备战2025年高考二轮复习课件（共111张） 英语 专题1 阅读理解 第2讲 明晰文体-解题快又准

第2讲明晰文体——解题快又准WPS,aclicktounlimitedpossibilities汇报人：目录索引01文体1应用文02文体2记叙文03文体3说明文04文体4议论文考情表解卷别新高考Ⅰ卷新高考Ⅱ卷年份202420232022202420232022体裁A应用文应用文应用文应用文应用文应用文B夹叙夹议文记叙文夹叙夹议文说明文说明文记叙文C说明文说明文记叙文说明文说明文说明文D说明文说明文说明文书评说明文说明文卷别新高考Ⅰ卷新高考Ⅱ卷年份202420232022202420232022题材A志愿者招募自行车租赁课程评分四种徒步活动护理员项目博物馆团游B中西医结合治疗动物生态设计食物浪费短故事小亭学校园艺项目新媒体时代C纸质阅读和数字阅读书的序言养鸡项目巴比伦微型农场阅读的艺术短信监控器D现代生物数据采样群体智慧效应语音发展以人工智能为主题的书接触大自然有氧运动文体1应用文01应用文包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品说明与介绍、新闻报道等,形式多样,题材各异(如图示、表格等),措辞简洁明了,直截了当,其目的是向读者传输信息。

(2024新课标Ⅰ卷,A)HABITAT

RESTORATION

TEAMHelprestoreandprotectMarin’snaturalareasfromtheMarinHeadlandstoBolinasRidge.We’llexplorebeautifulparksiteswhileconductinginvasive(侵入的)plantremoval,winterplanting,andseedcollection.HabitatRestorationTeamvolunteersplayavitalroleinrestoringsensitiveresourcesandprotectingendangeredspeciesacrosstheridgesandvalleys.GROUPSGroupsof5ormorerequirespecialarrangementsandmustbeconfirmedinadvance.PleasereviewtheListofAvailableProjectsandfillouttheGroupProjectRequestForm.AGE,SKILLS,WHAT

TO

BRINGVolunteersaged10andoverarewelcome.ReadourYouthPolicyGuidelinesforyouthundertheageof15.BringyourcompletedVolunteerAgreementForm.Volunteersundertheageof18musthavetheparent/guardianapprovalsectionsigned.We’llbeworkingrainorshine.Wearclothesthatcangetdirty.Bringlayersforchangingweatherandaraincoatifnecessary.Bringapersonalwaterbottle,sunscreen,andlunch.Noexperiencenecessary.Trainingandtoolswillbeprovided.Fulfills(满足)communityservicerequirements.UPCOMING

EVENTSTimeMeeting

LocationSunday,Jan.1510:00am-1:00pmBatteryAlexanderTrailheadSunday,Jan.2210:00am-2:30pmStinsonBeachParkingLotSunday,Jan.299:30am-2:30pmCoyoteRidgeTrailhead21.WhatistheaimoftheHabitatRestorationTeam?A.Todiscovermineralresources.B.Todevelopnewwildlifeparks.C.Toprotectthelocalecosystem.D.Toconductbiologicalresearch.22.WhatistheloweragelimitforjoiningtheHabitatRestorationTeam?A.5.

B.10. C.15. D.18.23.Whatarethevolunteersexpectedtodo?A.Bringtheirowntools.B.Workeveninbadweather.C.Wearateamuniform.D.Doatleastthreeprojects.▶语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。作者介绍了一个生物栖息地修复工作队的工作内容和招募志愿者的相关信息和要求。▶语篇图解21.根据第一段的“HelprestoreandprotectMarin’snaturalareasfromtheMarinHeadlandstoBolinasRidge.”可知,HABITATRESTORATIONTEAM的目的是帮助恢复和保护马林的一些自然区,也就是保护当地的生态系统。故选

项。

22.根据AGE,SKILLS,WHATTOBRING下面列出的“Volunteersaged10andoverarewelcome.ReadourYouthPolicyGuidelinesforyouthundertheageof15.”和“Volunteersundertheageof18musthavetheparent/guardianapprovalsectionsigned.”可知,最低年龄限制为10岁。故选

项。

23.根据AGE,SKILLS,WHATTOBRING下面列出的第三条“We’llbeworkingrainorshine.Wearclothesthatcangetdirty.Bringlayersforchangingweatherandaraincoatifnecessary.”可知,不管下雨天还是晴天,志愿者都要工作。故选

项。

CBB▶思路点拨课堂应用A(2024浙江1月卷,A)Tom

Sawyer

Play

Is

an

AdventureA35-minutehand-clapping,foot-stompingmusicalversionofaMarkTwainfavoritereturnswiththisTallStacksfestival.“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”hasallthegoodstuff,includingthefencepainting,thegraveyard,theislandandthecave.ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.That’sthelocalstagewritingteamthatcreatesmanyoftheChildren’sTheatreofCincinnati’soriginalmusicals,alongwiththeholidayfamilymusicalsatEnsembleTheatre.ThisyearNathanTurnerofBurlingtonisTomSawyer,andRobbieMcMathofFortMitchellisHuckFinn.Turner,a10th-graderatSchoolforCreativeandPerformingArts,isafamiliarpresenceonCincinnati’sstages.HeisastaractorofChildren’sTheatre,havingplayedleadingrolesin“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”and“TheWizardofOz”,andisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Ragtime”.McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof“TomSawyer”whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.ThissummerheattendedKentucky’sGovernor’sSchoolfortheArtsinMusicalTheatre.Notetoteachers:Children’sTheatrehasastudyguidedemonstratinghowmathandsciencecanbetaughtthrough“TomSawyer”.Fordownloadablelessons,visittheofficialwebsiteofChildren’sTheatre.【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍由马克·吐温的作品所改编的音乐剧《汤姆·索亚:河上历险记》。1.Whowrotethemusicfor“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”?A.DavidKisor.

B.JoeMcDonough.C.NathanTurner. D.RobbieMcMath.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.”可知,本剧是由大卫·基索作曲的。2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwoactors?A.Theystudyinthesameschool.B.Theyworkedtogetherin“Ragtime”.C.Theyareexperiencedonstage.D.Theybecamefriendstenyearsago.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段可知,Turner经常出现在辛辛那提的舞台上,是儿童剧院的明星演员,曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角;根据第五段中的“McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof‘TomSawyer’whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.”可知,McMath也是儿童剧院的老演员;综合以上信息可知,这两位演员在舞台上经验丰富。3.WhatdoesChildren’sTheatreprovideforteachers?A.Researchfunding.B.Trainingopportunities.C.Technicalsupport.D.Educationalresources.答案D解析细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,儿童剧院为教师提供了一份学习指南,展示如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学,可通过儿童剧院的网站下载课程;由此可知,儿童剧院为教师提供了教育资源。B(2024新课标Ⅱ卷,A)Choice

of

Walks

for

Beginner

and

Experienced

WalkersTheCarlowAutumnWalkingFestivalisagreatopportunityforthebeginner,experiencedoradvancedwalkertoenjoythechallengesofCarlow’smountainhikesorthepeaceofitswoodlandwalks.Walk

1-The

Natural

WorldWithenvironmentalistÉannaLamhnaastheguide,thiswalkpromisestobeaninformativetour.WalkersaresuretolearnlotsaboutthehabitatsandnaturalworldoftheBlackstairs.DateandTime:Saturday,1stOctober,at9:00StartPoint:ScratoesBridgeWalkDuration:6hoursWalk

2-Introduction

to

HillwalkingEmmanuelChappard,anexperiencedguide,hasapassionformakingthegreatoutdoorsaccessibletoall.Thismountainwalkprovidesaninsightintotheskillsrequiredforhillwalkingtoensureyougetthemostfromfuturewalkingtrips.DateandTime:Sunday,2ndOctober,at9:00StartPoint:DeerparkCarParkWalkDuration:5hoursWalk

3-Moonlight

Under

the

StarsWalkingatnight-timeisagreatwaytostepoutofyourcomfortzone.BreathtakingviewsofthelowlandsofCarlowcanbeenjoyedinthepresenceofwelcomingguidesfromlocalwalkingclubs.Atorch(手电筒)alongwithsuitableclothingisessentialforwalkinginthedark.Thosewhoaredressedinappropriatelywillberefusedpermissiontoparticipate.DateandTime:Saturday,1stOctober,at18:30StartPoint:TheTownHallWalkDuration:3hoursWalk

4-Photographic

Walk

in

Kilbrannish

ForestThisinformativewalkledbyRichardSmythintroducesyoutothebasicprinciplesofphotographyinthewild.Bringalongyourcameraandenjoythewonderfulviewsalongthiswell-surfacedforestpath.DateandTime:Sunday,2ndOctober,at11:45StartPoint:KilbrannishForestRecreationAreaWalkDuration:1.5hours【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。卡洛秋季徒步节提供不同难度的徒步活动,适合初学者和有经验的徒步者,包括自然探索、山地技能学习、夜间徒步和森林摄影。4.Whichwalktakestheshortesttime?A.TheNaturalWorld.B.IntroductiontoHillwalking.C.MoonlightUndertheStars.D.PhotographicWalkinKilbrannishForest.答案D解析细节理解题。根据“Walk1-The

Natural

World”中的“WalkDuration:6hours”;“Walk2-Introduction

to

Hillwalking”中的“WalkDuration:5hours”;“Walk3-Moonlight

Under

the

Stars”中的“WalkDuration:3hours”以及“Walk4-Photographic

Walk

in

Kilbrannish

Forest”中的“WalkDuration:1.5hours”可知,PhotographicWalkinKilbrannishForest用时最短。5.WhatareparticipantsinWalk3requiredtodo?A.Wearproperclothes.B.Joinawalkingclub.C.Getspecialpermits.D.Bringasurvivalguide.答案A解析细节理解题。根据“Walk3-Moonlight

Under

the

Stars”中的“Atorchalongwithsuitableclothingisessentialforwalkinginthedark.”可知,Walk3的参与者需要穿着合适的衣服并携带手电筒。6.Whatdothefourwalkshaveincommon?A.Theyinvolvedifficultclimbing.B.Theyareforexperiencedwalkers.C.Theysharethesamestartpoint.D.Theyarescheduledfortheweekend.答案D解析细节理解题。通读全文可知,Walk1和Walk3在周六进行,而Walk2和Walk4在周日进行。因此文中徒步活动的共同点是都被安排在周末。文体2记叙文02记叙文是以写人、记事、状物为主要内容,以记叙和描写为主要表达方式的文章。一篇记叙文,无论长短都应该是一个完全独立的事实,描写人物、地点、事件和发生过程,表达作者的某种情感。

(2023新课标Ⅱ卷,B)Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.Jaramillo’sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.“Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoftdrinks,”shesays.“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.UrbanSprouts’classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,includehands-onexperimentssuchassoiltesting,flower-and-seeddissection,tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear,studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.“Wehavestudentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey’reeatingdifferently,”Jaramillosays.Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”24.WhatdoweknowaboutAbbyJaramillo?A.Sheusedtobeahealthworker.B.Shegrewupinalow-incomefamily.C.Sheownsafastfoodrestaurant.D.SheisaninitiatorofUrbanSprouts.25.WhatwasaproblemfacingJaramilloatthestartoftheprogram?A.Thekids’parentsdistrustedher.B.Studentshadlittletimeforherclasses.C.Somekidsdislikedgardenwork.D.Therewasnospaceforschoolgardens.26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?A.Far-reaching.

B.Predictable.C.Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RescuingSchoolGardensB.ExperiencingCountryLifeC.GrowingVegetableLoversD.ChangingLocalLandscape▶语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了AbbyJaramillo发起了一个名叫“UrbanSprouts”的学校园艺项目的目的和对学生产生的积极影响。▶语篇图解24.根据第一段中的“Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.”可知,AbbyJaramillo是UrbanSprouts的发起者。故选

项。

25.根据第二段中的“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”可知,项目之初,一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故

项正确。

26.根据最后一段内容可知,这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物,而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园,对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用,从而推知,该项目的影响是深远的。故

项正确。

27.通读全文可知,文章主要讲述了AbbyJaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力、环保意识以及健康生活方式的UrbanSprouts花园项目,对学生影响深远。故

项正确。

DCAC▶思路点拨课堂应用A(2024浙江1月卷,B)Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions(试演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore“youngprofessional”.AsIrushedoutdoorstoemptythewastepaperbaskets,thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwaslockedoutside.Mymobilephonewasinside,butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.AsithasbeenmanyyearssinceIlastusedone,Ishouldhardlybesurprisedthattherearenolongeranypublictelephonesnearmyhouse.Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturnedintoa“minicommunitylibrary”:anypasser-bycan“borrow”abookfromitsshelves,andreturnitlater,orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirowncollection.Forafewmonthsafterthe“library”opened,Ididn’tbothertakingalook,asIhadassumedthatitwouldbestuffedfullofcheesylovestories.ThenInoticedfolkconductingspringcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminousbooksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andthesebookswerefree.ThisunbeatablepricepointencouragedmetoexperimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.AndI’vediscoveredsomegreatbooks!IfIevergettrappedoutsidemyhouseagain,mylocaltelephoneboxwill,sadly,nolongerbeabletoconnectmewithmykeys.ButitcancertainlykeepmeentertainedwhileIwaitformywifetorescueme.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。随着手机的普及,电话亭渐渐地被人们遗忘,作者家附近的最后一个电话亭被改造成了“迷你图书馆”,作者偶然发现那里有很多不错的免费书籍,这让作者觉得很棒。1.Whatdoestheword“it”underlinedinthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Theplay.

B.Thesharedhouse.C.Thesofa. D.Thetelephonebox.答案B解析词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“...inmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.”及“...Ispreadsomethrows...‘youngprofessional.’”可知,此处是指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点,所以it代指“合租房”。2.Whydidtheauthorusethetelephoneboxin2006?A.Toplaceanurgentcall.B.Toputupanotice.C.Toshelterfromtherain.D.Toholdanaudition.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.”可知,作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话。3.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“minicommunitylibrary”?A.Itprovidesphoneserviceforfree.B.Anyonecancontributetoitscollection.C.Itispopularamongyoungreaders.D.Booksmustbereturnedwithinamonth.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturnedintoa‘minicommunitylibrary’:anypasser-bycan‘borrow’abookfromitsshelves,andreturnitlater,orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirowncollection.”可知,任何人都可以为“迷你社区图书馆”捐赠图书。4.Whydidtheauthorstarttousethe“library”?A.Hewantedtoborrowsomelovestories.B.Hewasencouragedbyacloseneighbour.C.Hefoundtherewereexcellentfreebooks.D.Hethoughtitwasanidealplaceforreading.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“ThisunbeatablepricepointencouragedmetoexperimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.AndI’vediscoveredsomegreatbooks!”可知,作者发现“迷你图书馆”里有很多免费的很棒的书,所以开始使用。B(2024新课标Ⅱ卷,B)Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?Yes,weallhaveourphones,butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted.Well,there’sakiosk(小亭)forthat.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea,atleast.“Youenterthefaregates(检票口)andyou’llseeakioskthatislitupandittellsyoucangetaone-minute,athree-minute,orafive-minutestory,”saysAliciaTrost,thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransit—knownasBART.“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.”It’sthatsimple.Ridershaveprintednearly20,000shortstoriesandpoemssincetheprogramwaslaunchedlastMarch.Someareclassicshortstories,andsomeareneworiginalworks.Trostalsowantstointroducelocalwriterstolocalriders.“WewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmitstoriesforacontest,”Trostsays.“Andasofrightnow,we’vereceivedabout120submissions.Thewinningstorieswouldgointoourkioskandthenyouwouldbeapublishedartist.”Ridershipontransit(交通)systemsacrossthecountryhasbeendownthepasthalfcentury,socouldshortstoriessavetransit?Trostthinksso.“Attheendofthedayalltransitagenciesrightnowaredoingeverythingtheycantoimprovetheriderexperience.SoIabsolutelythinkwewillgetmoreridersjustbecauseofshortstories,”shesays.Andyou’llneverbewithoutsomethingtoread.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。旧金山湾区BART通过小亭提供不同阅读时长的短故事,以提升乘客体验,从而吸引更多乘客。5.WhydidBARTstartthekioskprogram?A.Topromotethelocalculture.B.Todiscouragephoneuse.C.Tomeetpassengers’needs.D.Toreduceitsrunningcosts.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的提问“Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?”和第三段中AliciaTrost的描述可知,BART的小亭提供不同时长的短故事和诗歌,旨在满足乘客的阅读需求。6.Howarethestoriescategorizedinthekiosk?A.Bypopularity.

B.Bylength.C.Bytheme. D.Bylanguage.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段的“ittellsyoucangetaone-minute,athree-minute,orafive-minutestory”可知,乘客可以在小亭选择一分钟、三分钟或五分钟阅读时长的故事,由此表明故事是按照时长来分类的。7.WhathasTrostbeendoingrecently?A.Organizingastorycontest.B.Doingasurveyofcustomers.C.Choosingaprintpublisher.D.Conductinginterviewswithartists.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第五段的“WewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmitstoriesforacontest”和“we’vereceivedabout120submissions”可知,最近Trost一直在组织征文竞赛。8.WhatisTrost’sopinionaboutBART’sfuture?A.Itwillclosedown.B.Itsprofitswilldecline.C.Itwillexpandnationwide.D.Itsridershipwillincrease.答案D解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“SoIabsolutelythinkwewillgetmoreridersjustbecauseofshortstories”可推知,她坚信通过提供短故事可以改善乘客体验,从而吸引更多的乘客。文体3说明文03说明文通常是通过举例子、作比较、分类别、析结果、列数字和作引用等手段,具体描述一项研究或者介绍一项新产品、新技术的文章,旨在让读者了解信息。

考查要点方法技巧1.背景介绍或发明目的新发明的背景(含目的)多位于首段或前两段。答案信息一般来自本部分“inorderto,themarketisgrowingfor,todo,todiscover,totestout,tofindout,tosolvetheproblemof,sothat”等字眼后面的陈述,一般是对这些信息的同义转述。2.新发明介绍(新发明参数、性能、工作原理或特殊之处)新发明的介绍多位于中间段,考查与其工作原理、产品性能等相关的长难句。正确选项是对信息的同义转述,而干扰项多是含有文中某些原词,但是替换了关键信息,或张冠李戴或扩大缩小范围。此类题目需要学生谨慎、认真、有耐性,同时有分析长难句的能力。(一)新发明/新产品类考查要点方法技巧3.专家或科研人员评论(新发明的前景希望或实践意义)专家或团队领导的评价多位于结尾段。答案信息多来自“researchershope,expect,wish,inthefuture,apply,use”这些词之后的陈述。正确选项也多是这些陈述的同义转换。4.标题或文章出处文后第四题还经常考查文章的标题选择、文章出处或者是问题解决所反映的道理。这类题目的正确选项会高度概括文章的中心,或根据文章的中心判断其出处。干扰项通常含有文中的个别原词,但是会替换关键词,混淆学生视线;或扩大缩小指代范围;或只是提及文章某个方面,以偏概全。[典例](2022全国乙卷,C)Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.(提出问题:无人机可以应用到铁路领域吗?)Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.(给出答案28:无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。它们完全可以被用来做同样的事情来检查铁路线和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面)Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.(给出答案29:无人机的协助可以避免铁路维修过程中的危险)Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.(给出答案30:通过最新技术,无人机可以提前预警铁路危险状况,工程师们正在研究一个新概念:未来的铁路无人机)28.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.30.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways▶语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”技术,无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时,帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元,无人机将改变铁路的未来。▶语篇图解28.考查新产品性能。根据第二段中“Dronesarealreadybeingused...tracksandswitchingpoints.”可知,无人机现在已经用来检测高压电力线路,它们可以被用来做同样的事情来检查铁路线路以及铁路基础设施的其他重要方面。故选

项。

29.考查新产品性能。根据下文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropean...therailinfrastructure.”可知,maintenance指的是下文中的“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure”。故

项正确。

AC▶思路点拨30.考查新产品前景希望。根据最后一段中“Engineersarenowworkingon...wouldbeabletoreactintime.”可知,铁路无人机有望提前发出警报,使高速列车可以及时采取措施应对危险因素,避免事故发生。故

项正确。

31.考查标题归纳。根据第一段第一句“Canasmallgroupof...savebillionsofeuroseachyear?”和下文对无人机在铁路领域的应用的介绍以及对未来无人机的发展展望可知,在未来,无人机将会保证铁路的安全性和可靠性,或许会成为铁路安全的新未来。故

项适合作为本文的标题。

AD考查要点方法技巧1.研究背景2.研究内容、方法、结果3.研究意义、展望、升华主题1.研究背景多出现在第一段,引入话题。题型多为细节理解题,答案往往是同义转述。2.研究内容、方法和结果是说明的主体,介绍过程中经常运用数字、举例等说明方法。3.研究的意义和展望经常出现在文章最后,是文章的点睛所在。(二)研究报告类[典例](2023新课标Ⅱ卷,D)Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.(城市中很难接触到自然环境)Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.(城市中的原生态自然环境极为重要)Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.(研究的方法)Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.(研究的结果)Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.(研究的意义)Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”(突出保护自然生态的重要性)saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.32.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?A.Pocketparksarenowpopular.B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated.D.Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.33.Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers.B.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark.D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries.34.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.35.WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A.Languagestudy.B.Environmentalconservation.C.Publiceducation.D.Interculturalcommunication.▶语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。作者通过对一项新的研究结果及其过程的描述,向读者介绍了与大自然互动对人类健康的重要性,同时也指出要保护大自然。▶语篇图解32.考查研究背景。根据第一段中的“accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind”以及“it’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild”可知,在城市里很难接触大自然。故

项正确。

33.考查研究方法。根据第四段第一句话“Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategories...begantoemerge.”可知,研究人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故

项正确。

BD▶思路点拨34.考查研究的意义。根据第五段所举的例子“theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfying...afountainontheirlunchbreak”可知,年轻的职业人士周末可以在公园徒步旅行,在工作日可以沿着喷泉散步,用不同的形式去体验自然,即同样的与自然的互动体验会有不同的表现形式。故

项正确。

35.考查主题的升华。根据最后一段Kahn的话“Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit”可知,人们在与大自然互动以前需要保护自然,故

项正确。

CB课堂应用A(2024浙江1月卷,D)TheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Each