbeenatthe

forefront

oftheglobalwaronplasticsince2017,whenofficials

outlawed

plasticbags.In2020,thegovernmentraisedthe

demand

witha

ban

on

single-useplastics.Unfortunately,tonsofindustrialandconsumer

plastic

wastecontinuetogetpouredinto

landfills

daily.However,if29-year-oldNzambiMateehasherway,the

unsightly

plasticgarbagemountainwillsoonbe

transformed

intocolorfulbricks.The

materialsengineer’s

searchforaneffective

solutionto

controllingplasticpollutionbeganin2017,whenshesetupasmalllabinherbackyard.Ittookherninemonthstoproducethefirstbrickandevenlongertoconvinceapartnertohelpbuildthemachinerytomakethem.Shesays,“Iwantedtousemyeducationinappliedphysicsandmaterialsengineeringtodosomethingaboutplasticwastepollution.ButIwasveryclearthesolutionhadtobepractical,

sustainableandaffordable.Thebestwaytodothiswasbychannelingthewasteintotheconstructionspaceandfindingthemostefficientandaffordablematerialtobuildhomes.”Hercompany,GjengeMakers,nowhires112peopleandproducesover1,500bricksaday,whicharemadeusingamixofplasticproductsthatcan’tbereprocessedorrecycled.Thecollectedplasticisobtaineddirectlyfromfactoriesorpickedbyhiredlocalsfromlandfillsandmixedwithsand,heatedatveryhightemperatures,and

compressed(压缩)intobricksthat

vary

incolorandthickness.Theresultingproductisstronger,lighter,andabout30percentcheaperthantraditionalconcrete(混凝土)bricks.Mostimportantly,ithelpsrepurposethelowestqualityofplastic.Matee,recognizedasoneoftheYoungChampionsoftheEarth2020—theUnitedNations’highest

environmental

honor—isfarfromdone.Herdreamistoreducerubbishbyincreasingproductionandexpandingherofferings.Shesays,“Themorewerecycleplastic,themoreweproduce

affordable

housing…themorewecreatemoreemploymentfortheyouth.”8．WhichwordbestdescribesKenyangovernment’smeasuresagainstplastic?A．Temporary. B．Effective. C．Fruitless. D．Unreliable.9．WhichofthefollowingdoweknowaboutMatee?A．Sheturnsknowledgeintoactualproducts.B．Hercompany’sfundedbythegovernment.C．Sheproducesbrick-makingmachineryherself.D．Herbricksaremadefromrecyclableplasticwaste.10．What’sthegreateststrengthofMatee’sresultingproduct?A．Itslowcost. B．Itswiderangeofuses.C．Itseconomicbenefit. D．Itsenvironmentalvalue.11．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．Matee’sachievement.B．Matee’sgreaterambition.C．MultiplechallengesMateefaces.D．Innovativesolutionstoplasticwaste.Migratory(迁移的)birdsarespeciallyadaptedtofindtheirwayoverextremedistances.Now,thenewresearchofKasparDelheyandotherresearchershasdiscoveredanunexpectedwaythatmigratorybirdskeeptheircoolduringsuchbackbreakingjourneys:lighter-coloredfeathers(羽毛).“Wefoundacrossnearlyallspeciesofbirds,migratoryspeciestendtobelightercoloredthannon-migratoryspecies,”saidDelhey.“Wethinkthatlighterfeathercolorationisselectedinmigratoryspeciesbecauseitreducestheriskofoverheatingwhenexposedtosunshine.Lightersurfacesabsorblessheatthandarkerones,asanybodywearingdarkclothesonasunnydaycandemonstrate!Thiswouldbeparticularlyimportantforlong-distancemigrantsthatundertakeextensiveflightsduringwhichtheycannotstoptorestintheshade.”Delheyandhiscoworkershadbeenstudyingtheeffectsofclimateonbirdcoloration.Theirearlierstudiesshowedthat,ingeneral,lightercoloredbirdsarefoundwheretemperaturesarehighandthereislittleshade.That’sinpartbecausethebirds’lighterfeathershelptokeepthemcoolerinthehotsun.Thentheresearcherscameacrossstudiesbyothersshowingthatsomebirdsflyhigherduringthedaycomparedtoatnight.“Becauseflyinghigherislikelycostly,thesechangesrequireanexplanation,”Delheysays.“Onepossibilitywasthatflyinghigher,whereitiscolder,wouldoffsettheheatabsorbedbythefeatherswhenthesunwasshining.”Ifso,theyrealized,anotherwaytoreducetheriskofoverheatingwouldbetoabsorblesssolarradiationinthefirstplace.Itraisedaquestion:havemigratoryspeciesevolved(进化)lighterfeathers?Tofindout,theydidmuchresearch.Theirfindingsshowbirdspeciesgetincreasinglylighterastheymigratemore.So,residentbirdstendtobedarkerthanshort-distancemigrants.Short-distancemigrantsaredarkerthanbirdspeciesthattravelfarther.Delheysaidtheeffectsuiteddifferenttypesofbirds.Thesameheldtrueinwaterbirdsandground-livingbirds,too.Thefindingsareanotherreminderoftheimportantroleoftemperatureandclimatefactorsmorebroadlyintheevolutionofshapingthecolorationofanimals.Theyalsohelpbetterunderstandtheimpactsofglobalwarmingandunderlyingadaptiveevolutionaryresponses.12．Whyis“darkclothes”mentionedinparagraph2?A．Topresentafact. B．Toanalyzeareason.C．Toclarifyapoint. D．Tomakeacomparison.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offset”meaninparagraph4?A．Cancelout. B．Addto. C．Giveriseto. D．Takeadvantageof.14．WhatdoesDelhey’snewresearchfocuson?A．Thehabitatsofmigratorybirds.B．Thecategoriesofmigratorybirds.C．Aflyingpatternofmigratorybirds.D．Aphysicalcharacteristicofmigratorybirds.15．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Entertainment. B．Science. C．Travel. D．Education.二、七选五Forsomepeople,wakingupearlyjustfeelsnatural.Butifyou’renotnaturallyamorningperson,howmuchroomdoyouhavetochangeyourwake-upschedule?____16____Butafewhabitscanhelpmakewakingupearlierlessofachallenge.Useexternalfactorstoupgradeyourbodyclock.LightSunlightcanadjustyourinternalclockbyholdingbackasleep-relatedhormone(激素)thatiscalledmelatonin.Whenyou’reexposedtobrightsunlight,theproductionofmelatoninshutsoff.____17____Sothemosteffectivewaytogetyourbodyfeelingrefreshedandawakeistoexposeyourselftolightthemomentyouopenyoureyesinthemorning.Rewardyourselfandtakeitslow____18____Maybethat’samindfulnessexercisetoremindyourselfofwhoorwhatyou’rewakingupearlyfor.Somethingassimpleaspromisingyourselfastrawberrycakeassoonasyougetoutofbedcandothetrick.Anotherimportantthingthatyoumustkeepinmindisthatyoushouldthinkaboutwakingupearlylikeaskillyou’repracticinganddoitgradually.Youcanstartbywakinguponlyafewminutesearlierthanyouneedtoandthenmoreminutesearlierdaybyday.____19____BepatientRemembernottopushyourselftoohard.Youneedtohavepatiencewithyourself.____20____Somemorningsmightbehardforyouinthebeginning,butifyou’rekeepingyourhabitsincheckmostofthetime,you’llendupasamorningperson.A．You’llgetthehangofitsoonenough.B．Trainingtowakeupearlyisaprocess.C．Whenyougetupcanmakeadifference.D．Itsortoftellsthebodyit’stimetowakeup.E．Whyshouldyouencourageyourselftoriseearly?F．Createamotivatortogetoutofbedinthemorning.G．Basically,yourbiologicalclockisbakedintowhoyouare.三、完形填空MytwinsisterandIstudiedinthesameschoolfortenyears.Thefirstdayweenteredthecampus,wewere____21____byitsbeautyandbright-coloredstonesculpturesoffairies(精灵)that____22____there.Aswegotolder,Idiscoveredtheschoolwasn’talwayswherebeautywasaneveryday____23____.Theweather-beatenstonestatuesbadlyneeded____24____.However,thereweren’tenoughstafftogeteverythingdone.Idecidedtodosomethingtogivethecampusanew____25____.Mysisterhadasimilarideaandwecameupwithaplantosecretly____26____theschool.Havingcarefullyworkedoutaproject,wegot____27____fromtheadministration(管理层)todoit.Wefirstpaintedthestonesculptures,refreshingthefewremainingfairies.Tobring____28____andmagictothecampus,wepaintedonthedoorsoftheboy’sandthegirl’sbathroomsthesunandmoonrepresentation____29____designedbymysister.Thetreebytheschoolgatewasdeadanditsbarebrancheswere____30____,leavingonlythetrunk.Theyoungschoolmateswere____31____bythelossofthistreeandthetrunkleftwasasad____32____tothemoftheonce-livingtree.____33____transformingthistrunkintoafairyhouseforvisitingfairiestostopbyandhavealittlesnack,Iputlittle____34____inthehousesothatthechildrencouldlookintothelittlefairykitchenwhilewalkingby.Whilecuttingandshapingthetrunktookmanyhours,itwaswellworthitforwe____35____awoundinournaturalenvironment.Everythingdone,wesmiledheartilylookingaroundthefantastic“new”school.21．A．educated B．struck C．relaxed D．disturbed22．A．settled B．visited C．worked D．chatted23．A．routine B．habit C．expectation D．purpose24．A．removing B．replacing C．wrapping D．painting25．A．chance B．look C．background D．culture26．A．explore B．publicize C．beautify D．protect27．A．permission B．reward C．promise D．concern28．A．security B．honesty C．politeness D．imagination29．A．proudly B．bravely C．artfully D．anxiously30．A．turnedin B．cutoff C．pickedout D．givenup31．A．astonished B．disappointed C．annoyed D．upset32．A．flag B．reminder C．tool D．start33．A．Insteadof B．Inhopeof C．Inadditionto D．Inspiteof34．A．windows B．bells C．handles D．curtains35．A．recorded B．hid C．cured D．spotted四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Shanghaihas____36____populationof5.8millionresidentsaged60andabove,accountingfor23percentofthetotalpopulation.Howtoimprovetheirqualityoflife,especiallythoseseniorcitizenswiththeproblemofdysmnesia(记忆障碍),isagreatchallengeforthelocalgovernment.Happily,theMemoryCaféinPudong____37____(find)itswaybynowtohelptheseniorresidentsinlocalcommunitiesbyorganizinginteractiveactivitiestofightdysmnesia____38____(proper).Thecafé,launchedlastNovember,nowhas18regularseniorvolunteers____39____rangebetween70and82yearsofage.Volunteersinthecaféaretrainedtobereceptionists,cashiersorbaristas(调酒师).Everyweektheycometothecoffeeshopat____40____(fix)schedulefortraining.TheMemoryCaféisreportedlyChina’sfirstofitskind____41____(target)elderlypeoplewithcognitive(认知)disabilities.“Beforejoiningthecafévolunteerprogram,whatIdidmosteverydaywaswatchTV.I____42____(feel)lonelyandafraidwhenrealizingIcouldn’trememberthingswell,”73-year-oldPengMingxiangsaid.“Inthecafé,therearemanypeoplemyage,____43____whomImakefriendsandsharetheexperienceofgettingolder.Iambecomingbraverandmoreoptimistic.WhenIservecustomers,eventhoughIamsloworevenservethewrongcoffee,youngpeopleare____44____(understand),whichmakesmefeelgoodandrespected,”Pengadded.Manycustomershavea_____45_____(prefer)forsuchacharitableshopastheMemoryCafé,whichpioneersanti-dysmnesiaeffortsforseniorsandwinspublicsupport.五、开放性作文46．假定你要参加班级英语演讲比赛，演讲的题目是“TimeLostCanNotBeRecalled”。请你写一篇英文演讲稿，内容包括：1.你对题目的理解；2.以一个事例说明；3.总结发言。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。TimeLostCanNotBeRecalled________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________六、读后续写47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Asayoungboy,Iwasalwaysatroublemakeranduptonogood.Ilikedplayingtricksandenjoyedtreatinganimalsinanunfriendlyway,likerunningaftercatscrazily,makingthemscaredatthesightofme.Besides,Ioftenusedahandmadecatapult(弹弓)toshootatbirdsonthetrees.Allthisdidaffordmeindescribablepleasurebutalsogotmeunkindstaresandblamesfrompeoplearound.MyparentsdisapprovedofmybehaviorandwereconstantlycriticizingmeforthetricksIplayed.Iwasevengivenagoodbeatingfrommyfatherfromtimetotime.Nevertheless,Iignoredtheirwarningsanddidnotcorrectmywaysuntilanincidentoccurred.OnesummernoonwhenIwaseight,Iwasaloneathomeandjustfinishedlunch.Feelingveryhotandbored,Idecidedtohangaroundtheneighborhood,holdingmytrustycatapult.Soon,IcametoMrSmith’shouse.Hispetdog,bigandstrong,wastiedtoapostoutsidehishouse,lyingintheshadelazily.Lookingaround,Ifoundthatnoonewasinsight.Idecidedtomakegooduseofmycatapulttoplaytricksonthemassivedog.Pickingupafewsmallstonesfromtheground,Iaimedatthedogandfiredthemonebyone.Severalstoneshitthepoordoganditbegantobark(吠)loudlyinpainandjumpupanddown.ButIfeltsofunthatIdidn’tstopdoingso.Eventually,thedog’sangerwasfueledanditbarkedwildlyatmewhilestrugglingtobreakawayfromtherope.Notrealizinganythingwrongwithmycrazybehavior,Iwasjustlaughinghappily.Suddenly,theropethattiedthedogloosenedandthebigdoggotfreefromitsbonds.Innotime,withafewpowerfulstepsthedogwasonme.Itssharpteethsankintomyleg.Iscreamedwithpainandfrightandfelltotheground,shoutingoutforhelp.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Luckily,mymiserableshoutscaughtMrSmith’sattention.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________HiswordsleftmeashamedandIdecidedtomakeachange.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：1．B2．C3．A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几本由NationalPublicRadio推荐的年度好书。【详解】1.推理判断题。根据第三段“WhenherclassmateBrianpursuesaromanticrelationship,Charlieisbotheredwithselfdoubt.”（当她的同学布莱恩开始谈恋爱时，查理被自我怀疑所困扰）推知，Charlie有些不太自信。故选B项。2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“KyleBeachy,alongtimeskaterandwritingprofessor,isdevotedtoexploringthemeaningofskateboardingbasedonrelatedessaysofadecade.”（凯尔·比奇(KyleBeachy)是一名资深的滑板运动员和写作教授，他根据过去十年的相关文章，致力于探索滑板的意义）可知，KyleBeachy是一位运动爱好者。故选C项。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thebookreflectsonhowcookingandeatingthefoodthathermomoncepreparedgivesherawaytoconnecttoheridentity.”（这本书反映了烹饪和食用她母亲曾经准备的食物是如何让她与自己的身份联系起来的）以及第五段“DanielleDreilingeralsomakesthecasethatcookingandmanagingabudgetareinvaluablelessonsforallchildrenandshouldstillbeschoolcourses.”（丹妮尔·德莱林格(DanielleDreilinger)还提出，烹饪和管理预算对所有孩子来说都是宝贵的课程，应该仍然是学校的课程）可知，CryinginHMart和TheSecretHistoryofHomeEconomics这两本书都涉及了烹饪的内容。故选A项。4．D5．B6．A7．D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了研究人员通过实验表明了对孩子而言，榜样的力量和重要性。4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Thefirstgroupwatchedadultsplayrudelywithaninflatableclown(充气小丑)calledBobo”（第一组观看成年人粗鲁地与一个叫波波的充气小丑玩耍），第二段“OnlythechildreninthefirstgrouplaterkickedBobo,hititwithastick,andsatonitjustastheywatchedtheadultsdo.”（后来，只有第一组的孩子踢波波，用棍子打它，然后坐在上面，就像他们看着成年人那样。）和第三段“Theabovestudyindicateskidsmayfollowsuitiftheyseewhatothersdo.That’swhyrolemodelsmatter.Whenkidsareexposedtorolemodelstheycanrelateto,ithelpsthemsetambitiousgoals.”（上面的研究表明，如果孩子们看到别人的做法，他们也会效仿。这就是为什么榜样很重要。当孩子们接触到他们可以联系的榜样时，这有助于他们设定雄心勃勃的目标。）可知，第一组的孩子粗鲁对待Bobo是因为他们被树立了一个反面的榜样。故选D项。5．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“WithouthesitationIshookmyheadsaying“no”.Astheinterviewended,IsensedI’dgivenananswerthecommitteefounddisappointing.”（我毫不犹豫地摇摇头说“不”。面试结束时，我感觉我给出的答案让委员会失望。）可知，委员会期望Angela积极地回答这个问题。故选B项。6．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“So,ifyou’daskedmein,say,thirdgrade,“Angela,couldyoubecomeacollegeprofessorsomedayifyoutried?”WithoutabitofevidencethatI’dbeanygoodatsuchacareer,I’dhavenoddedmyhead.”（所以，如果你在我三年级的时候问我，“安吉拉，如果你努力的话，你将来能成为一名大学教授吗?”如果没有一点证据表明我能胜任这样的工作，我也会点头的。）可知，三年级的Angela认为自己很有希望成为一位教授。故选A项。7．主旨大意题。本篇文章通过一个实验，说明榜样的力量；以及通过文章最后一段“Soit’squitenecessarythatweshouldgooutofourwaytoexposekidstorolemodels,whetherit’sanOlympicathleteoraCEO.”（因此，我们有必要让孩子们接触到榜样，无论是奥运会运动员还是首席执行官。）可知，本篇文章主要讲榜样能够帮助塑造孩子的未来。故选D项。8．C9．A10．D11．B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了材料工程师NzambiMatee创造性地将难以回收处理的塑料垃圾转化成建筑用砖的一些情况。8．细节理解题。根据第一段“In2020,thegovernmentraisedthedemandwithabanonsingle-useplastics.Unfortunately,tonsofindustrialandconsumerplasticwastecontinuetogetpouredintolandfillsdaily.”（2020年，政府通过禁止使用一次性塑料提高了需求。不幸的是，每天仍有大量的工业和消费塑料垃圾被倒入垃圾填埋场。）可知，肯尼亚政府应对塑料垃圾的方法是无效的，没有什么成果。故选C项。9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thematerialsengineer’ssearchforaneffectivesolutiontocontrollingplasticpollutionbeganin2017,whenshesetupasmalllabinherbackyard.Ittookherninemonthstoproducethefirstbrickandevenlongertoconvinceapartnertohelpbuildthemachinerytomakethem.”（这位材料工程师从2017年开始寻找控制塑料污染的有效解决方案，当时她在自家后院建立了一个小实验室。她花了9个月的时间来生产第一块砖，甚至更长的时间来说服一个合作伙伴帮助建造机器来制造它们。）可知，Matee把所学知识应该到实际活动中，将塑料垃圾转化成建筑用砖。故选A项。10．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Theresultingproductisstronger,lighter,andabout30percentcheaperthantraditionalconcrete(混凝土)bricks.Mostimportantly,ithelpsrepurposethelowestqualityofplastic.”（由此产生的产品更强、更轻,大约比传统混凝土砖便宜30%。最重要的是，它有助于重新利用最低质量的塑料。）可知，Matee研制的砖非常环保。故选D项。11．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Herdreamistoreducerubbishbyincreasingproductionandexpandingherofferings.”（她的梦想是通过增加生产和扩大她的产品来减少垃圾。）可知，本段在讲述Matee的更大的目标。故选B项。12．C13．A14．D15．B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍一项研究表明，迁徙鸟类通过浅色的羽毛来保持长途迁徙过程中较低的体温，这说明温度和气候因素在动物颜色形成的进化过程中发挥着重要作用。12．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Lightersurfacesabsorblessheatthandarkerones,asanybodywearingdarkclothesonasunnydaycandemonstrate!(我们认为，迁徙物种选择浅色羽毛是因为它可以减少暴露在阳光下过热的风险。浅色的表面比深色的表面吸收的热量少，任何一个在阳光明媚的日子里穿深色衣服的人都可以证明这一点)”可推知，文章提到深色衣服的目的是为进一步阐明浅色的表面比深色的表面吸收的热量少这个道理。故选C项。13．词句猜测题。根据“Onepossibilitywasthatflyinghigher,whereitiscolder,wouldoffsettheheatabsorbedbythefeatherswhenthesunwasshining.(一种可能是飞得更高，那里更冷，可以offset阳光下羽毛吸收的热量)”中“whereitiscolder”和“theheat”可推知，飞得更高的目的是为了抵消热量，所以划线词与cancelout“取消；抵消”同义。故选A项。14．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Itraisedaquestion:havemigratoryspeciesevolved(进化)lighterfeathers?(这就提出了一个问题：迁徙物种是否进化出了更轻的羽毛)”和第六段中“Tofindout,theydidmuchresearch.Theirfindingsshowbirdspeciesgetincreasinglylighterastheymigratemore.(为了找到答案，他们做了很多研究。他们的发现表明，随着迁徙的增多，鸟类的体型也会越来越轻)”可推知，Delhey的新研究重点关注的是迁徙物种，即候鸟，的身体特征。故选D项。15．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍一项研究表明，迁徙鸟类通过浅色的羽毛来保持长途迁徙过程中较低的体温，这说明温度和气候因素在动物颜色形成的进化过程中发挥着重要作用，由此推知，这篇文章可能出现在报纸的科学专栏。故选B项。16．G17．D18．F19．A20．B【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要讲读者介绍几条如何养成早起的习惯的建议。16．根据上文“Forsomepeople,wakingupearlyjustfeelsnatural.Butifyou’renotnaturallyamorningperson,howmuchroomdoyouhavetochangeyourwake-upschedule?”（对一些人来说，早起是很自然的。但是如果你不是一个天生的早起的人，你需要多大的空间来改变你的起床时间表呢?）根据下文“Butafewhabitscanhelpmakewakingupearlierlessofachallenge.”（但是一些习惯就可以帮助你早点起床不那么费力。）可知，选项承接上文说明导致上文状况的原因。G选项“从根本上来说，你的生物钟决定了你是谁。”符合语境，承上启下。故选G。17．根据上文“Sunlightcanadjustyourinternalclockbyholdingbackasleep-relatedhormone(激素)thatiscalledmelatonin.Whenyou’reexposedtobrightsunlight,theproductionofmelatoninshutsoff”（阳光可以通过抑制一种叫做褪黑激素的与睡眠有关的激素来调整你的生物钟。当你暴露在明亮的太阳光下的时候，激素就不再分泌。）可知，选项承接上文说明激素不分泌意味着什么。D选项“它从某种程度上会告诉你的身体该起床了。”与上文意思一致。故选D。18．根据上文标题句“Rewardyourselfandtakeitslow”（要奖励你自己并且慢慢来。）可知，这里是建议读者要有一些措施来奖励自己的早起。F选项“创造一个动机让你自己早起。”与上文意思一致。承接下文“Maybethat’samindfulnessexercisetoremindyourselfofwhoorwhatyou’rewakingupearlyfor.”（也许这是一种正念练习，提醒自己早起是为了谁或为什么早起。）故选F。19．根据上文“Youcanstartbywakinguponlyafewminutesearlierthanyouneedtoandthenmoreminutesearlierdaybyday.”（你可以开始的时候仅仅早起几分钟，然后每天都比前一天早一点。）可知，这是作者在解释如何慢慢改变，然后养成习惯，选项总结上文，说明很快就能掌握诀窍。A选项“你将很快就掌握诀窍。”与上文意思一致。故选A。20．根据上文“Youneedtohavepatiencewithyourself.”（你需要对自己有耐心。）可知，作者是在建议读者做事情要有耐心，然后具体说明。B选项“训练早起就是这样一个过程。”与上文意思一致。承接下文Somemorningsmightbehardforyouinthebeginning,butifyou’rekeepingyourhabitsincheckmostofthetime,you’llendupasamorningperson.“有些早晨一开始可能对你来说很难，但如果你大部分时间都能控制好自己的习惯，你终会成为一个早起的人。”故选B。21．B22．A23．C24．D25．B26．C27．A28．D29．C30．B31．D32．B33．B34．A35．C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了双胞胎姐妹帮助美化校园的事情。21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：进入校园的第一天，我们就被它的美丽和放置在那里的仙女彩石雕塑所打动。A.educated受过教育的；B.struck对…印象好的；C.relaxed放松的；D.disturbed烦恼的。根据该句中的“itsbeautyandbright-coloredstonesculpturesoffairies”（它的美丽和彩石雕刻的仙女）可知，作者对校园的印象很好。故选B项。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：进入校园的第一天，我们就被它的美丽和放置在那里的仙女彩石雕塑所打动。A.settled放置；B.visited看望；C.worked工作；D.chatted闲聊。根据句型结构，可知此处是定语从句，修饰前面的名词stonesculpturesoffairies，表示放置在校园的雕塑。故选A项。23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，我发现在学校里，美丽并不总是人们每天的期望。A.routine常规；B.habit习惯；C.expectation期望；D.purpose目标。根据后句“Theweather-beatenstonestatuesbadlyneeded4.”（这些饱经风霜的石像急需喷涂。）可知，校园里的一些设施和雕塑都年久失修，没有达到人们对美丽校园的期望。故选C项。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些饱经风霜的石像急需喷涂。A.removing移开；B.replacing替代；C.wrapping包装；D.painting喷涂。根据前句“Aswegotolder,Idiscoveredtheschoolwasn’talwayswherebeautywasaneveryday3.”可知，校园里的设施都需要维护。故选D项。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我决定做点什么来让校园焕然一新。A.chance机会；B.look面貌；C.background背景；D.culture文化。根据前文，可知校园里的设施需要修缮，但是没有足够的人员去做这件事，于是我决定行动起