译林版2025年八年级英语下册 专题02 Unit1-4重点语法书面表达归纳

Unit1-4重点语法，书面表达归纳Unit1Pastandpresent现在完成时(Ⅰ)一．用法(1)现在完成时可用来表示过去已完成但对现在有一定影响的动作。—Let'ssee1921.我们看《1921》吧。—I'vealreadyseenit.我已经看过了。(2)现在完成时也可用来表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。MrZhanghaslivedheresince2006.张先生自从2006年就住在这里。二．基本句式基本句式结构例句肯定句主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.ThechildrenhavegonetoShanghai.孩子们都去上海了。否定句主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.Wehavenotseenherforlong.我们很久没见到她了。一般疑问句及其回答Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答:No,主语+haven't/hasn't.—HasshearrivedinBeijing?她已经到北京了吗?—Yes,shehas./No,shehasn't.是的,她已经到了。/不,她还没到。三．过去分词的变化规则变化规则例词规则动词的变化直接在词尾加-edwork→workedopen→opened以不发音的e结尾的词直接加-dlive→livedrealize→realized以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词,变y为i,再加-edstudy→studiedhurry→hurried以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-edstop→stoppedplan→planned【注意】不规则动词的变化请牢记课本上的不规则动词表。四．时间状语现在完成时常与already、yet、just、ever、never、recently等词以及for、since引导的时间状语连用。具体用法:单词用法例句already意为"已经",常用于肯定句中,放在句中或句末。Theseventh-gradetextbookinChinesemiddleschoolshasalreadyincludedOneDayinSpace,YangLiwei'sarticle.国内中学七年级课本已经收录了杨利伟的《太空一日》这篇文章。yet意为"还,仍",常用于否定句和疑问句句末。—HaveyouspokentoMrGreenyet?你已经和格林先生说了吗?—No.Hehasn'tcomeinyet.没。他还没有进来。just意为"刚刚",常用于肯定句中。IhavejustcomebackfromNanjing.我刚从南京回来。ever意为"曾经",常用于疑问句中。HaveyouevervisitedtheGreatWall?你曾参观过长城吗?never表示否定,意为"从未",用于否定句中。I'veneverheardofthatmanbefore.我以前从未听说过那个男士。recently意为"最近",可放在句首、句中或句末。Ihaven'tseenLiMingrecently.我最近没有见过李明。for后接一段时间。IhavebeeninChinaforsixyears.我来中国已经六年了。since意为"自……以来",表示从过去某个时间开始一直延续到现在。Ihaven'teatenanythingsincebreakfast.早饭以后我还没吃过东西呢。Ⅰ.根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空1.Theyhavefinished(finish)theirhomeworkbynow.

2.HowlonghasMrSmithtaught(teach)Englishsofar?

3.Johnhasplayed(play)thiscomputergamesafewtimes.

4.Ihaverepaired(repair)overtenbicyclessincelastMonday.

Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词1.你曾经去过香港吗?HaveyoueverbeentoHongKong?

2.我们已经几年没有见到雪了。Wehaven’tseensnowforafewyears.

3.他从昨天晚上开始就感觉不舒服。Hehasn’tfeltwellsincelastnight.

4.你最近收到家人的来信了吗?Haveyouheardfromyourfamilylately/recently?

二、用所给动词的适当形式填空

1.She’s________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.2.Bothof

them

___________

(be)

in

HongKong

for

ten

days.

3.MissWang__________(teach)usEnglishlastyear.4.

Half

an

hour

__________

(pass)

since

the

train

__________

(leave).

5.

Mary________(lose)

her

pen.

________

you

_______(see)

it

here

and

there?

6.

_________

you

_____

(find)

your

watch

yet?

7.

Are

you

thirsty?

No.

I

_________just

_________

(have)

some

orange.

8.

We

______

already

_________

(return)

the

book.

9.

________

they

_______

(build)

a

new

school

in

the

village?

10.

I

_____________(not

finish)

my

homework

.

Can

you

help

me?

11.

My

father

_____

(read)

the

novel

twice.

12.

I

_________

(buy)

a

book

just

now.

13.

I

_________

(lost

)

my

watch

yesterday.

14..Thetrain____________(arrive)inhalfanhour.15._________heever________(be)toBeijing?1.

lived

2.

have

been

3.

taught4.

has

passed;

left

5.

has

lost

;

have

seen

6.

Have

,

found

7.

have

,

had

8.

have

,

returned

9.

Have

,

built

10.

haven’t

finished

11.

has

read

12.

bought

13.

lost

14..willarrive15.Hasbeen写作本单元的话题是“家乡的变化”。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点:1.能熟练掌握现在完成时的用法;2.能简单介绍家乡过去的样子和现在的变化,可以从环境、住房、交通等方面描写;3.能熟练使用本单元的重点单词和短语。词汇积累since自……以来ever曾经realize意识到however然而before以前,过去recently近来,最近usedto曾经o...把……变成……insomeways在某种程度上fromtimetotime有时,偶尔inthepast在过去overtheyears多年来usedtodosth过去常常做某事takeplace发生moveaway搬走amoderntown一个现代化的城镇tallbuildings高楼freshair新鲜的空气greentreesonbothsides两边都是绿色的树木openspace开阔的空地liveacomfortablelife过着舒适的生活narrowanddirtyroad狭窄而脏乱的道路wideandcleanstreets宽阔干净的街道haveone’sowncar有自己的汽车makecommunicationeasier使交流变得更容易句型积累1.ThecityhaschangedalotsinceIlivedhere.自从我住在这里起,这座城市已经改变了很多。2.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.我的家乡发生了很大的变化。3.Heusedtobeateacher,butnowheisn’t.他过去曾经是一名老师,但现在不是。4.Buttheyhavetheirownproductionfactory.但是他们拥有自己的生产工厂。5.Inthepast,therewereonlysingle-deckerbuses.在过去,只有单层公共汽车。6.Theoldladyenjoysaquietlifewithherfamily.那个老太太和她的家人过着宁静的生活。近几年,在党和国家的惠民政策帮助下,全国都在落实精准扶贫。你的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。请以“Greatchangesinmyhometown”为题写一篇文章,内容包括以下要点,可适当发挥。1.人们的生活条件有了很大改善。高楼随处可见。农村的孩子也有了更好的教育。2.生活环境也得到了改善。天更蓝了,水更清了,路更宽了,树更绿了。3.交通变得更方便。家乡有了飞机场、高速公路、高铁站、火车站等。4.每年都有许多国内外游客来家乡参观。要求:1.字迹工整,书写规范;2.词数80左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数);3.文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。GreatchangesinmyhometownInrecentyears,withthehelpoffavourablepoliciesofourcountry,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.Thepeople’slivingconditionshaveimprovedalot.Wecanseetallbuildingshereandthere.Thechildreninthecountrysidecanalsoreceivegoodeducation.Thelivingenvironmenthasalsoimproved.Theskyisbluerandthewaterisclearer.Theroadsarewiderandthetreesturngreener.What’smore,thetrafficbecomesmoreconvenientbecausethereisanairport,ahigh-speedrailstation,superhighways,railwaystationsandsoon.Itattractsmanytouristsfromhomeandabroadeveryyear.

Ibelievethatmyhometownwillbecomemoreandmorebeautifulinthefuture.

家乡近年来的快速发展带来了许多新鲜事物,也带走了许多回忆。请你以"Greatchangesinmyhometown"为题写一篇英语短文,介绍你家乡近年来的变化。要点:1.家乡过去是什么样?2.家乡现在是什么样?3.你对这些变化的感受是什么?要求:1.文中不得出现自己的真实姓名和学校名称;2.不少于80词,开头已给出,不计入总数。GreatchangesinmyhometownMyhometownhaschangedalotinrecentyears.

GreatchangesinmyhometownMyhometownhaschangedalotinrecentyears.Inthepast,therewerenotsomanytallbuildingsinthecity,andthebuildingswereold.Butnowmanynewandtallbuildingshaveappearedinthecity.Inmymemory,therewereonlysomesmallparksinthecity.Butnowtherearemanydifferentkindsofbeautifulparksinthecity.Theroadsinmyhometownwerenarrowinthepast,butnowtherearemanyoverpassbridgesandsubways.

Iamproudofthechangesinmyhometown,andIhopeitwillbebetterandbetter.Unit2Travelling现在完成时(Ⅱ)一．have/hasbeen和have/hasgone的用法(1)have/hasbeen表示某人曾经去过某地,并且已经回来。常与ever、never、once、twice、threetimes等连用,但不能与时间段连用。MrWanghasbeentoXizangthreetimes.王先生去过西藏三次。(2)have/hasgone表示某人已经去了某地,但还没回来。MrZhanghasgonetoShanghai.张先生已经去上海了。"have/hasbeenin+地点名词"常与表示一段时间的状语连用,表示某人已在某地停留一段时间,现在仍在那里。IhavebeeninAmericafortwoyears.我到美国已有两年了。二．for和since的用法三．延续性动词和非延续性动词延续性动词表示的动作可以持续,能够与表示一段时间的状语连用。非延续性动词又称为瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示的动作不能持续,在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。当现在完成时的时间状语是一段时间时,句中的谓语动词不能用非延续性动词,这时,可把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。常见的非延续性动词变为延续性动词的有:非延续性动词延续性动词现在完成时构成buyhavehave/hashadborrowkeephave/haskeptbecomebehave/hasbeendiebedeadhave/hasbeendeadleavebeawayhave/hasbeenawaybegin/startbeonhave/hasbeenonfinish/stopbeoverhave/hasbeenoverjoinbein/beamemberofhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenamemberofmarrybemarriedhave/hasbeenmarriedcatchacoldhaveacoldhave/hashadacoldopenbeopenhave/hasbeenopenclosebeclosedhave/hasbeenclosedfallillbeillhave/hasbeenillfallasleepbeasleephave/hasbeenasleepⅠ.用have/hasgone或have/hasbeen完成句子1.MyfatherhasgonetoBeijing.Hewillbebackintwodays.2.TheGreenshavebeentotheUSAtwice.

3.—Whereareyourparentsnow?Ihaven’tseenthemforalongtime.—TheyhavegonetoXiamen.

4.Milliehasbeentomanyplacesofinterestinourcity.

Ⅱ.同义句转换,每空一词1.Theygotmarriedthreeyearsago.Theyhavebeenmarriedforthreeyears.

2.Iborrowedthatbooklastweek.Ihavekeptthatbooksincelastweek.

3.Simonfellilllastmonth.Simonhasbeenillsincelastmonth.

4.ShejoinedtheReadingClublastterm.ShehasbeenintheReadingClubsincelastterm.

写作写作要求本单元的话题是“旅行”。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点:1.能正确运用现在完成时表达旅行的状态和过程;2.能根据提示描述一次难忘的旅行,正确表达旅行中的细节;3.能准确使用本单元的新单词和句型。词汇积累interesting有趣的exciting令人兴奋的nice美好的duringthewinterholiday在寒假期间leaveforsp出发去某地themostfamousthemepark最著名的主题公园watchthefireworks观看烟火watchdolphinshow观看海豚表演gofishingbythelake在湖边钓鱼flykites放风筝takephotos拍照visitmuseums参观博物馆takeadirectflightto...乘直达飞机去……buypresentsforrelatives为亲戚买礼物goshopping去购物deliciousseafood美味的海鲜enjoythetrip享受旅程havebeentheretwice已经去过那里两次句型积累1.IttookustwoandahalfhourstoflytoHongKong.我们花了两个半小时坐飞机到香港。2.Thenextday,wewenttotheJinjiLakeinSuzhoubytaxi.第二天,我们乘出租车去了苏州金鸡湖。3.IlovedvisitingChineseclassicalgardens,becausetheyarebeautiful.我喜欢参观中国古典园林,因为它们很美。4.Climbingthehillisthebestpartofthetour.旅行中最好的一部分是爬山。5.Weenjoyedourselvesandwillneverforgetthisexcitingtrip.我们玩得很开心,而且永远忘不了这次令人兴奋的旅行。假如你是李华,去年夏天,你和家人去了海南岛,那里风景优美,气候宜人。你在海滩上漫步、嬉戏,在海里游泳、冲浪,玩得非常开心。请你用英语描述一下自己在海南岛的这次旅游经历。要求:1.词数80左右;2.不可逐句翻译,可适当发挥。MyvisittoHainanIslandDuringlastsummervacation,IwenttoHainanIslandwithmyfamily.Theweatherwasperfect.Theskywasblueandclean,andtheseawasblueandbright.Walkingbytheseaisjustlikebeinginabeautifulpicture.Swimmingintheseaisquitedifferentfromthatinapool,becausethedepthisvariousallthetime.Maybethewatercan’taffordyouthisminute,andthenitwillflowoveryourhead.Surfingintheseaisalsointeresting.Weenjoyedourselvesthere.I’malwayshopingtogothereagainsomeday.

旅行是一件让人放松和快乐的事。假如你是李华,经常会和家人一起旅游,去了解不同地方的风土人情。请你用英语写一篇短文向校英文报投稿。注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。AsfarasI'mconcerned,travellingisagoodwaytorelax.LastMayDay,myparentsandIwenttoBeijingforaholiday.Ittookustwohourstogettherebyplane.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.Ithasalotofplacesofinterest,suchasthePalaceMuseum,theSummerPalaceandtheGreatWall.Weenjoyedthebeautifulviewsthereandcouldn'tstoptakingphotos.Westayedtherefortwodays.Wewereverytiredafterthetrip,butwewereveryexcited.Wehopetovisititagaininthenearfuture.

Unit3Onlinetours现在完成时(Ⅲ)一般过去时和现在完成时的区别一．用法不同时态用法例句一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态,说话的侧重点在陈述过去发生的事情或状态。Mymotherwasadoctorfiveyearsago.我妈妈五年前是名医生。(五年前是医生,与现在无关)现在完成时表示到说话时为止已经发生或完成(不一定结束)的动作或状态,强调造成的结果或对现在产生的影响。Mymotherhasbeenadoctorforfiveyears.我妈妈当医生五年了。(从五年前到现在一直是医生)二．时间状语不同时态时间状语例句一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday、thedaybeforeyesterday、lastweek(night,month,year)、theotherday、in2018、justnow、attheageof10、twoyearsago等。IdidnothelphimwithhisEnglishlastweek.上周我没有帮助他学英语。现在完成时通常和频度副词或表示一段时间的状语连用。如:already、yet、just、never、ever、before、recently、sofar、in/during/overthepasttwoyears、forfivedays、sincelastyear等。Ourschoollifehaschangedalotsince2022.我们的学校生活自2022年以来发生了很大变化。Ⅰ.根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空1.—IsTomdoinghishomework?—No,hehasfinished(finish)hishomeworkalready.

2.—DoyouknowMissKing?—No,butI(have)heard(hear)ofherbefore.

3.—Whataboutthefilm?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.Ihaven’tseen(see)ityet.

4.—Haveyoueverbeen(be)toPeople’sPark?

—No,never.5.—Howdoeshegetonwithhisclassmates?—Oh,hehaschanged(change)alotthesedays.

Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词1.迈克自从2004年就有了这部手机。他开始工作的时候买的。Mikehashadthisphonesince2004.Heboughtitwhenhestartedtowork.

2.我们有六年没见面了。我们两个都在2012年离开了这个工厂。Wehaven’tmeteachotherforsixyears.Bothofusleftthefactoryin2012.

3.我已经看过这部电影了。我上周看的。Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.Isawitlastweek.

4.很多年前上海是一个小镇。现在它已经变成了一座大城市。Shanghaiwasasmalltownmanyyearsago.Nowithasbecomealargecity.

5.自从1993年搬到这里,我就开始在这里工作了。IhaveworkedheresinceImovedherein1993.

写作本单元的话题是“介绍国家”。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点:1.能从地理、历史、天气、货币等方面介绍一个国家;2.能正确区分一般过去时和现在完成时;3.能熟练使用本单元的单词、短语和句型。词汇积累rainy多雨的sunny有阳光的pound英镑dollar美元RMB人民币onthenorth-eastcoastof在……的东北海岸thelargestcity最大的城市anislandcountry一个岛国bemadeupof由……构成befamousfor因……而著名alonghistory一段很长的历史behomeof是……的家园beautifulandmodern美丽而又现代化的thecapitalcity首都城市suchas...例如……wetandcold又湿又冷thebesttimetovisit游览的最好时间句型积累1.Sydneyisonthenorth-eastcoastofAustralia.悉尼位于澳大利亚东北海岸。2.Theoldcityhasalonghistory.这座古老的城市有很长的历史。3.ThebesttimetovisittheUKisfromMaytoSeptemberbecausethewinteriswetandcoldthere.参观英国最好的时间是从5月到9月,因为那里的冬天又湿又冷。4.Theweatherchangesoftenthere.那里的天气经常变化。5.Ithasalwaysbeenfamousforitsdeliciousfood.它因美食而著名。根据提示,将以下句子连成一篇英语短文。1.澳大利亚是一个岛国。它是大洋洲最大的国家,位于太平洋的南端。(islandcountry;Oceania;southcoast)2.它一直以来因野生动物而著名,比如袋鼠和考拉。考拉是澳大利亚的珍稀动物。(befamousfor;suchas)3.它的首都堪培拉是一个美丽而又现代化的城市。(Canberra;capital;beautifulandmodern)4.悉尼是澳大利亚最大的城市。这里有许多名胜,其中悉尼歌剧院闻名于世。第27届夏季奥运会就是2000年在悉尼举行的。(Sydney;placeofinterest;OperaHouse;OlympicGames)Australiaisanislandcountry.ItisthelargestcountryinOceania,anditliesonthesouthcoastofthePacific.

Ithasalwaysbeenfamousforthewildanimals,suchaskangaroosandkoalas.KoalasareAustralia’suniqueanimals.

Canberra,thecapitalofAustralia,isabeautifulandmoderncity.SydneyisthebiggestcityinAustralia,whichhasmanyplacesofinterest.TheOperaHouseiswell-knownallovertheworld.The27thSummerOlympicGameswereheldinSydneyin2000.假设你在某网页上浏览了红色旅游地——长沙,请根据以下要点,写一篇不少于80词的英语短文,介绍一下你的长沙在线之旅。参考词汇:obsess使痴迷;patriotism爱国主义;revolutionarymartyrs革命烈士TodayItookatourofChangshaonthewebsite.

TodayItookatourofChangshaonthewebsite.ChangshaistheprovincialcapitalofHunan,whichisfamousforitswonderfulcultureandnaturalbeauty.TherearemanyplacesofinterestinChangsha.VisitorswillsurelybeobsessedwiththebeautyofYueluMountainandOrangeIsle.YueluMountainisnotonlythebaseofresearchonChangsharedculture,butalsotheplacewhererevolutionarymartyrswerelaidtorest.AndvisitorswillalsobeinterestedinHunanMuseum.

What'smore,Changshaisalsofamousforitsvarioussnacks,suchasstinkytofuandspicycrayfish.

Changshaisacitywithalonghistoryandrichculture.I'msureyouwillenjoyyourselveshere.Unit4Agoodread疑问词+动词不定式动词不定式常与疑问代词what、which、who和疑问副词how、when、where等连用,构成"疑问词+动词不定式"结构,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语等多种句子成分。Whentohavethepartyhasnotbeendecided.什么时候举行聚会还没有决定。(作主语)Thequestionishowtogetthereinsuchashorttime.问题是如何在如此短的时间内到达那儿。(作表语)TherestauranthassomanydishesthatIcan'tdecidewhichtoeat.这个饭店有如此多的菜品以至于我不能决定吃哪道菜。(作宾语)(1)常和"疑问词+动词不定式"结构连用的动词及短语有:know、see、hear、ask、learn、decide、tell、advise、explain、forget、remember、think、understand、wonder、findout等。Hedoesn'tknowwheretogothiswintervacation.他不知道这个寒假去哪里。(2)"疑问词+动词不定式"结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句,从而把简单句改为复合句,其意义不变。Tonydoesn'tknowwhattodo.=Tonydoesn'tknowwhatheshoulddo.托尼不知道他应该做什么。所有疑问词中,只有why不能与动词不定式连用must和haveto的用法(1)must表示主观的义务和必要,意为"必须,得,要";haveto表示一种客观的需要,意为"不得不"。Allpassengersmustwearseatbelts.所有乘客都必须系安全带。Mybikewasbrokenyesterday,soIhadtowalktoschool.昨天我的自行车坏了,所以我不得不走路上学。(2)must没有人称、数和时态的变化,后接动词原形;haveto有人称、数和时态的变化。Imustgonow.我现在必须走了。Theoldmanhastolivealonebecausehissonworksinanothercity.那位老人不得不独自生活,因为他的儿子在另一个城市工作。(3)在否定句中,mustn't表示禁止,意为"不许,不能";don't/doesn't/didn'thaveto意为"不必,无须",相当于needn't。Youmustn'ttellhimaboutit.你不能告诉他这件事。Wedon'thaveto/needn'tgotoschoolonSundays.周日我们不必去上学。(4)回答含有must的一般疑问句时,其肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't或don'thaveto;回答含有haveto的一般疑问句时,要用do的适当形式。—MustIleavenow?我现在必须离开吗?—Yes,youmust./No,youdon'thaveto/needn't.是的,你必须(离开)。/不,你不必。—DoesJackhavetostayathomeonSunday?杰克星期天必须待在家里吗?—Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.是的,他必须(待在家里)。/不,他不必(待在家里)。写作本单元的话题是“阅读”。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点:1.能熟悉有关阅读习惯的话题,写一篇有关阅读习惯的文章;2.能准确使用“疑问词+不定式”的结构;3.能准确运用一些连词,进行有条理的叙述,提高自己的写作水平。词汇积累advice建议renew续借librarian图书管理员opposite在……对面readinghabit阅读习惯returnbooksontime按时还书enjoyreadingthebooksofsb喜欢阅读某人的书beinterestedin对……感兴趣novelsandsciencefictions小说和科幻小说lovereading喜欢阅读discusswhattoread讨论阅读什么orderbooksonline网上订书getknowledgefromreading从阅读中获得知识openupawholenewworld打开一个全新的世界句型积累1.It’salwayswonderfulwhenyouread.阅读的时候总是很棒的。2.Ispendoverfivehoursaweekreading.我每周花超过五个小时阅读。3.ThefourgreatclassicalChinesenovelsaremyfavourite.中国的四大名著是我最喜欢的书。4.IlovereadingbecauseIcangetalotofknowledgefromit.我喜欢阅读,因为我可以从中获得很多知识。5.Theyalsoopenupawholenewworldtome.它们也给我打开了一个全新的世界。6.Youdon’thavetocometoourdeskeverytime.Justrenewthemonline.你不必每次都来我们的服务台办理。在线续借即可。7.Weoftenmeettogetheranddecidewhattoread.我们经常聚在一起,讨论读什么。8.Afterreadingthebook,IamnotasshyasIusedtobeandIamwillingtotrynewthings.读过这本书之后,我不再像以前一样害羞了,而且我愿意去尝试新事物了。目前中学生学习任务重,学习压力大。而广泛的阅读有利于开阔视野,调节身心。你喜欢阅读吗?你喜欢阅读什么样的书呢?作为中学生的你,是如何看待阅读的?请就这个话题,写一篇英文短文,谈谈你的想法和理由,可适当给出建议。注意:1.词数80左右;2.文中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名;3.要求条理清楚、语意连贯、字迹工整,可适当发挥。