高中人教新课标英语必修1至选修8核心词汇梳理并重点训练含答案

人教新课标必修1核心词汇梳理并重点训练

必修1

Unit1Friendship

upset,ignore,concern,settle,suffer,recover,addup,

gothrough,setdown,getalongwith,joinin

1.upsetadj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的

山.使不安；使心烦；弄翻；打乱（计划等）

sthupsetsb某事使某人心烦意乱

sbupsetsth某人打/弄翻某物

upsetaplan打乱计划

beupsetabout/over/atsth为某事烦心

upsetone'sstomach使（肠胃）不适

eg:Hisstrangebehaviourupsethisfather.

Don'tupsetynurselfabouttheexam.

It'supsethimthatnobodyhadbotheredtotellhimaboutit.

Itupsetsmetothinkofherallaloneinthatbighouse.

注：upset为表语形容词，非定语形容词；其过去式和过去分词形式仍为upset；现在分词形

式为upsettingo

2.ignorevt.不理睬；不顾；忽视

ignoresb/sth不理睬某人/某事

ignorancen.无知；愚昧；不知道

beinignoranceof/aboutsth不知道某事

ignorantadj.无知的；愚昧的；不知道的beignorantthat…不知道某事

beignorantof/aboutsth不知道某事

eg:HeignoredallIhc“NoSmoking"signsandlitupacigarette.

Wecan'taffordtoignoretheiradvice.

He'scompletelyignorantaboulmoderntechnology.

3.concern〃.［U］关心，担忧［C］关心的人或事

vt.涉及；参与；使担心，使操心

Itisnoconcernofmine/yours.

concernedadj.关心的，关切的，担忧的；焦虑的（位于名词之前）；相关的（位于名词之

后）

as/sofaras...beconcerned就…而言；依…之见

beconcernedabout/forsth担心…；关心…

beconcernedin/with与…有关

beconcernedover/atsth为某事忧虑

concernoneselfabout/for担忧；关心

concerningprep.关于；有关

eg:Thereisgrowingconcernaboutviolenceontelevision.

ThePresidentisdeeplyconcernedaboutthisissue.

Heaskedseveralquestionsconcerningthefutureofthecompany.

Thischapterconcernsitselfwiththehistoricalbackground.

注：concerned用作形容词时意为“担忧的；关心的”；用作后置定语时意为“相关的；有关

的另外concerning用作介词时意为“关于；对于"。

4.settlevi.安家；定居；停留

”.使定居；安排；解决

settledown舒适地坐下（或躺下）；定居；安静/平静下来

settlein/into习惯于；适应

settleon选定，决定

settleup付清账单

settledadj.稳定的；舒适自在的

settlementn.协议，定居点

eg:Thecompanyhasagreedtosettleoutofcourt.

It'sallsettled-we'releavingonthenineo'clockplane.

Isettledheronthesofaandputablanketoverher.

5.suffervt.遭受,蒙受；Jnpain/defeat/loss/poverty/hunger/punishment/hardshipLU

及表示疾病的词。

泣后常跟介词from,表示“受……折磨；受……之苦，患某种疾病:

sufferern.患病者，受苦者，受难者

sufferingn.(肉体或精神上遭受的)痛苦，疼痛

eg:Manycompaniesaresufferingfromashortageofskilledstaff.

Hesufferedamassiveheartattack.

TheRepublicanPartyhasjustsufferedahugedefeatinthepollsrecently.

6.recovervi.&vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得

recoverform康复，恢复

recoveroneself恢复常态

recoveryn.恢复，改善

eg:LiuXiangisstillrecoveringfromhisoperation.

Ittookherafewminutestorecoverconsciousness.

Shehasmadeafullrecoveryfromherillness.

7.addup合计

add...in...把.…••加进去；包括

add...on(to)...附加,加上

add...to...在……中加上....

addto增加；加强（多用于抽象意义）

addupto总计；总共（不用于被动语态）

inaddition另外

inadditionto...除…“♦之外

eg:Thenumbersadduptoexactly100.

Remembertoaddinthecostofdrinks.

Aservicechargeof15%wasaddedontothebill.

8.gothrough经历，经受；仔细检查；完成；用完

goafter追赶

goagainst违反，与…不符

goahead先走；开始做；着手干

goby逝去，过去

gooff离开；爆炸

goon继续；上场；流逝

goover检查

passthrough走过；路过

livethrough经历

lookthrough浏览；往…里面看

pullthrough（大病、手术后）康复

eg:Ialwaysstartthedaybygoingthroughmye-mail.

He'samazinglycheerfulconsideringallhe'sgonethrough.

Thingswillgeteasierastimegoesby.

9.setdown放下；记下；登记

setabout(doingsth)着手（做某事）

setout(todosth)开始，着手（做某事）

setaside留出；不顾

setback（把钟等）往回拨；推迟

setfree释放；解放

setoff动身，出发；使爆炸

setout动身，出发；着手；安排，组织

setup开办；建立；设立

setanexample树立榜样

setfireto...=onfire纵火烧

eg:Passengersmaybesetdownandpickeduponlyattheofficialstops.

Thebadweathersetbackthebuildingprogrammebyseveralweeks.

Weneedtosetaboutfindingasolution.

注：setabout和setout都可作“开始着手做某事”讲，但setabout后加doingsth,而setout

后加todostho

10.getalongwith与…相处；进展

getalongwithsb同某人相处

getalongwithsth某事进展/进行

getabout/around（消息）传开

get...across讲清楚；（使）被领会

getawayfrom...离开；脱身

get...back收回，找回

get...down记下来；使悲伤

getdownto认真做，开始着手做

getin到达；收割

geton...上车/船/飞机；继续进行；相处

getover...克服；摆脱

getridof...消灭，摆脱，除掉

getthrough...（电话）接通；用完；通过

gettogether聚会，联欢

eg:She'sneverreallygolonwellwithhersister.

I'mnotgettingonveryfastwiththisjob.

It'stimeIgotdowntothinkingaboutthatessay.

Yourmeaningdidn'treallyge>across.

11.joinin参力(1；力Fl入

joinup入伍，参军

入乙

joinupwith(sb)(与某人)联合,玄口

joinhands(withsb)(与某人)拉起手；合伙，联合

辨析join/joinin/takepartin/attend/participate：

①join表示“加入党派、组织、社团、俱乐部”等,isjointheParty/YouthLeague/army/

club/organizationo

②joinin表示“参加正在进行的活动"，如joininagame/discussion/conversation/walk。

亦可说:joinsbin(doing)stho

③takepartin表示“参加会议、活动”，侧重说明主语参加并发挥一定作用，part前若有

修饰语，要用不定冠词，如take(anactive)partinaparty/schoolactivities/physicallabouro

@attend表示“出席或参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼，上课，上学，听报告”，如

attendameeting/asportsmeeting/aconcert/ashow/school/alectureo

©participate为正式用语，和介词in连用，表示积极地参与。

eg:Shelistensbutsheneverjoinsin.

Ourteacheroftenjoinsusinsinginganddancing.

Howmanycountriestookpartinthe29thOlympicGamesinBeijing?

Ourchildrenattendthesameschool.

练习：

1.Theprotestersthemeetingbyshoutingandthrowingstonesatthewindows.

A.attendedB.heldC.upsetD.mixed

2.有些司机就是对速度限制视而不见。

Somedriverssimply.

3.无视别的国家的强烈反对，伊朗政府仍将继续它的核项目。

,Irangovernmentwillgoonwithitsnuclearprogram.

4.Whatthepublicisaboutiswhethermedicalworkersandscientistswillbeabletofinda

cureforthisnewdiseaseinashorttime.

A.concerningB.concern

C.concernedD.toconcern

5.Howarethekidstheirnewschool?

A.settlingB.settlingup

C.settlingintoD.settlingdown

6.AsaresultofthesevereearthquakeinWenchuan,thewholecitygreatlosses.

A.havesufferedfromB.suffered

C.havesufferedD.sufferedfrom

7.经济呈现出复苏的迹象。

Theeconomyisshowing.

8.警方尚未找回被盗的珠宝。

Policehavesofarfailedto.

9.一HasMarycomebackyet?

—Yes.Shehasgotmanybooksfromhereiderschoolmates,which1,000.

A.addupB.adduptoC.addtoD.add

10.Theengineoftheshipwasoutoforderandthebadweatherthehelplessnessofthe

crewatsea.

A.addedtoB.resultedfrom

C.turnedoutD.madeup

11.Maybetherearesomethingsamongthegirfspapers,likeherschoolreports,oldphotosandso

on.Canyouthemandgivemewhateveryoufind?

A.gothroughB.goafter

C.gointoD.gowith

12.Thateveninghewhathehadthoughtabouttheresearch.

A.setabout;setdownB.setabout;tosetdown

C.setout;settingdownD.setout;tosetdown

13.1don,tthinkyourspeech__tothecrowd,fortheyappearedquitepuzzled.

A.gotbackB.gotaway

C.gotthroughD.gotacross

14.WhenTomwasveryyoung,hewasterriblyfrightenedofdogs,buthesoonthem.

A.gotacrossB.gotoff

C.gotawayD.gotover

15.MysistertheLeaguelastmonthandshehasdecidedto___theactivitytohelpthe

agednextweek.

A.joined;joininB.joinedin;join

C.joined;joinD.joinedin;joinin

Unit2Englisharoundtheworld

native,base,command,request,recognize,block,becauseof,comeup,suchas,playarole/

partin9

1.nativeadj.本国的；本地的；天赋的

他本地人；本国人

benativeto原产于某地的，土生土长的

beanativeof土生土长的本地人

gonative入乡随俗，同化

nativeart/dance/peoples土著艺术/舞蹈/民族

nativewit/intelligence与生俱来的机智/才智

eg:ThetigerisnativetoIndia.

HeisanativeofBeijing.

Youcanalwaystellthedifferencebetweenthetouristsandthenatives.

2.basevt.以…为根据

儿基部；基地；基础

basesthon/uponsth以…为基础（或根据）

basesb/sth/oneselfin以…为据点（或总部等）,把（总部等）设在

thebaseofacolumn/glass/pyramid柱基/玻璃杯底/金字塔底座

amilitary/navalbase军事/海军基地

basedadj.（以某事）为基础/根据的

baselessadj.无根据的；无缘无故的

basementn.地下室

eg:Whatareyoubasingthistheoryon?

TheydecidedtobasethenewcompanyinNewYork.

Thetownisanidealbasefortouringthearea.

3.commandn.［C］命令，指令［U］掌握

vt.命令，指挥，支配；博得；赢得

atsb'scommand听某人指挥

underone'scommand由…指挥

underthecommandofsb在…指挥之下

have(a)commandof掌握；精通（尤指语言）

takecommandof控制

(be)incommandof掌握，控制

commandsbtodosth命令某人做某事

commandthat...(should)do..命令…

eg:Thepoliceanivedandtookcommandofthesituation.

Applicantswillbeexpectedtohave(a)commandofEnglish.

Thecommissionintervenedandcommandedthatworkonthebuildingcease.

注：command后面的宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语形式是should+

动词原形或省略shouldo

4.request请求；要求

make(a)requestfor...请求；要求，••

atsb'srequest=attherequestofsb应某人之要求

byrequest(of)照需要；依照请求；应邀

onrequest一经要求

requestsbtodosth请求某人做某事

requestthatsb(should)dosth请求…

requeststhfrom/ofsb向某人请求某物

Itisrequestedthat...据要求…

eg:HewasthereatIherequeslofhismanager.

Sherequestedthatnoone(should)betoldofherdecision.

Youarerequestednollosmokeintherestaurant.

常用虚拟语气的动词口诀：一坚持insist；二命令order,command；三建议advise,suggest,

propose；四要求ask,demand,request,requireo

5.recognizevt.辨认出；承认

recognizesb/sthby/from...

根据…认出某人/某事(物)

berecognizedtobe/as被认作…/被认为是…

Itisrecognizedthat...人们公认…

recognitionn.认识；认出

outof/beyondrecognition认不出来

eg:Drugswerenutrecognizedtobe/asaseriousproblemthen.

Itwasrecognizedthatthissolutioncouldonlybetemporary.

Thebookisnowrecognizedasaclassic.

6.blockn.大块；大楼；街区；一批，一组

V.阻塞，挡住

ablockofice/concrete/stone一大块冰/混凝土/石头

atowerblock高层建筑

anofficeblock办公大楼

ablockofshares一大宗股份

blockoff封锁，堵住

blockout挡住，遮住

blockup塞住，封住

block...from阻止…做…

eg:Hisapartmentisthreeblocksawayfromthepolicestation.

Themainroadsofthecityhavebeenblockedoff.

Thefallentreesblockedusfromgoingintothefloodedarea.

注：表示“阻止…做…”的动词有：block...;(from).../prevent...;(from).../stop...;

(from).../ban...;(from).../keep...from...

7.becauseof因为；由于

becauseof是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词；because是连词，后跟从句。

辨析becauseof/owingto/dueto/onaccountof/thanksto：

这五个短语都有“由于、因为”的意思，都是介词短语，因此后面不可接从句。

①becauseof意为“由于，因为"，强调因果关系，在句中一般作状语。

®owingto与becauseof一样，也强调因果关系，作表语或状语。

③dueto引出造成后果的原因，在句中常作表语、状语。作状语时与owingto同义，但due

to一般不置于句首。

@onaccountof与becauseof,owingto同义，但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语。

©thanksto只能用作状语，可以表达正面意思，“幸亏”，也可用于讽刺口吻中(近于讽刺

口吻中的“感谢”)。

eg:LiuXianggaveupthecompetitionbecauseofhisinjury.

Thegamewascancelledowingeoheavyrain.

Theteam'ssuccesswaslargelyduetoherefforts.

Itwasagreatsuccess一thanksloalotofhardwork.

8.comeup走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；(太阳、月亮等)升起

comeupwith想出；提出

comeabout发生

comeacross穿过(路、桥)；偶遇；偶然发现(=comeupon)

comealong一道来；一起去；进步；赶快

comeback回来；记起

comeon(风、雨等)到来；(演员)出场；赶快；得了吧

comeout出版；出来，出现：结果是

cometo苏醒；总计；达到；谈到

eg:Thedaffodilsarejustbeginningtocomeup.

Thesubjectcameupinconversation.

Shecameupwithanewideaforincreasingsales.

注：comeup含有“被提出”之意，以物作主语，此时不用被动语态；而comeupwith意为

“提出，想出"，其主语是人。

Icameupwithaproposalanditsooncameupatthemeeting.

9.suchas例如…；像这种的

辨析suchas/forexample/thatis/andsoon：

①suchas…用来列举事物。通常放在被列举的事物的前面以及需要说明的事物的后面，意

思是“比如；诸如…之类的"，也与like互换，as后面不能有逗号。

②forexample…起到补充说明的作用，表明在众多内容中仅举一个或少数几个例子，可位

于句首、句中或句末，意思是“例如…；举个例子…:

③thatis是后面列举的事物的总量等于它前面所提到的总和，相当于namely,意思是“即，

也就是说:

④andsoon对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用...andsoon进行概括，说

明还有例子，但不一一列出了，意思是“…等”。

eg:Wildflowerssuchasorchidsandprimrosesarebecomingrare.

ItispossibletocombineComputerSciencewithothersubjects,forexample,Physics.

Wediscussedeverything一whentogo,whattoseeandsoon.

10.playarole/partin在…中担任角色；

在…中起作用

playanimportantrole/partin在…方面起重要作用

playtheroleofsb=play/actthepartofsb

(在剧中)扮演某人的角色

playtheleadingrole起主要(带头)作用

eg:Clownsplayanimportantrolninacircus.

Sheplaysanactivepartinlocalpolitics.

Themediaplayamajorroleininfluencingpeople'sopinions.

11.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethanever

before.

©morethan+数词,表示“超过,多于

②morethan+名词,表示“不仅是,不只是

③morethan+形容词/副词，表示“非常，十分"，与very同义。

④morethan之后接含有can的从句时，常表示否定意义。此时，从句中的谓语动词必须是

及物动词，并且与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系。

@more…than…意为"与其…不如…；是…而不是…”，表示自身的比较。

⑥nomorethan=only意为“只有，仅仅“；notmorethan常用于数词之前，意为“至多，

不超过”，其意义相当于at(the)mosto

eg:Thereisroomfornomoreehanthreecars.

Shewasfarmoreintelligentthanhersister.

I'mmore(hanhappytotakeyouthereinmycar.

Ithadmoretheappearanceofadeliberatecrimethanofanaccident.

练习：

1.Spanishisthe____languageofmostSpaniards.

A.birthB.homeC.nativeD.natural

2.Withoutfacts,wecan'tformaworthwhileopinionforweneedtohavefactualknowledge

ourthinking.

A.whichtobebasedonB.whichtobaseupon

C.uponwhichtobaseD.towhichtobebased

3.Acompetentspeakerofalanguagemusthavea(an)

ofthesedifferentstyles.

A.commentB.observation

C.commandD.response

4.Thisishisonlyrequestthattheroomafterbeingused.

A.becleanedB.wouldbecleaned

C.iscleanedD.willbecleaned

5.Thefamousfilmstarworedarkglassessothatnoonewould__him.

A.reachB.recognizeC.realizeD.know

6.多年来她努力想把她生命中的那一段经历从记忆中抹去。

Overtheyearsshehadtriedtothatpartofherlife.

7.由于伤风，我的鼻子不通气。

Mynosewiththiscold.

8.Dozensoftheforeignvisitorswillhavetowaitanothertwoweeksthedelaysin

obtainingpermits.

A.incaseofB.inspiteof

C.insteadofD.becauseof

9.Tom,togetherwithhisclassmates,becauseoftheschoolrule.

A.waspunished;obeying

B.werepunished;breaking

C.waspunished;breaking

D.werepunished;obeying

10.Theythoughtaboutitforalongtime,butstillcouldn'tasolution.

A.comeoverB.getalongwith

C.comeoutD.comeupwith

11.Afamouswriter'snewbookMyNewLifewill

nextmonth.

A.comeacrossB.comeout

C.comealongD.comeup

12.SeveralChinesefilmsarerisingtointernationalfame,,BrokebackMountaindirectedby

AngLeehaswontheOscarAwards.

A.suchasB.forexample

C.namelyD.thatis

13.ThepartthatChinaintheinternationalaffairsininternationalsociety.

A.plays;iswidelypraisedB.plays;iswidepraised

C.takes;widelypraisedD.takes;widepraised

14.-Anneactsquiteunfriendly.

一Ithinkshe'sunfriendly.

A.moreshythanB.shyerthan

C.moreshyerthanD.shymorethan

Unit3TravelJournal

prefer;persuade,determine,view,changeone'smind,givein,nomatterhow

1.preferw.更喜欢；选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）

prefersth更喜欢…

prefer（sb）todosth更喜欢（某人）做…

preferthat更喜欢［that从句中常用（should+动词原形）

prefersth/doing...tosth/doing…与，••相比更喜欢・,•；宁愿…,不愿…

prefertodo...ratherthando...宁可…也不…

preferencen.偏爱；爱好；喜爱

givepreferencetosb/sth给…以优惠；优待

inpreferencetosb/sth而不是

eg:Ipreferplayingindefense.

Iwouldpreferthatyou（should）notmentionmyname.

Hepreferstostayathomeratherthangoshopping.

ShewaschoseninpreferencetohersisterasavolunteeroftheBeijingOlympicGames.

注：在preferto...结构中，to后接动词原形；在prefer...to...结构和preference构成的短语中

t。都为介词。

2.persuadevt.劝说；说服

persuadesbtodosth=persuadesbintodoingsth

说服某人做某事

persuadesbnottodosth=persuadesboutofdoingsth

说服某人不做某事

trytopersuadesbtodosth（=advisesbtodosth）

尽力劝说某人做某事（但未劝服）

persuadesbofsth使某人相信…

persuasiveadj.有说服力的；令人信服的

persuasionn.说服；信服；信念

辨析advise/persuade：

advise表示“劝告”的动作,不看结果,而persuade强调“已经说服"；advise既可接动词

的-ing形式作宾语，也可接that引导的宾语从句（必须用虚拟语气should+动词原形），而

persuade不能。

eg:Trytopersuadehimtocome.

Iallowedmyselftobepersuadedintoentseingthecompetition.

Iamstillnotfullypersuadedoftheplan'sadvantage.

注：Youcanadvisehimbutyoumaynotpersuadehim.

3.determinevt.&vi.决定;确定;（使）下定决心

determine+n./pron.决（确）定

determinetodosth决定做某事（表示动作，非延续性动词短语）

determineon/upon...决定…

determinethat/what...决定…

determinesbtodosth使某人决定做某事

determinesbagainststh使某人决定不做某事

bedeterminedtodosth决心做某事（表示状态，可与表示时间段的状语连用）

determinedadj.坚决的，有决心的

determinationn.决心

eg:Wedeterminedtoleaveatonce.

Hisadvicedeterminedmetodelaynomore.

Iamdeterminedtofindoutwhoisresponsibleforthis.

注：determinetodosth在词义上等于bedeterminedtodostho但前者强调动作，后者强调状

态。类似的短语还有：preparefor/bepreparedfor,worryabout/beworriedabouto这类

结构常考查分词作状语的用法。

4.viewn.风景；视野；观点；见解

vt.观看；注视；考虑

inone'sview在某人看来

comeintoview进入视野，看得见

infullview(ofsb/sth)完全看得见

inviewofsth鉴于，考虑到，由于

withaviewtosth/todoingsth为了，指望

eg:Wetaketheviewthatitwouldbewrongtointerfere.

Howdoyouviewyourpositioninthecompany?

Inviewoftheweather,wewillcanceltheouting.

5.changeone'smind改变主意

makeupone'smind下决心，决定

bear/keep...inmind记住

have...inmind考虑；打算

call/bringsthtomind回忆起某事

fixone'smindupon把注意力集中在…

beofone/thesamemind对…意见一致

beoutofone'smind发狂，发疯

eg:Haveyoumadeupyourmindswheretogoforyourhoneymoon?

Shecouldn'tcalltomindwhereshehadseenhimbefore.

Hewillbearthebeautifulgirlinmindforever.

6.givein屈服；投降；让步；上交

giveintosb对某人让步

giveaway赠送；泄露；出卖

giveback归还

giveoff放出；散发出（液体、气体、气味、能量、热量、光、声音）

giveout分发；用完，筋疲力尽

giveup放弃；停止；认输；把…送交

giveover移交

givewayto给…让路；对…让步

eg:Theauthoritieshaveshownnosignsofgivingintothekidnappers1demands.

Hegaveawaymostofhismoneytocharity.

Afteramonththeirfoodsuppliesgaveout.

7.WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardtobreatheanditwouldbeverycold,shesaiditwould

beaninterestingexperience.

①在“主语+系动词+形容词+不定式”结构中，常用主动形式表示被动含义。

使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：a.不定式作状语修饰作表语的形容词；b.不定式和

句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。

②不定式作定语时，当在句子中能找到不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与其所修饰的名词构成

动宾关系时，这时不定式可用主动形式表示被动含义。

eg:It'sadifficultquestiontoanswer.

Tomiseasytoplease.

HarryPotterisinterestingtoread.

8.Adeterminedpersonalwaystriestofinishthejob,nomatterhowharditis.

nomatterhow引导让步状语从句，意为“无论多么…”，how后紧跟形容词或副词，此处

相当于however+形容词/副词。

疑问词-ever和nomatter+疑问词

①whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever可以引导让步状语从句,也可以引导名词性

从句。引导让步状语从句时，可以换成nomatterwhat/which/who/whom,位置可以在

主句前或后。

②wherever,whenever,however常引导让步状语从句,可以换成nomatterwhere/when/

how,可以防在主句前或后。

③however引导让步状语从句常与倒装结合起来。这时，however起双重作用，一是引导让

步状语从句，二是修饰某一个形容词或副词，而这个形容词或副词要紧接在它之后。

eg:Whoeversaysthatisaliar.（主语从句）

Wherevershegoes,therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.（让步状语从句）

Shehasthewindowopen,howevercolditisoutside.（让步状语从句）

练习：

1.Mostpeopleprefer____moneyit.

A.spending;toearning

B.tobespending;tobeearning

C.tospend;toearn

D.havingspent;tohavingearned

2.他试图劝我去看医生，但没人能说服我！

3.toresumehisformerposition,LiuXiangisactivelyengagedintraining.

A.DetermineB.Todetermine

C.DeterminedD.Determining

4.1wouldliketobuyahousewhichhasa（n）____

overthesea.

A.imageB.viewC.sightD.scenery

5.Thesearethebasicgrammar,whichyoushouldlearn.

A.bymemoryB.byheart

C.inmindD.forgood

6.Whatdisappointeduswasthattheirdeterminationfinally____.

A.gaveoffB.gaveoutC.gaveupD.gavein

7.Hetriedtokeepupacalmappearance,buthistremblingvoicehim____.

A.showed;offB.cleared;up

C.gave;awayD.gave;out

8.Wehaveseveralmodelsofthelatestdesign,youcantakewhicheveryoulike.

A.tochooseB.tobechosenfrom

C.forchoosingfromD.tochoosefrom

9.Theemployersoftengivethejobto____theybelievehaveworkexperiencewithastrong

senseofduty.

A.whoeverB.whomever

C.whoD.thosewho

10.thecause,thehatebetweenthesemengrewdeeperanddeeper.

A.WhatB.WhataboutC.WhateverD.Whatif

Unit4Earthquakes

burst,ruin,injure,bury,judge,rightaway,atanend,anumberof,Itseemsasif...

LburstM&i”.（使）爆裂；（使）裂开；突然出现；爆发

比突然破裂；爆发

burstout突然迸发；爆发

burstoutdoingsth=burstinto+n.突然…起来

beburstingtodosth渴望，急着要做（某事）

burstin/into闯进，突然破门而入

burstwithanger/grief/joy勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支

eg:TheexcellentperformanceofChinesecompetitorsatthe29thBeijingOlympicGamescaused

burstsofapplause.

Shewasburstinglotellhimthegoodnews.

Theboyburstintotearsonseeingthebigdog.

2.ruin几［U］毁坏；毁灭，崩溃［C］（8）废墟、遗址

v.（使）破产，（使）堕落，毁灭

beinruins成为废墟

betheruinof成为…毁灭（gg落）的原因

bringsbtoruin使某人失败；使倾家荡产

come/fallto/intoruin毁灭；崩溃；破坏掉

ruinoneself自取灭亡

ruinone'shealth/fame破坏某人的健康/名誉

eg:Thebanksteppedintosavethecompanyfromfinancialruin.

Mynewshoesgotruinedinthemud.

Thatonemistakeruinedhischanceofgettingthejob.

辨析destroy,ruin,damage,break,spoil：

①destroy常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏、毁坏”程度较深；也可用于损坏抽象的

东西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。

②ruin亦指彻底毁掉，但不含有某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐

毁掉的意思。

③damage是程度较小的“破坏、损坏”，一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。

@break是“破坏、打破、打碎”的意思。它表示的范围极广，程度也不一。可用于有形的

东西，如石头、玻璃或瓷器等，也可用于无形、抽象的东西，如法律、沉默、魔力或习

惯等。

©spoil"破坏，糟蹋”，其重点在于破坏事物原先的结构、和谐性，使原事物不再具有原先

的特点，宾语常是景致、食欲、计划等。

3.injurevt.损害，伤害

injuryn.伤，伤口；伤害

doaninjurytosb伤害某人

injuredadj.受伤的，受委屈的

theinjured伤员

aninjuredlook/expression委屈的样子/表情

injuredpride/feelings受到伤害的自尊/情感

辨析wound,injure,hurt,harm：

®wound一般指外伤，如刀伤、枪伤，尤指战争、战斗中受伤。

②injure一般指由于意外或事故造成的损伤，其宾语常为健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能

的损失。

③hurt可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害，特指伴有疼痛的肉体上的伤害；作

不及物动词时，是“痛”的意思。

④harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便。

eg:Oneoftheplayersinjuredhiskneeandhadtobecarriedoff.

Thiscouldseriouslyinjurethecompany'sreputation.

Don'tharmyoureyesbyreadingindimlight.

4.buryvt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入

beburiedalive被活埋

burysthin...把…埋到…里

buryone'sfaceinhands双手掩面

beburiedin]埋头于；专心于

bury(oneself)inJ

eg:Theirambitionswerefinallydeadandburied.

Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandwept.

Sincesheleft,he'sburiedhimselfinhiswork.

5.judgev.断定；判断；判决

儿裁判员；法官；评判员

judgesb/sthfrom/by...从…来判断

judgebetweenrightandwrong判断是非

asfarasIcanjudge据我判断，我认为

judgingby/from从…上看，根据…判断

judgementn.判断，审判，意见，判断力

inone'sjudgement依某人看来，按某人的看法

eg:Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover.

Judgingby/fromherlastletter,theyarehavingawonderfultime.

Hewasoneofthejudgesatthehorserace.

注：judgingfrom/by表示“从…上看，根据…来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不

受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语，而不采用过去分词的形式。

6.rightaway立刻，马上

表示“立刻，马上”的结构：

withoutdelay/rightnow/immediately/atonce/innotime/rightoff

辨析rightaway/rightnow：

rightaway”立刻，马上”，相当于atonce,innotime。

rightnow”立即，马上；此时此刻“，后一意义比now的语气强，相当于at由isverymoment。

eg:Iwantitsentrightaway.

Hecleanedtheroomrightaway.

He'snotintheofficerightnow.

7.atanend结束，终结

attheendof在…尽头，在…末端（指时间或空间的一个终点）

bytheendof