重庆市2024-2025学年高二下学期第一次月考英语试卷

2024-2025学年度(下)高二年级第一次月考英语试题第一部分听力(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.HowwillAlexgotomeetthewoman?A.Byplane.B.Bysubway.C.Bycar.2.Wherearethetwinsnow?A.Inthebedroom.B.Inthebathroom.C.Inthediningroom.3.Whatwillthemandonextmonth?A.Joinagym.B.Makeaworkoutplan.C.Takepartinacontest.4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Deliverymanandcustomer.B.Neighbors.C.Workmates.5.WhatdoesKellymean?A.ShebeatFranklastweek.B.Sheswimsfasterthanbefore.C.Sheisthebestswimmerintheschool.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatactivitydoesthefirsttourinclude?A.Eatingseafood.B.Watchingpenguins.C.Exploringacafe.7.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Goforsomefood.B.Leaveforhome.C.Takeastreetwalk.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whendidthemanfirstwanttobecomeawriter?A.Whenhewasachild.B.Afterhebecameafather.C.Beforeheretiredasadoctor.9.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Heisanenvironmentalist.B.Hehaschangedhislifestyle.C.Hefocusesonchildren’sbooks.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whereisthefirstbridgelocated?A.InRome.B.InFlorence.C.InAzerbaijan.11.Whywasthesecondbridgebuilt?A.Toconnecttwocountries.B.Toaccommodateworkers.C.Toserveasahistoricallandmark.12.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthesecondbridge?A.Itisabout48mileslong.B.Itwasbuiltin1345.C.Itiswellequipped.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.HowoftendoesVickyworkonadifferenttrip?A.Twiceamonth.B.Onceamonth.C.Everytwomonths.14.WhowasthetriptotheCaribbeantargetedatlastyear?A.Popularsingers.B.Musicalenthusiasts.C.Oldstars.15.HowhasVickyspenthersparetimeduringatrip?A.Bytalkingwithothers.B.Bylisteningtomusic.C.Bydoingatrainingcourse.16.WhatdoesVickyplantobeinthefuture?A.Atrainer.B.Apsychologist.C.Atourguide.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Hergapyearexperience.B.Herfather’sinfluence.C.Hertravelarrangements.18Whendidthespeakersetoff?A.InJanuary.B.InJune.C.InJuly.19.Whatdidthespeakerdoduringthejourney?A.Shekeptadiary.B.Shetookmathsclasses.C.Shecompletedsomehomework.20.Whydidthespeaker’sfathermakethedecision?A.Tolethiskidsexploretheworldfirst-hand.B.Tohelphiskidstomakeforeignfriends.C.Torelievethestressofthewholefamily.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFourFamousFemaleScientistsKatherineJohnsonKatherineJohnsongraduatedfromcollege—withhonors—atthesameagemostpeoplegraduatedfromhighschool.ShelaterappliedtoaprogramattheNationalAdvisoryCommitteeforAeronauticsandearnedaspotasoneoftheagency’shumancomputers.OneofKatherine’smostimportantjobswascalculatingthepathofthefirstAmericanmannedspaceflightin1961andtheApollomoonlandingin1969.WhileNASAbeganusingcomputersforthetaskin1962,astronautJohnGlennrefusedtogointoflightuntilKatherinecheckedthecomputer’scalculationsbyhand.CeciliaPayne-GaposchkinWhenCeciliaPayne-GaposchkinbecamethefirstwomantoreceiveaPhDfromHarvard’sRadeliffeCollege,nooneknewhowmuchherdoctoralpaperwouldchangetheworldofscience.Herconclusionthatstarsarecomposedmainlyofhydrogenandhelium(氦)contradictedthemaintheoryofthetime,andsomeoftheday’sleadingscientistsopenlyquestionedherfindings.Itwouldtakemorethanadecadeforanotherscientisttoreachthesameconclusion.LiseMeitnerLiseMeitnerisoneofonlytwowomentohaveanelementnamedinherhonor—theelementwiththeatomicnumber109iscalledmeitnerium.ShewasthefirstphysicsprofessorinGermanyandthefirstscientisttoincludetheterm“nuclearfission(裂变)”inapublishedpaper.Duringhercareer,shediscoveredwhatcausestheAugerEffect,explainedhownuclearfissionworks,anduncoveredtheelementprotactinium(镤).GraceHopperGraceHopperwasknownforherpioneeringworkinthedevelopmentofcomputerprogramminglanguages.ShebeganhercareerincomputingandworkedontheHarvardMarkIcomputerprogram.Later,shecreatedthefirstprogramthattranslatedcodeintomachinelanguage,andalsodevelopedtheCOBOL(CommonBusiness-OrientedLanguage)programminglanguage.1.WhatwasoneofKatherineJohnson’ssignificantcontributions?A.SheearnedaPhDfromHarvard. B.Shedevelopedaprogramminglanguage.C.Sheexplainedhownuclearfissionworks. D.Shecalculatedthepathformajorspacemissions.2.Whoseconclusionaboutstarsfacedoppositionfromleadingscientists?A.KatherineJohnson’s. B.CeciliaPayne-Gaposchkin’s.C.LiseMeitner’s. D.GraceHopper’s.3.WhatdoLiseMeitnerandGraceHopperhaveincommon?A.TheygraduatedfromHarvard. B.Theydiscoverednewelements.C.Theyworkedonsomethingaboutcomputers. D.Theywerebothpioneersintheirownfield.【答案】1D2.B3.DBBy2015,thepriestJoynerofConetoecametounderstandhewashostingfunerals(葬礼)twiceamonth—asurprisingnumberforhistown’stinypopulation.InthisAfricanAmericantown,aquarteroffamiliesliveanextremelypoorlifeandheartdiseasekillsmore20to39-yearoldsthancaraccidentsdo.Joynerdecidedtodosomethingaboutit.Drivinghomeoneday,hepulledoverandthoughtthatmaybehe’dgetfurtherwithhiseyesopen.Helookedaround,andallhesawwasfarmland.Itgavehimanidea:Getthekidstotakepartinit.Joynerranayouthcamp,sothatsummer,heshowedthecampershowtogrowtheirownfoodonthesmallland.Thekids,4to16yearsold,ateupthevegetablestheyhadgrown,andthefollowingyear,theygavefreeboxesofvegetablestotheoldpeopleinthetown.Noteveryonewelcomedtheidea.Somechurcheldersquestionedwhetheritwaswisetoletkidstakepartinagrarianpursuit(农业工作).ButJoynersawitdifferently.“Thekidsarebringingfoodtopeoplewhoneedit.Theyenjoywhatthey’redoing,”hesaid.Atthesametime,itimprovedthehealthofthecommunitybyprovidinghealthyfoods.Today,becauseofJoyner,thatsmalllandhaschangedintothe21-acreConetoeFamilyLifeCenter.Thelocalhospital,schoolsandrestaurantshelpthecenterbybuyingitssaladgreens,peppers,strawberries,andotherfoodforpeople.ResearchfromEastCarolinaUniversityfoundthatpeopleinConetoehavelostweight,loweredtheirbloodpressure,andvisitedthehospitallessfrequentlybecauseofthefreshfoodandhealthadviceavailableatthecenter.4.WhatdoweknowaboutthetownwhereJoynerlives?A.Itdevelopsveryslowly. B.Therearenotenoughchurches.C.Peoplearetoopoortoliveahealthylife. D.Manyyoungpeoplediefromaccidents.5.WhydidJoynerdecidetogrowfoodonthesmallland?A.Toprovidefoodforkids. B.Tolowerthenumberofdeaths.C.Toteachkidshowtoplant. D.Tomakefulluseofthesmallland.6.WhatdidsomechurcheldersthinkofJoyner’sidea?A.Theyweren’tinterestedinit. B.Theyweredoubtfulaboutit.C.Theystronglydisagreedwithit. D.Theythoughtitdidharmtokids.7.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Joyner’sAgriculturalSolutionforCommunityHealthB.ASmallTown’sBattleAgainstPovertyandAccidentsC.KidsinFarming:ChallengesandTriumphsinaPoorTownD.TheTransformationofaFarmlandintoaLife-ChangingCenter【答案】4.C5.B6.B7.ACAmongthemembersofmysocialnetwork,ahandfulbringoutmixedemotions—botheagernessandfear.InteractionswiththemfeellikeaconversationalgameofRussianroulette(轮盘赌).Intherightmood,theseindividualscandeliverafun-filledevening,butifIcatchthematthewrongmoment,theycanwipeoutallmypositiveenergy.Thereissimplynoknowingwhatistocome.Ifthissoundsfamiliar,thenyoutoohavefrenemies.JulianneHolt-LunstadandhercolleaguesatBrighamYoungUniversityhavedesignedascalethatidentifiesfourcategoriesofrelationships.Youcantryitforyourself.Pickacoupleofpeoplewithinyoursocialnetworkandanswerthefollowingtwoquestionsonascaleofone(notatall)tosix(verymuch).Whenyouarefeelinginneedofadvice,understandingorafavor,howhelpfulisyourconnection?Likewise,howupsettingisyourconnection?Peoplewhoscoreoneonbothquestionsareyourindifferentrelationships—aneighbor,perhaps,withneithergoodnorbadqualities.Thosewhoscorehighlyonthefirstquestion,whilegettingthelowestpossibleratingonthesecond,areyoursupportiveandloyalsocialties.Thosewiththelowestscoreonthefirstquestionandhighmarksonthesecondareaversiverelationships.Finally,anyonewithascoreoftwoormoreonbothscalesisconsideredanambivalentconnection—yourfrenemies.Theymaybeincrediblygenerouswhenyouhaveaproblemyetcanalsostrikebackwithabitterput-downwhentheyfeelenviousorthreatened.Researchsuggeststhatambivalent,love-haterelationshipsareoftenmorestressfulthanconsistentlynegativeones,damagingmentalandphysicalhealth.Cuttingoffcontactmaynotalwaysbepossible,especiallyifthepersonisabossorfamilymember.So,whatcanbedone?Simplybeingawareoftheambivalentnatureofarelationshipmightoffersomeprotection.Personally,Iusethisinsighttopreparemyselfemotionally,focusonthepositives,andlimitinteractionswhenneeded.Italsoleadsmetoreflectonmyownactions—amIeverthefrenemy?Iamresolvedtobealittlemoremindfulofmyinteractionswithallmyties.8.WhydoestheauthorcompareinteractionswithcertainpeopletoRussianroulette?A.Tosuggestwaystohandletheseinteractions.B.Toshowhowthesepeoplecompeteforattention.C.Tointroduceasocialgamethesepeopleliketoplay.D.Tostresshowunpredictabletheseinteractionscanbe.9.Whichfigurebestillustratesthedifferenttypesofrelationshipsinoursocialnetwork?A. B.C. D.10.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdo?A.Avoidinteractingwithfrenemies.B.Cautionagainstactinglikeafrenemy.C.Encouragefrenemiestoactmorepositively.D.Balancefrenemieswithsupportivefriendships.11.Whatisthecentralmessagetheauthorintendstoconveythroughthistext?A.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed. B.Onlytruefriendsareworthkeeping.C.Ahealthyfriendshipneedsgive-and-take. D.Love-haterelationshipsaresurprisinglybad.【答案】8.D9.B10.B11.DDThenumerousbacteriathatnaturallyinhabitthehumanbodyseemtohelpusinmanyways.Onegroupisemergingasparticularlybeneficial:atypeofgut(肠道)bacteriaknownasBlautia,whichhasmadeheadlinesrecentlybecauseitseemstoproducesomereallyremarkableeffects.Now,aChineseteamisglimpsinganotherpotentialbenefitofBlautia:helpingpeopleadapttohighaltitudes.TheirfindingssuggestthatprovidingBlautiacouldhelpmountaineersandothersperformbetterinthesechallengingenvironments.Qing-PengKong,ageneticistattheChineseAcademyofSciences,andhisteamrecruited45mentomovefromtheirhomesat250metersabovesealeveltoatownatabout3,700meters.Despitethethinair,themenatesimilarfoodastheyhadathome,minimizingtheeffectsofdietchangesontheirgutbacteria.After2days,Blautiawentfrombeingraretoveryabundantintheirguts.Inthesecondexperiment,theteamexposedmicetocontrolledlow-oxygenconditionsinthelabfirstandthensimulated(模拟)analtitudeof4,000meters,whilegivingBlautiatohalfofthemeveryotherday.TheBlautia-treatedmiceshowedmilderresponseofaltitudesickness.Thisopensthedoorintowhetheraltitudesicknessmightbeamenabletotreatmentthroughthegut.Thebacteria’seffectmayalsoextendtothebrain.“Itssuperpowercomesfromtheconnectionbetweenthegutandthebrain,”saysKlepac-CerakatWellesleyCollege.Thefattyacidsitmakesareknowntoactivatereceptors(神经末梢)onnervesthatconnectthedigestivesystem,heartandbrain.ThiscouldhelpexplainasurprisingrelationshipthatKlepac-Cerakreportedlastyear:KidsaremorelikelytotalkandlaughwhentheyhavemoreBlautiaintheirguts.“There’slotsofcommunicationhappeningbetweenourbrain;wearejustbeginningtouncoverwhatservicesbacteriadoforus.”Klepac-Ceraknotes.Blautia’sapparentsuperpowerssuggesttoKongitcouldserveasasupplement(补充)thatbenefitspeopleregardlessofwhethertheyareplanningatriptoTibet.Butfirst,Kongsays,hewantstofindoutwhetherBlautiaisa“solo”playerorhastheseprotectiveeffectsonlyaspartofalargergroupofbacteria.12.What’sthenewly-foundbenefitofthestudyledbyaChineseteam?A.Itgetspublicattention. B.Ithelpspeopledobetterathighaltitudes.C.Itmakessocialmediaangry. D.Itintroducesanadvancednewtechnology.13.Whatdoweknowaboutthesubjects(实验对象)inbothexperiments?A.Theyexperiencedlow-oxygenconditions.B.TheyreceivedBlautiaintheirdiet.C.Theymovedtohigh-altituderegions.D.Theysufferedseverealtitudesickness.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“amenable”inParagraph3mean?”.A.Careless B.Untreatable. C.Unchangeable D.Reactive.15.HowwouldbothKongandKlepac-CerakdescribeBlautia’sroleinhumanhealth?A.double-edgedsword. B.Asoloplayer.C.Anextremelyeffectivesolution. D.Apartially-understoodinfluence【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.D第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白外的最佳选项，选项中有两项多余选项。ProtectingtheEcologicalEnvironmentAsweallknow,theecologicalenvironmentiscrucialforthesurvivalanddevelopmentofalllifeonEarth.Itprovidesuswithessentialresourcessuchascleanair,freshwater,andrichsoil.____16____Industrializationhasledtoincreasedemissions(排放)ofpollutantsintotheairandwater.Factoriesreleaselargeamountsofwastegasesandliquids,whichnotonlydamagethequalityoftheairwebreathebutalsopolluteriversandlakes.____17____Vastareasoftreesarebeingclearedforagriculture,logging,andurbanexpansion.Thisdestroysthehabitatsofcountlessspeciesandcontributestosoilloss.____18____Governmentsaroundtheworldhavebeenpassingstricterenvironmentallawsandregulations.Theselawsareeffectiveincontrollingindustrialpollution.Forexample,theysetlimitsontheamountofpollutantsthatfactoriescanreleaseandrequireheavyfinesaspunishment.Renewableenergysourcesarealsobeingincreasinglyused.Solarandwindenergy,inparticular,arecatchingon.____19____Renewableenergysourcescanreduceourdependenceonfossil(化石)fuelsandlowercarbonemissions.Inaddition,individualscanalsoplayavitalroleinprotectingtheecologicalenvironment.Wecanstartwithsimplethingsinourdailylives,suchassavingwaterandelectricity.____20____Wecanalsochoosetousepublictransportationorbicyclesinsteadofprivatecars.Moreover,raisingpublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionisessential.Onlywheneveryonerealizestheimportanceofprotectingtheecologicalenvironmentaswellastakesactioncanwehopetohaveasustainablefuture.A.Deforestationisanothermajorissue.B.Thishelpstoconserveenergyandreducewaste.C.Cuttingcarbonemissionsisessentialforourwelfare.D.Afterall,theircostmayaddtoomuchburdentoourlives.E.Theyarecleanandsustainablealternativestotraditionalenergy.F.Toaddressthethreats,humanbeingsareurgedtotakesomemeasures.G.However,humanactivitieshavebeenposingaseriousthreattoitrecently.【答案】16.G17.A18.F19.E20.B第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Onesummerday,Sarahdecidedtogoforabikerideinthecountryside.Thesunwasshiningbrightly,andtheairwasfilledwiththesweetsmelloffreshflowers.Shefeltagreatsenseof____21____asshebicycledalongthewindingpath.AsSarahrodefurther,she____22____asmall,oldhousestandingattheendofadirtroad.Shehadneverseenitbeforeandfeltcurious.Resolvedto____23____shelockedherbikeandwalkedtowardsit.Thedoorwashalf____24____,soSarahpusheditopenandsteppedinside.She____25____therooms,findingsomeoldphotographsand____26____toys.Inthekitchen,Sarahfounda____27____cookbookwhosecoverwastornattheedges.Sheopeneditandwassurprisedtosee____28____fromhergrandmother,whohadpassedawayyearsago.Tearswelledupinhereyesassherememberedthehappytimestheyhadshared.Shecarefully____29____itinherscarfandplaceditinherbackpack.WhenSarahgothome,sheshowedthecookbooktoherparents.Theywereamazedbythe_____30_____andhuggedhertightly.Thatnight,Sarahcookedoneofhergrandmother’srecipesforthewholefamily,andtheyhadthemealtogether_____31_____Theexperiencehadbeena/an_____32_____pointforSarah.Shelearnedto_____33_____thevalueoffamilyhistoryandbeautyineverydaylife.Lookingback,Sarahknewthather_____34_____hadledhertoatreasureshehadnever_____35_____tofind.21A.emptiness B.contentment C.achievement D.loss22.A.spotted B.located C.imagined D.recognized23.A.investigate B.slip C.explore D.check24.A.closed B.stuck C.repaired D.blocked25.A.searchedfor B.cleanedup C.brokeinto D.wanderedthrough26.A.misplaced B.unused C.ignored D.abandoned27.A.well-received B.worn-out C.second-hand D.best-selling28.A.recipes B.menus C.illustrations D.notes29.A.threw B.wrapped C.folded D.hid30.A.secret B.wonder C.outcome D.discovery31.A.calmly B.confidently C.cheerfully D.patiently32.A.confirming B.breaking C.ending D.turning33.A.appreciate B.assess C.analyse D.admit34.A.sympathy B.curiosity C.enthusiasm D.innocence35.A.arranged B.guaranteed C.expected D.declined【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.A25.D26.D27.B28.A29.B30.D31.C32.D33.A34.B35.C第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。RosalindFranklin:TheOverlookedDNAPioneerRosalindFranklin,aBritishchemist,madegroundbreakingcontributionstoDNAresearch.HerX-rayimagesofferedthefirstconcreteevidence____36____DNAhadadouble-helixstructure.Yet,herworkwaslongunrecognized.Franklin’smethodsweremeticulous(一丝不苟的).Shededicatedcountlesshourstostudyingcrystalsthroughamicroscope,demandingthateverystatistic____37____(record)withprecision.Oneofherkeytechniques____38____(be)refiningX-raytechnology,whichbecamevitaltothediscovery.____39____additiontoherresearch,Franklinmentoredyoungscientistsselflessly.Herpatriotismwas____40____(primary)showninherdedicationtotruth.Tragically,shepassedawaybeforerealizing____41____profoundlyherdiscoveryshapedmodernbiology.Franklin’slegacyteachesthatsciencerequiresnotjustabstracttheoriesbut____42____(practice)solutions.Shedeveloped____43____novelmethodtocaptureclearerimages,provingtheneedforinnovation.Herfamousquoteremainsaprinciple____44____(guide)researcherstoday.Justasatelescoperevealsdistantstars,herwork_____45_____(serve)asabeaconforfuturediscoveries.【答案】36.that37.shouldberecorded##berecorded38.was39.In40.primarily41.how42.practical43.a44.guiding45.serves第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节应用文写作(共15分)46.假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括:1)表示歉意；2)说明原因；3)补救方案并另约时间。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearBob,I’mwritingtosincerelyapologizeforhavingtopostponeourbookstorevisitthisweekend.I’vebeenselectedtorepresentourschoolinanationalacademiccompetitionnextmonth,soIhavetobefullycommittedtopreparingit.Tomakeupforthis,I’dlovetosuggestanewplan!There’safascinatingexhibitiononsustainableinnovationatthecitylibrarynextSaturdayafternoon.Itcombinesoursharedinterestsintechnologyandenvironmentalscience,andIthinkit’dbeameaningfulexperience.Wouldthisworkforyou?Onceagain,I’msorryfortheinconvenience.Letmeknowyourthoughts—I’mflexibleandexcitedtoreschedule!Bestregards,LiHua第二节读后续写(共25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Thehighjumpmat(垫子)loomedinfrontofmelikeamonster.Ihadsignedupforthetrackandfieldcompetitiononadare,neverimaginingI’dactuallymakeittothefinals.Now,thebar(杆)wassetat1.6meters—aheightIhadfailedtoclearthreetimesinpractice.Mylegsfeltlikejelly.“You’reupnext,Lena!”CoachHarriscalled.Thecrowdinthebleacherscheered,buttheirvoicessoundeddistant.Iwipedmysweatypalmsonmyshorts,rememberingthelasttimeIattemptedthisheight.Myfoothadcaughtthebar,sendingitcrashinglandedawkwardlyonthemat.Thelaughterfromtheotherstudentsstillhauntedme.Coachwalkedoverandplacedahandonmyshoulder.“Fearisjustashadow,”hesaidquietly.“It’snotrealunlessyouletitblockyou