人教版2025年八年级英语下册 Unit 1 Whats the matter？【单元知识清单】

Unit1What’sthematter？Unit1话题“健康和急救”词汇1.foot（名词）脚→（复数）2.(1)lie(动词)平躺，躺→(过去式)→(过去分词)→(现在分词)(2)lie(动词)说谎→(过去式)→(过去分词)→(现在分词)(3)lay(动词)放置，下蛋→(过去式)→(过去分词)→(现在分词)3.tooth（名词）牙齿→（复数）→（名词）牙痛4.press（动词）按，压→（名词）压力5.breathe（动词）呼吸→（名词）呼吸6.climb（动词）攀登→（名词）攀登者7.knife（名词）刀→（复数）8.mean（动词）意思是，打算→（过去式）→（过去分词）→（名词）意思，意义→（形容词）有意义的→（反义词）毫无意义的9.importance（名词）重要性→（形容词）重要的10.decision（名词）决定→（动词）决定短语1.____________________感冒／发烧／咳嗽2.________________________胃痛／牙痛／头痛3.___________________________喉咙痛／背痛4.__________________________割到自己 5._____________________躺下休息6.____________________喝足够的水7._____________________拍X光片 8._____________________量某人的体温 9._____________________看牙医／看医生 10._______________下车 11._____________________有心脏病12.___________________出乎某人的意料 13.___________________立刻14.____________________陷人麻烦 15._____________________绑上绷带 16._________________感到不舒服 17.___________________流鼻血 18.____________________摔倒 19.____________________晒伤 20._____________________冒险21.___________________失去性命 22.___________________用 23.__________________使用某物去做某事24._____________________切除 25.____________以便于；为了26.______________________离开；从·····出来 27._____________________做决定句型1.Ben怎么了？--他受伤了，他背痛。What’sthematterwithBen?--Hehurthimself.Hehasasoreback.2.他应该做什么？--他应该躺下休息Whatshouldhedo?Heshouldliedownandrest3.他下车询问那位女士发生了什么。Hegotoffandaskedthewomanwhathappened.4.令他惊讶的是，他们都同意和他一起去。Tohissurprise,theyallagreedtogowithhim.5.ThankstoMr.Wangandthepassengersthemanwassavedbythedoctorsintime.多亏了王先生和乘客们，这个人才能及时被医生拯救过来。6.但是这位司机并没有考虑他自己。Butthebusdriverdidn’tthinkabouthimself.7.作为一名登山运动员，Aron习惯了冒险。Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.8.DowehavethesamespiritasAron?我们有和阿伦同样的精神/勇气吗？语法1.询问身体部位状况的表达2.情态动词should的用法3.反身代词写作描述某人存在的健康问题及给出合理建议考点1.“(某人/某物)怎么了？”句型(1)What’sthematter/trouble(withsb./sth.)?=What’swrong(withsb./sth.)?What’sthematter?意为＂怎么了?＂，常用来询问身体不适、疾病等健康方面的问题；也可用来询问有什么麻烦或出了什么事。常与with连用，后可跟sb/sth，意为＂某人或某物怎么了？＂。(2)对于“What'sthematter(withsb.)？”的答语常用“have＋a＋表示疾病或病痛的名词”回答：(3)得知某人生病或住院后，常用“I'msorrytohearthat.”来回答。【经典练】1．—Ihavea________.WhatshouldIdo?—YoushouldseeadentistandgetanX-ray.A．cold B．headache C．toothache2．—What’s________matterwithyourmother?—Shehas________badcold.A．a;a B．an;an C．the;a D．the;the考点2.enough足够的;充足的[教材原句]Shetalkedtoomuchyesterdayanddidn'tdrinkenoughwater.昨天她说话太多,又没喝足够的水。(教材第1页,1c)【用法详解】enough[形容词]足够的;充足的。修饰名词时,常放在名词前。timeenough(足够的时间)虽然有点儿过时,但仍常用。You'llhaveenoughtime/timeenoughtorelax.你将有足够的时间休息。[副词]足够地;充分地可修饰形容词或副词,且要放于其后。It'swarmenoughintheroom.房间里够暖和了Herunsquicklyenough.他跑得足够快。[代词]足够,充分,充足可作主语或宾语。Didyouhaveenoughyesterday?昨天你吃饱了吗?【拓展】“...enough(for+名词/代词+)todosth.”意为“(某人/某物)足够,能做某事”,可与so...that...(如此以至于)进行同义句转换。Theboxislightenoughfortheboytocarry=Theboxissolightthattheboycancarryit.这个箱子足够轻,这个男孩能搬动。【经典练】1．—CanVince’steamfinishthework________?—Ithinktheycaniftheyhave________.A．goodenough;enoughtime B．wellenough;enoughtimeC．enoughgood;timeenough D．enoughwell;timeenough2．Itwas________forustosolvethephysicsproblem.Fewofuscouldevenunderstandit.A．easyenough B．enougheasy C．enoughdifficult D．difficultenough考点3.liedown躺下[教材原句]liedownandrest躺下休息(教材第2页,2b)【用法详解】lie的各种含义liev.躺，位于，平放lay—lain—lyingYoushouldliedown.你应该躺下。Hisschoolliesinthenorthofthecity.他的学校位于城北。liev.说谎lied—lied—lyingHeoftenlies.他经常说谎。lie(lay,laim,lying)[不及物动词]躺;平躺liedown躺下Don'tlieinthesunfortoolong.在阳光下躺太长时间Hefoundadoglyingatthedoor.他发现一只狗趴在门口。Justliedownonthebed.你就躺在床上吧(lay,lain,lying)[不及物动词]位于;存在,处于QingdaoliesintheeastofShandong.青岛位于山东东部。(lied,lied,lying)[不及物动词]撒谎;说谈lietosb.对某人说谎Youarelyingtome.你在对我说谎[可数名词]谎言;假话tellalie/telllies说谎Iknowhetoldaliejustnow.我知道他刚才撒了谎【拓展】lay(laid,laid,laying)[动词]产(卵);下蛋放置;安放Thehenstoppedlayingeggs.这只母鸡不下蛋了Shelaidtheplatesdowngentlyonthetable.她把盘子轻轻地放在桌子上。lie撒谎lie-lied-lied-lying躺;存在lie-lay-lain-lyinglay

放置下蛋laid-laid-laying【经典练】1．WhenAnniegothome,she________thebagsonthetablequicklyandthen________downonthesofatohavearest.A．lay;laid B．laid;lie C．laid;lay D．lay;lie2．Assoonashegothome,he________hisbackpackonthefloorand________downonthesofa.A．willlay,lie B．lied,laid C．laid,lay D．laid,lied考点4.need[教材原句]Youneedtotakebreaksawayfromthecomputer.你需要离开电脑休息。(材第2页,2d)【用法详解】(1)need[实义动词]需要a.needsth.需要某物Sheneedsagoodrest,她需要好好休息。b.needtodosth.需要做某事DoIneedtotakemytemperature?我需要量体温吗?c.needdoing(=ncedtobedone)需要被做(表示被动意义,主语常为物)Theroomneedscleaning/tobecleaned.这个房间需要打扫。（2）[情态动词]需要无人称和数的变化,其后接动词原形,通常用于疑问句或否定句。NeedIfinishtheworktoday?我需要今天完成这项工作吗?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.是的,你必须(完成)。/不,你不必(完成)。Thereisenoughtime.Youneedn'tworry.有足够的时间。你不必担忧。)（3）[名词]需要;特别需要,迫切要求needfor...对的需要/需求beinneedof...需要There'sagrowingneedfornewhousesinmanyareas,许多地区对新房的需求不断增长。I'minneedofsomefreshair.我很想呼吸一点新鲜空气。短语：takebreaks休息与take/haveabreak或take/havearest同义。break此处用作可数名词,意为“间歌;休息”。短语：awayfrom离开;远离【经典练】1．You________thepartythiseveningifyouhavesomethingelsetodo.A．don’tneedcomeB．needtocome C．needn’tcome D．needcome2．Chrisisn’ttired,sohe________havearest.A．notneed B．doesn’tneed C．doesn’tneedto D．notneedto3．—NeedIcleanthefloornow,Mr.Green?—No,you________.Wecancleanittogetheraftertheparty.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t考点5.If[教材原句]Ifyourheadandneckstillhurttomorrow,thengotoadoctor.如果明天你的头和脖子还痛的话,就去看医生。(教材第2页,2d)【用法详解】if[连词]如果;假如引导条件状语从句。在含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句是祈使句、主句谓语含有情态动词或主句用一般将来时,if从句应用一般现在时表将来。Ifyouhaveasorethroat,drinkmorewaterwithhoney.你如果喉咙痛,多喝加蜂蜜的水。Ifyouhaveatoothache,youshouldgotothedentist.你如果牙痛,应该去看牙医。(2)hurt(hurt,hurt)[不及物动词]疼痛主语通常为疼痛的具体部位。MyfeethurtwhenIwalk.我走路时脚痛[及物动词]使疼痛,使受伤主要指碰撞、打击等造成的肉体伤害,也申为精神上或情感上的“伤害”。 【经典练】1．I’mnotsureifit________tomorrow.Ifit________,wewon’tclimbtheSouthHill.A．willsnow;snows B．willsnow;willsnow C．snows;snows2．—Whatwillyoudotomorrow?—I________onapicnicifitdoesn’train.A．willgo B．go C．wouldgo D．going考点6.seesb.doing[教材原句]At9:00a.m.yesterday,busNo.26wasgoiralongZhonghuaRoadwhenthedriversawanomanlyingonthesideoftheroad.昨天上午9点26路公交车正行驶在中华路上,这时司机看到一位老人躺在路边。(教材第3页,3a)【用法详解】过去进行时此处wasgoing为过去进行时经构。过去进行时由“was/were+动词-ing形式”成,表示过去某个时间正在发生或进行的动作Hewaswritingareportat8:00a.m.yesterday昨天上午8点他正在写报告。Mybrotherwaslyinginthesofawhenmyfathercameback.我爸爸回来时,我弟弟正躺在沙发seesb.dosth.看见某人做了某事.强调看见动作发生的整个过程或看见动作经常发生seesb.doing看见某人正在做某事。强调看见某个动作正在进行Wesawhimcrossingtheroad我们看见他正在过马路。Wesawhimcrosstheroad.我们看见他过了马路。类似see这种用法的动词,常见的还有watch,hear,notice等,其后都可以跟dosth.或doingsth.作宾语补足语。【经典练】1．Bobworksveryhard.Ioftenseehim________Englishinthelibrary.A．reads B．toread C．read2．Insummer,wecanoftenseemanypeople________inthesea.A．swim B．swimming C．swims考点7.thinktwice[教材原句]Thebusdriver,24-year-oldWangPing,stoppedthebuswithoutthinkingtwice.公交车司机,24岁的王平,没有多想便停下了车。(教材第3页,3a)【用法详解】复合形容词24-year-old是复合形容词,意为“24岁的”。这种复合形容词有两个特点:一是数词、名词、形容词之间要用连字符连接,二是数词后的名词须用单数形式Theeight-year-oldboyhurthiskneewhenplaying那个8岁的男孩在玩耍时伤到膝盖了。这种复合形容词只能作定语,不作表语。作表语时,用“数词+year(s)+old"Tomis10yearsold.汤姆10岁了。thinktwice慎重考虑,再三考虑Youshouldthinktwicebeforemakingadecision.做决定前你应该慎重考虑。【经典练】1．Justasthesayinggoes,“Thinktwice________youact.”A．since B．while C．after D．before2．Thinktwicebeforemakingadecision,________youmayregretinthefuture.A．so B．or C．and D．but考点8.getoff意为＂下车＂[教材原句]Hegotoffandaskedthewomanwhathappened.他下车问那位妇女发生了什么事。getoff意为＂下车＂，其反义短语为geton＂上车＂。☞Excuseme,Ihavetogetoffatthenextstop.劳驾，我必须在下一站下车。☞HegotoffatGuangmingRoad.他在光明路下车了。☞Don’tgetontheNo.8bus.不要上8路公交车【归纳拓展】常见get构成的短语：【经典练】1．—HowcanIgettothenearestbank?—TaketheNo.11busand________atthethirdstop.A．getinto B．geton C．getoff D．getoutof2．Weshouldtakecareofourbelongingswhentakingthetrain,especiallywhenwegetonand________thetrain.A．getup B．getinto C．getoutof D．getoff考点9.expect[教材原句]Heexpectedmostorallofthepassengerstogetoffandwaitforthenextbus.他预料大部分或全部乘客会下车等下一辆公交车。(教材第3页,3a)【用法详解】expectsb.todosth,预料/期待某人做某事Iexpecthimtobuymeapresent.我期待他给我买件礼物。【拓展】expecttodosth.预料/期待做某事Iexpecttobebackwithinaweek.我预计一周之内回来。expect+that从句预料waitfor等待意wait是不及物动词,后面不能直接等待某人/某物做某事跟宾语。--waitforsb./sth.todosth.，Heiswaitingforme.他正等着我。I'mwaitingforthedentisttocome.我正在等待牙医的到来。【经典练】1．—Whatdoyouexpect________fromthisfamousbook?—MaybeIcanlearnsomeinterestingstoriesaboutgreatpeople.A．towatch B．tolearn C．totalk D．towrite2．—Ihope________theexamtogetafurthereducation.—Me,too.Myparentsexpectme________hardandgetintoacollege.A．passing;studyingB．topass;studyingC．passing;tostudy D．topass;tostudy考点10.toone'ssurprise[教材原句]Buttohissurprise,theyallagreedtogowithhim.但令他惊讶的是,他们都同意和他一起去。(教材第3页,3a)【用法详解】(1)toone'ssurprise使某人惊讶的是;出乎某人的意料是“toone's+表示感情色彩的名词"结构,通常用作插人语,放在句首,其后用逗号与其他部分隔开。Tohissurprise,shewonfirstprize令他惊讶的是,她获得了一等奖。“toone's+表示感情色彩的名词”意为“令/使某人的是”,这一结构的短语:还有:toone'sjoy令/使某人高兴的是toone'sdisappointment令/使某人失望的是toone'ssatisfaction令/使某人满意的是[拓展]getasurprise吃惊insurprise惊讶地;惊奇地Theygotasurprisewhentheysawasnakesleepingnearthefire.当看到一条蛇睡在火堆旁边时他们很吃惊。agreetodosth.同意做某事Sheagreedtogoshoppingwithme.她同意和我一起去购物。【拓展】agree.withsb.同意某人(的意见或观点等)Iagreewithhim.我同意他的看法。agreeto+建议/计划/安排同意某建议/计划/安排He'llagreetotheirplans.他将同意他们的计划。agreeonsth.就某事达成一致Cantheyagreeontheprice?他们能就价格达成一致吗?【经典练】1．To________surprise,Patrickdidn’tagreewithme.A．my B．his C．myself2．To________surprise,allthepassengersagreed________withhim.A．he;go B．his;togo C．him;going D．him;go3．—Bettyjumpedup________whensheheardtheterriblenews.—Iwasshocked,too.That’stoobad.A．insilence B．indanger C．insurprise考点11.trouble[教材原句]Happinessliesfirstofallinhealth,It'ssadthatmanypeopledon'twanttohelpothersbecausetheydon'twantanytrouble..因为不想惹麻烦,许多人不想帮助别人,这是令人寒心的(教材第3页,3a)【用法详解】(1)Itis/was+形容词+that从句.某事是It'sbadthatmysonhasahighfever.我儿子发高烧,真是太糟了。(2)trouble[不可数名词]苦恼;麻烦常用短语有:(be)introuble处于困境中getintotrouble陷人困境,造成麻烦havetrouble(in)doingsth.=haveproblems(in)doingsth.做某事有困难What'sthetroublewithyou?你出什么事了?Yetmorethan700millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavetroublegettingclean,safewater.但是世界上有超过7亿的人在获取干净、安全的水方面有困难。【经典练】1．Pleasecalluswhenyouare________.A．introuble B．inhelp C．gettrouble D．inhope2．—Ihavetrouble________English,MissLin.—WhynotgototheEnglishcornerandtrytotalkwithothers?A．reading B．speaking C．writing考点12.hit[教材原句]BusNo.26hitanoldmanonZhonghuaRoad26路公交车在中华路上撞了一位老人。(教材第3页,3b)【用法详解】hit(hit,hit)[及物动词]碰撞;撞击;(用手或器具)击;打;击中,命中Thebushitthebridge.公共汽车撞到了桥上Shehitmeontheheadwithabook.她用书打了我的头。Theballhitthewindow.那个球击中了窗户。当表示“打某人某个部位”时常有两种结构:hitsb.inthe+身体较软或凹陷的部位(face/eye/mouth/stomach/...)打在某人的(脸/眼睛/嘴/肚子/)上hitsb.onthe+身体较硬或凸出的部位(head/nose/back/...)打在某人的(头鼻子/后背/)上(hit,hit)[动词]打击;袭击Shehitsathim.她朝他打去。Thevillagehasbeenhitbyadrought.那个村庄遭受了干旱。[名词]打;打击;成功;红极一时的人或事物Shebecameahitatthattime.她成了那时轰动一时的人物。【经典练】1．Theselittlewind-bellshit________eachother,givingoffasweetsound.Itmakesmethinkofmylovelychildhood.A．off B．against C．through D．upon考点13.getto[教材原句]Theoldmangottothehospitalintime.那位老人及时到达了医院。(教材第3页,3b)辨析:getto,arrive与reach三者都表示“到达”,其区别为:getto其后接地点名词;接表示地点的副词home,here,there时,须省略介词to相当于及物动词的用法arrive不及物动词可直接跟地点副词;加上介词at/in后才能接地点名词(大城市或国家等大地点前用in,乡村或车站等小地点前用at)reach及物动词其后可直接跟地点名词或代词WhattimeshallwegettoBeijing?我们几点到北京?Igethomeat7:00p.m.everyday.我每天晚上七点到家。WearrivedinLondonlastweek.我们上周到达了伦敦。Thedoctorarrivedatthevillageatlast.医生终于到达了那个村子。IreachedBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday.我前天到了北京。【经典练】1．Mydadisinbad________.________enoughexercise,heplans________everymorning.A．health;Toget;jogging B．diet;Getting;tojogC．lifestyle;Get;jogging D．health;Toget;tojog考点14.falldown摔倒;跌倒;倒塌[教材原句]Didyoufalldown?你摔倒了吗?(教材第4页,4c)【用法详解】falldown摔倒;跌倒;倒塌falldownfrom=falloff从上掉/摔下来Whenthelittlegirlranacrossthestreet,shefelldown.那个小女孩跑过街道时摔倒了。Hefelldownfromhisbikeyesterday.=Hefelloffhisbikeyesterday.昨天他从自行车上摔了下来。Idon'tthinkthetowerwillfalldown.我认为这座塔不会倒塌。【拓展】fall的其他常见短语:fallbehind落后,跟不上fallinlovewith爱上fallinto落人fallasleep人睡fallover跌倒【经典练】1．—Thebuildingisverydangerous.—You’reright.Itlooksasifit’sgoingto________.A．turndown B．cutdown C．falldown D．liedown2．——Tony,pleasebecareful,oryoumay__________ontothewetground.——OK.Thankyou.A．feellike B．falldown C．careabout D．findout考点15.breathhaveproblemsbreathing呼吸困难(教材第6页2a)【用法详解】haveproblems(in)doingsth.做某事有问题困难同义短语为havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth..Wehaveproblemsgettingtothemountainvillagebeforedark.天黑前我们到达那个山村有困难。Shehasnoproblem(in)singingthesong.她唱这首歌没问题。breathe〔动词]呼吸读作名词breathPeoplebreathemoreslowlywhentheyareasleep.人们睡觉时呼吸较为缓慢。It'sgoodtobreathefreshair.呼吸新鲜空气有好处。【拓展】breath〔名词〕呼吸outofbreath上气不接下气takeadeepbreath深呼吸【经典练】1．It’sdifficultforme________afterthe20-kilometerhiking.A．tobreathe B．breathe C．tobreath2．Treesaregoodforpeople’s______becausetheytakeinharmfulgasesfromtheairandproduceoxygenforpeople______.A．health,tobreatheB．healthy,tobreatheC．health,tobreath D．healthy,breath考点16.beinterestedin[教材原句]AronRalstonisanAmericanmanwhoisinterestedinmountainclimbing.阿伦·罗尔斯顿是一位对登山感兴趣的美国人。(教材第6页，2b)【用法详解】(1)who引导的定语从句此处whoisinterestedinmountainclimbing是定语从句,修饰先行词anAmericanman,who是关系代词。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。当先行词为人时,常用关系代词who或that引导定语从句,who或that在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。who或that作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可省略。Doyouknowthegirlswho/thataredancing?你认识那些正在跳舞的女孩吗?(who/that作主语,不可省略)Theman(who/that)youarewaitingforwon'tcome.你正在等的那个人不会来了。(who/that作宾语,可省略)（2）beinterestedin对……感兴趣侧重状态,其后可接名词(短语)、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。becomeinterestedin意为“对….产生兴趣”,侧重动作。Hewasinterestedinsciencewhenhewasyoung他小时候就对科学感兴趣。(3)辨析:interested与interestinginterested感兴趣的多作表语，通常用来说明人的感受interesting有趣的作表语或定语，多表示事物具有令人感兴趣的特征，通常用来说明或修饰事物Hebecameinterestedinfishing.他变得对钓鱼感兴趣。Thecartoonisveryinteresting这部动画片很有趣。【经典练】1．Thebookisvery________andIam________init.A．interest；interest B．interesting；interested C．interested；interested2．Thesebooksare________.Weare________inthem.A．interesting;interesting B．interested;interestedC．interesting;interested D．interested;interesting考点17.beusedtodoing[教材原句]Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.作为一名登山者,阿伦习惯于冒险。(教材第6页,2b)【用法详解】as〔介词〕作为,当作后跟名词作宾语。Heworksinthehotelasacook.他在宾馆当厨师。(2)climber〔可数名词〕登山者;攀登者该词是…由“动词climmb+-er”构成的名词。许多动词后可加-er或-or构成名词,表示动作的执行者。write(写作)->writer(作者)sing(唱歌)→singer(歌唱家;歌手)swim(游泳)→swimmer(游泳者)collect(收集)→collector(收集者;收藏家)visit(参观)→visitor(参观者)beusedto习惯于…适应于强调状态。此处to为介词,后可接名词(短语)、代词或动词ing形式。该短语中be还可换成get,强调过程。Heisusedtodrinkingteawithhoney."他习惯喝加蜂蜜的茶。Youwillgetusedtothissituationsoon..你很快就会适应这种状况。(4)risk①〔名词】危险;风险theriskof………的风险takerisks=takearisk冒险Don'ttakerisks.不要冒险。Eatingjunkfoodcanincreasetheriskoftheillness.吃垃圾食品会增加生病的风险。2[动词]冒险riskdoingsth.冒险做某事Heriskedhislifetosavethechild.他冒着生命危险去救那个孩子。【经典练】1．Yourpocketmoneycanbeusedto________thecharity.Youusedto________alotonsnacks.A．supporting;spendB．support;spendingC．support;spend D．supporting;spending2．—Iheardthetrafficinthecity_______beterrible!—Yes,butithasimprovedalot.Ithinkyouwill_______itsoon.A．usedto;usedto B．getusedto;usedto C．usedto;getusedto考点18.becauseof[教材原句]ThereweremanytimeswhenAronalmostlosthislifebecauseofaccidents.有好多次,阿伦差点儿因为意外丟掉性命。(教材第6页,2b)【辨析】becauseof与because二者都可表示“因为”,其区别为:介词短语becauseof后面可接名词(短语)代词或动词-ing形式because引导原因状语从句连词Becauseofalongcoldwinter,Icelandhasashortgrowingseason.由于漫长寒冷的冬季,冰岛有很短的生长期。Hedidn'tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.他没来上学,因为他生病了。【经典练】1．—WhatdidLisadoduringtheNationalDay?—She________athomeduringtheNationalDay________thereweremanypeopleeverywhere.A．stayed;because B．stayed;although C．stays;because考点19.free[教材原句]Becausehecouldnotfreehisarm,hestayedthereforfivedaysandhopedthatsomeonewouldfindhim.因为无法使自己的胳膊挣脱开来,他在那儿待了5天,希望有人会发现他。(教材第6页，2b)【用法详解】free①[及物动词〕使自由;释放;解放Ifreedthebirdsfromtheircagesyesterday.昨天我把笼子里的鸟儿放飞了。②〔形容词〕空闲的;免费的;自由的I'mnotfreeonMonday.我星期一没空。Canyougetafreeticketfortheconcert?你能弄到一张免费的音乐会门票吗?Thisisafreecountry.这是一个自由的国家。【经典练】1．I’mafraidI’mnotavailabletohelpwithschoolshowonthe19th.A．I’mfree B．I’mnotbusy C．I’mnotfree D．I’mangry2．—CanIaskyousomequestionsabouttoday’sclass?—________.A．Ofcoursenot B．No,youcan’t C．It’snotabigdeal D．Yes,feelfree考点20.runout[教材原句]Butwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.但是当他的水用尽时，他知道他必须做一些事情来拯救自己的生命。runout作不及物动词短语，意为＂用尽；耗尽＂，主语通常是时间、金钱、水、食物等无生命名词。☞Hisstrengthranout.他的力气用完了。☞Afteralongwalk,heranoutofhiswater.长途跋涉后，他用尽了他的水。【易混辨析】runout与runoutofrunout是＂动词＋副词＂型动词短语，主语通常是时间、食物、金钱等名词。☞Hismoneysoonranout.他的钱很快花完了。runoutof作及物动词用(＝useup)，后接宾语，主语通常是人。

☞Ihaverunoutofmymoneybeforepayday.在发工资的日子之前我已经用尽了我的钱。【注意】runoutof...其原意为＂从……中跑出＂。☞Lotsofstudentsranoutoftheclassroomtoseewhathadhappened.很多学生从教室里跑出来看看发生了什么事。【经典练】1．Theenergyfromthesunandwindisverycheapanditwillnever________.A．becarriedout B．berunout C．carryout D．runout2．Ifwedon’tstopwastingwater,thespringwaterinJinan________.A．runout B．ranout C．wasrunningout D．willrunout考点21.ready[教材原句]Hewasnotreadytodiethatday.他不想那天就死去。(教材第6页,2b)【用法详解】bereadytodosth.愿意做某事;准备好做某事表示即将去做。Sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.她总是乐意帮助别人。Wearereadytoanswerthequestions.我们做好了回答问题的准备。【拓展】bereadyfor为……做好准备HewasreadyfortheEnglishexam.他为英语考试做好了准备。【经典练】1．Simonishelpful.He_________helpuswithourstudies.A．getscloseto B．isinterestedin C．isreadyto D．keepsfitto2．—Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?—Sorry,I’mgettingready________theEnglishexam.A．for B．to C．with D．of考点22.with/bandage/toomuch[教材原句]Then,withhisleftarm,hebandagedhimselfsothathewouldnotlosetoomuchblood.然后,他用左臂给自己绑上绷带,以便他不会失血过多。(教材第6页,2b)【用法详解】(1)辨析:with与in两者都可用作介词,意为“用”,但用法不同。with.表示“用”工具.身体部位等。writewithapen用钢笔写Theyeatwithforks.他们用又子吃饭。I'llhavetoseeitwithmyowneyes.我必须亲眼看到它。in.表示“用”语言、声音、材料等writeinink用墨水写ShecangiveatalkinEnglish她能用英语演讲。Hetalkedtoherinalowvoice.他低声和她说话。（2）bandage①〔及物动词〕用绷带包扎Thedoctorbandagedhisleftleg.医生给他的左腿绑上了绷带。②〔名词]绷带Thebandageisstillonhishand.他手上仍缠着绷带。（3）sothat其用法如下:以便:为了引导目的状语从句sothat前通常没有逗号与主句隔开;sothat可换成inorderthat因此,所以引导结果状语从句根据需要使用相应的时态，sothat前可以用逗号Bringitclosersothat(=inorderthat)Imayseeitbetter把它拿近些，以便我能看清楚些。(目的状语从句)Shegotuplate,sothatshemissedtheearlybus.她起床晚了,因此没赶上早班公交车。(结果状语从句)(4)辨析:toomuch,muchtoo与toomanytoomuch太多修饰不可数名词，置与名词前Ihavetoomuchhomeworktodotoday.今天我有太多名词前家庭作业要做。修饰动词放在动词后Theteachertoldhimnottotalktoomuch.老师告诉他不要说太多。muchtoo太修饰形容词或副词原级，表示程度Theworkismuchtoohardforme.这份工作对我来说太难了toomany太多修饰复数名词Therearetoomanypeopleinthepark.公园里有太多人。【助记】toomuch,muchtoo与toomanytoomuch,muchtoo,用法区别看后头much后跟不可数,too后则跟形或副:toomany要记住,其后名词必复数【经典练】1．—Howdoyoustudy________atest?—Ioftenstudy________agroup．A．for;at B．at;in C．for;with2．Icutmyfinger.Ithinkyoushould_____.A．liedownandrest B．putabandageonitC．takeyourtemperature D．putyourheadback3．Mycousinis________heavybecauseheofteneats________fastfood.A．toomuch;toomanyB．muchtoo;toomanyC．muchtoo;toomuch D．toomuch;muchtoo考点23.mean[教材原句]Thismeansbeinginadiffcultsituationthatyoucannotseemtogetoutof.它的意思是“处干一个你似乎无法摆脱的困境之中”。(教材第6页26)【用法详解】mean(meant,meant)[及物动词)①意思是;意为其后常接名词、动词-ing形式或从句。其名词形式是meaning,意为“意义;意思”。Whatdoes“blood"mean?blood的意思是什么?Youmeanyouhaveasoreback?你的意思是你背疼?②意味着其后常接名词(短语)或动词-ing形式作宾语。meandoingsth.意味着做某事Mynewjobmeansworkingalldayandallnight我的新工作意味着夜以继日地工作。③打算;意欲meantodosth.打算做某事Imeantotalkwithhimaboutit.我打算和他谈谈这件事。【拓展】Whatdoyoumeanby...?=Whatdo/does...mean?Readingistothemindwhileexerciseistoths=What'sthemeaningof.?……是什么意思?其中by后跟名词(短语)、代词或动词-ing形式Whatdoyoumeanbythisword?=Whatdoesthiswordmean?=What'sthemeaningofthisword?这个单词是什么意思?(2)getoutof离开;从………出来其反义短语是getinto“进人”Thankstoyourhelp,Igotoutoftroubleintime.多亏你的帮助,我及时摆脱了困境。【经典练】1．—Whatisthe________ofthesignonthebottle?—It________“Keepawayfromthebabies”.A．meaning;means B．mean;meansC．mean;meaning D．meaning;meaning考点24.decision[教材原句]Inthisbook,Arontellsoftheimportanceofmakinggooddecisions,andofbeingincontrolofone'slife.在这本书中,阿伦讲述了正确抉择和掌控自己命运的重要性。(教材第6页,2b)(1)makedecisions/adecision做决定makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth.决定做某事Letmemakedecisionsmyself.让我自己做决定。Imakeadecisiontobeadoctorwhenlgrowup.我决定长大后当一名医生。(2)beincontrolof掌管;管理Youshouldbeincontrolofyourownlifeandbushness.你应该掌管自己的生活和事业。[拓展]beinthecontrolof受.……控制/管理beoutofcontrol失去控制beundercontrol在控制之下Thecompanyisinthecontroloftheyoungman!这家公司在这个年轻人的管理之下。【经典练】1．Theyoungmanmadeadecision________themountainalone.A．toclimb B．climb C．climbs D．climbing2．MyEnglishteacheralwaysencouragesus________decisionsbyourselves.A．make B．making C．tomake考点25.so..that..如此……以至于[教材原句]Hisloveformountainclimbingissogreatthathekeptonclimbingmountainsevenafterthisexperience.他对登山如此酷爱,甚至在这次(臂)经历之后他还继续登山。(教材第6页,2b)【用法详解】so..that..如此……以至于that引导结果状语从句。此句型中,so是副词常用来修饰形容词或副词。Sheissoyoungthatshecan'tlookafterherself.她如此小以至于不能照顾自己。so...that...句型中，that引导的从句…中的主语与主句中的主语一致，且从句为否定句时可与too...to...或not...enoughto结构相互转换。Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.=Heistooyoungtogotoschool.=Heisn'toldenoughtogotoschool.他太小了,不能去上学(2)keepondoingsth.继续做某事表示动作重复多次,中间有间隔,强调重复性。Shekeptonworking,althoughshewastired.她尽管很累，但仍继续工作。【拓展】①keepdoingsth.继续不停地做某事表示动作持续不间断、无停顿,强调连续性。Keepwalkinguntilyoureachtheendoftheroad.继续走，直到你到达路的尽头。②keepsb.doingsth.使某人一直做某事Don'tkeepyourmotherwaiting不要让你妈妈一直等着。③keepsb.fomdoingsth.阻止某人做某事Youshouldn'tkeephimfromwatchingcartoons.你不该阻止他看动画片。【经典练】1．“Thenewcomedyissofunnythatthewholecinemaisfulloflaughter.”句子中包含________。A．目的状语从句 B．结果状语从句 C．条件状语从句考点26.death[教材原句]..andbeforewehavetomakeadecisionthatcouldmeanlifeordeath.………以及在我们不得不做出可能意味着生死的决定之前。(教材第6页，2b)【辨析】:death,die,dead与dyingdeath不可数名词死;死亡在句中可作主语或宾语名词die动词死是非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，其过去式、过去分词均为died，动词-ing形式为dyingdead形容词死的表示状态,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用dying形容词要死的垂死的;在句中常作定语Thedeathofherfatherwassudden.她父亲的死很突然。Shediedtwoyearsago.她两年前去世了。Thebirdisdead.这只鸟死了。Thisisadyingbird.这是一只快要死的鸟。【经典练】1．Hispetdog________formanyyearsandthe________ofthedogmadeherverysad.A．hasdied;dying B．hasdied;death C．hasbeendead;dying D．hasbeendead;death考点27.mind[教材原句]Aronlovesmountainclimbinganddoesn'tmindtakingrisks.阿伦热爱登山,不介意冒险。(教材第7页，2e)【用法详解】mind〔动词〕介意;在乎后面可接名词(短语)、代词、动词-ing形式或从句作宾语，但不能跟动词不定式。mind也可用作不及物动词,常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。Wouldyoumindparkingyourcarthere?你介意把车停到那边吗?DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?我打开窗户，你介意吗?Idon’tmindatall.我一点儿都不介意。【经典练】1．—Wouldyoumind________thewindow,please?It’stoohot.—Ofcoursenot.A．opening B．toopen C．closing一．语法精讲（一）询问身体部位状况的表达1.询问某人的健康问题及遇到麻烦时的常用表达1.询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时,常用以下几种结构来表达:What'sthematter(withsb.)?(某人)怎么了?What'swrong(withsb.)?(某人)怎么了?What'sthetrouble(withsb.)?/(某人)出什么事了?Whathappened(tosb.)?(某人)发生什么事了?AreyouOK?你没事吧?Isthereanythingwrong(withsb.)?(某人)有什么事吗?2.要表达身体某一部位疼痛或不舒服,可用以下结构:(1)某人+have/has+病症Thetwinshavecolds.这对双胞胎感冒。(2)某人+have/has+a(n)+身体部位-ache(headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache).Shehadastomachachelastnight.她昨晚胃痛。(3)某人+have/hasasore+身体部位Hehasasorethroat.他喉咙痛。(4)某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词Hehurthisleg.他的腿受伤了。(5)身体部位+hurt(s).Myheadhurts.我头痛。(5)某人+have/hasapaininone’s+身体部位Ihaveapaininmychest.我胸口痛。(6)其他表达方式Shehasaheartproblem.她有心脏病。Hegothitonthehead.他的头部受到了撞击。（二）情态动词should的用法should作情态动词，有实际的词义，但它不可单独作谓语，须与动词原形连用，没有人称和数的变化。其否定形式在其后加not，可缩写为shouldn’t；变为一般疑问句时，should提到主语之前。它的用法如下：1.表示委婉地提出意见或建议，一般意为＂应该；应当＂。☞Youshouldeatlotsofhealthyfood.你应该多吃些健康的食品。☞Youshouldhelpeachother.你们应该互相帮助。2.表示义务、责任，也意为＂应该；应当＂。☞Youshouldstudyhard.你应当努力学习。☞Heshouldpayforthebooks.他应当付书钱。3.表示命令和要求，语气比较强烈。☞Weshouldrespectourteachersandparents.我们应该尊敬老师和父母。☞Youshouldn’tbesocareless.你不应该这么粗心。4.表示预测和可能性。☞Heshouldbeateacher.他可能是一位老师。☞Theyshouldbeintheclassroom.他们应该在教室里。5.表示说话人的感情，如惊奇、愤怒、失望等，多见于以why，who，how，what等开头的特殊疑问句中。☞WhyshouldIinviteher?为什么我要邀请她？☞HowshouldIknow?我怎么会知道？（三）反身代词反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称的人称代词宾格形式，词尾加-self或-selves组成的。反身代词意为＂本人＂＂本身＂，为加强语气，也可翻译为＂亲自＂＂自己＂。1.反身代词构成数数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself/herself/itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代词的用法反身代词：反身代词用法口诀反身代词莫乱用，能在句中宾、表、同；主语、定语不能用，固定搭配要记清。单数反身代词：myself,yourself,himself,itself；复数反身代词：ourselves,yourselves,themselves。含有反身代词的习惯用语1.applyoneselfto致力于2.byoneself独自地3.behaveoneself举止良好4.cometooneself苏醒过来5.devoteoneselfto专心于6.dressoneself自己穿衣；穿着，打扮7.enjoyoneself玩得愉快8.foroneself亲自9.helponeselfto随便吃，随便用10.seatoneself坐下来11.saytooneself心里想12.teachoneself自学13.ofoneself自动地二、健康与急救Unit1What’sthematter?单元写作专题本单元的话题是健康与急救，主要学习有关伤病及处理建议的表达方式。本单元以What'sthematter/wrong(with...)?Ihaveacold.He/Shehasafever.为中心话题，围绕描述“身体的不适和提出建议”展开，学习和运用What'sthematter/wrong?/Whatshould..…do?描述身体的不适并提出建议。有利于青少年了解常见的基本急救健康知识，促使他们养成良好的卫生习惯，增强自我保护和防范能力。写作步骤◆步骤一：1.描述问题；◆步骤二：给出合理化的建议；◆步骤三：表达祝愿，希望对方走出困境。一、写作积累(一)谈论健康问题的句型:1.What'sthematter(withsb.)?2.Doesshe/hehaveatoothache/stomachache/headache/fever...?3.AreyouOK?