液晶显示驱动器知识

液晶物質的相變化固體結晶液晶液體加熱加熱冷卻冷卻绿显电子科技1第一页，共90页。液晶分子的種類SmecticLC層狀液晶NematicLC線狀液晶CholestericLC膽固醇狀液晶绿显电子科技2第二页，共90页。液晶分子的排列CrystallineLiquidCrystallineLiquidKSmCSmANLBiaxialUnaxialIsotropicTemperature绿显电子科技3第三页，共90页。液晶的分類绿显电子科技4第四页，共90页。液晶的電光特性異向性(Anisotropic)排列因數()折射率

()黏滯係數()介電係數

()電導係數磁化率彈性係數

()5第五页，共90页。液晶的光學特性OpticalPositiveOpticalNegativeHelicalAxisOpticalAxisOpticalAxis6第六页，共90页。液晶驅動原理電極電極液晶FieldOFFFieldON7第七页，共90页。液晶顯示器主要優缺點優點低電壓驅動。低消耗電流。體積薄，重量輕。可實現大面積化。彩色化容易。缺點視角限制。外加被光源或投射光源。溫度操作範圍限制。8第八页，共90页。液晶顯示器的種類液晶顯示器扭轉型(TwinstNematic,TN)1971超扭轉型(SuperTwinstNematic,STN)1984雙層雙扭轉型(DoubleLayerSTN,DSTN)1987光相位補償超扭轉型(FilmSTN,FSTN)1988主動驅動超扭轉型(AASTNorMLSSTN)1992強介電型(FerroelectricLiquidCrystal:FLC)1980PDLC(PolymerDispersiveLC)1988PSCT(PolymerStabilizedCholestericTexture)1993OtherDS(DynamicScattering)1968PC(PhaseChange)1968GH(GuestHost)1968ECB(ElcetricalControlBirefregency)1971BTN(BistableTwistNematic)1995IPS(InPlaneSwitch)1995VA(VerticalAlignment)19969第九页，共90页。TN型LCDs顯示原理Twist90液晶分子FieldOFFFieldON利用液晶的旋光特性調變穿透光線液晶的旋光特性消失10第十页，共90页。STNLCDs顯示原理Twist270液晶分子FieldOFFFieldON利用液晶的雙折射特性調變穿透光線11第十一页，共90页。TN&STN電光轉移曲線

V-TCurve100%90%10%VnsSTNVsSTNVsTNVnsTNTV12第十二页，共90页。TN與STN的電壓漂移T100%VTNModeT100%VSTNMode13第十三页，共90页。LCDs驅動方式直接驅動法(DirectionAddressing)靜態驅動法(StaticAddressing)多工驅動法(MultiplexAddressing)主動驅動法(ActiveAddressing/Multi-LineSelection)主動矩陣驅動法(ActiveMatrixAddressing)兩端元件(MIM,Diode..)三端元件(A-Si:HTFT,Ploy-SiTFT..)PlasmaAddressing(PALC)熱掃描驅動法(雷射掃描)光掃描驅動法(電子速掃描14第十四页，共90页。LCDs靜態驅動法LCCellXORVsVcVsigVcVsigVcVsVc-VsONOFF15第十五页，共90页。多工驅動法

(振幅選擇驅動法,APT)1234N123Frame1Frame2F0DT水平掃描訊號+D-D0垂直影像訊號Row1Row2Row3RowNColumn1ONOFFONOFFF+DF-DF+DF-D+D-D0+D-D0+D-D0+D-D01234NFrame1液晶畫素電壓T16第十六页，共90页。多工驅動法的限制1.01.11.21.310020017第十七页，共90页。APT驅動波形18第十八页，共90页。IAPT驅動波形APTAddressingIAPTAddressing19第十九页，共90页。APT與IAPT方式比較APTAddressingLowVoltageSegmentDriver:2DHighVoltageCommonDriver:2FIAPTAddressingOffset+DforPositivePolarityOffset+FforNegativePolarityVoltageRangeofSegmentDriver:F+DVoltageRangeofCommonDriver:F+D20第二十页，共90页。高容量多工驅動的對策(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)21第二十一页，共90页。STNLCDs規格OperationVoltageVop:BiasRatio:Steepness:SelectionRatio:22第二十二页，共90页。STNLCDs驅動電壓計算IfVoff=2V,N=240rows,Then:APT:SegmentDriver:2.96V,CommonDriver:44.40VIAPT:Segment&CommonDrivers:23.68V23第二十三页，共90页。STNLCDsDrivers架構......移位暫存器(ShifterRegister)DCLK串列輸入訊號...閂鎖暫存器(LatchRegister)LPF+D0F-D2D偏壓位準........................................................DF(HLHL...H)............................HLHH並列輸出垂直訊號電極2D02D2DIAPT參考電壓IAPT驅動IC24第二十四页，共90页。灰階顯示─FRCFrameRateControl,FRC:25第二十五页，共90页。灰階顯示─PWMPulseWidthModulation,PWM:26第二十六页，共90页。灰階顯示─PHMPulseHighModulation,PHM:27第二十七页，共90页。液晶的頻率響應28第二十八页，共90页。VerticalCrosstalkofSTNLCDs29第二十九页，共90页。HorizontalCrosstalkofSTNLCDs垂直驅動訊號LLine水平掃描波形液晶畫素波形(a)(b)(c)(d)ABABL30第三十页，共90页。FrameResponseofSTNLCDs31第三十一页，共90页。ActiveAddressingforSTNLCDs32第三十二页，共90页。ActiveAddressing驅動電壓IfVoff=2V,N=240rows,Then:F=0.730X2V=1.460V|G|=0.954X2V=21.909VOutputRangeofSegmentDriverisabout44V.CommonDriverofCommonDriverisabout3V.33第三十三页，共90页。SegmentVoltageofActiveAddressing34第三十四页，共90页。ActiveAddressing的矩陣運算列向量（Column）×＝時間（Time）行向量（Row）Bit-MapImageMatrixRowFunctionMatrix時間（Time）列（Column）ColumnVoltageMatrix35第三十五页，共90页。矩陣運算方式行（Row）×＝行向量（Row）列向量（Column）Bit-MapImageMatrixRowVector時間（Time）列（Column）Time=Dtk×＝行向量（Row）列向量（Column）第j列RowFunctionMatrix時間（Time）列（Column）ColumnVector垂直序列運算ColumnSequential時間序列運算TimeSequential36第三十六页，共90页。ColumnSequential硬體架構N×M圖框記憶體N×M圖框記憶體影像資訊輸入IjNXOR陣列N加法邏輯陣列N×MSTNLCDs液晶層間隙4.5um液晶材料：低黏滯係數水平驅動函數唯讀記憶體RowFunctionROMNSTNLCDs垂直驅動晶片TFTLCDs垂直驅動晶片1轉2多工器2轉1解多工器37第三十七页，共90页。TimeSequential硬體架構N×M圖框記憶體N×M圖框記憶體影像資訊輸入IjNXOR陣列N加法邏輯陣列水平驅動函數唯讀記憶體RowFunctionROMN1轉2多工器2轉1解多工器N×M圖框緩衝記憶體N×M圖框緩衝記憶體N×MSTNLCDs液晶層間隙4.5um液晶材料：低黏滯係數STNLCDs垂直驅動晶片TFTLCDs垂直驅動晶片N38第三十八页，共90页。主動矩陣式液晶顯示器

AM-LCDs39第三十九页，共90页。TFTLCDs等效電路RowDriversColumnDriver40第四十页，共90页。ArrangementofColorFilterRGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRBGRGBRBGRBGRGBRBGRBGRGBRBGRGGBRGGBRGGBRGGBRGWBRGWBRGWBRGWBStripeTriangle41第四十一页，共90页。PixelStructureofTFTLCDs42第四十二页，共90页。CsonCommon與CsonGate架構液晶畫素TFTGateLineDataLineCsCs液晶畫素TFTCommonCommonGateLineDataLineCsCsCsonCommonCsonGate43第四十三页，共90页。TimingChartofTFTLCDsFrameTimeGate123NTime44第四十四页，共90页。TFTLCDsDrivingMethodColumnInversionDotInversionRowInversionFrameInversion45第四十五页，共90页。DirectDrivingofTFTLCDsDCBiasofCommonGrayScaleVoltageV0V1V2V3V4V5V6V7V7V6V5V4V3V2V1V01Frame/1Line46第四十六页，共90页。ACModulationAddressingofTFTLCDsV0V1V2V3V4V5V6V7V7V6V5V4V3V2V1V0CommonWaveformGraylevelVoltage1Frame/1Line47第四十七页，共90页。TFTLCDs的電光效應

DirectAddressing48第四十八页，共90页。TFTLCDs的電光效應

ACAddressing49第四十九页，共90页。TFTLCDsDrivingWaveform

CsonCommon(一)TFTLCD驅動波形(CsonCommon,Common=DCBias)50第五十页，共90页。TFTLCDsDrivingWaveform

CsonCommon(二)51第五十一页，共90页。TFTLCDsDrivingWaveform

CsonGate52第五十二页，共90页。TFT電容效應的影響PixelCgdCgsCsdCsdbCsdb53第五十三页，共90页。液晶電容的效應液晶電容CLC

會隨液晶作用電壓的改變而變化，因此在驅動液晶時會有殘存的DC成份，其所造成的影響：ImageSticking.PictureFlicker.液晶作用電壓大時，液晶分子趨向平行電場方向排列：液晶作用電場小時，液晶分子趨向垂直電場方向排列：54第五十四页，共90页。二階驅動方式的效應CsClcCgdCsdCgsVctCh(N-1)Ch(N)Vs垂直影像訊號水平掃描訊號Vg水平掃描訊號VgVshVslVstVthVth正極性驅動負極性驅動負極性驅動正極性驅動資料驅動晶片輸出訊號電位液晶畫素電位Vct=Vst-ΔVpΔVpBlack(+)White(+)White(+)Black(+)Black(-)Black(-)White(-)White(-)55第五十五页，共90页。TFT補償驅動法Ch(N-1)Ch(N)Vst=Vct影像訊號波形Vs水平脈波掃描波形VgeVgeVghlCh(N-1)Ch(N)Vst影像訊號波形VsVge(+)Vge(-)VghlVghl3LevelAddressing4LevelAddressing56第五十六页，共90页。3LevelAddressingB(+)W(-)B(-)W(+)正極性負極性Vst=VctB(+)B(-)W(+)W(-)B(+)W(-)B(-)W(+)ΔVp=CgdVghl/Ct正極性負極性正極性Ct=Cs+Clc+Cgd負極性CsVge/CtCsVge/Ct57第五十七页，共90页。4LevelAddressingVst=VctB(+)B(-)B(-)B(+)W(+)W(+)W(-)W(-)B(+)W(-)B(-)W(+)ΔVp(+)ΔVp(-)ΔVp=CgdVghl/CtCsVge(-)/CtCsVge(+)/Ct正極性負極性正極性負極性Ct=Cs+Clc+Cgd58第五十八页，共90页。CsonGate電壓補償方式經由Cs將前一條水平脈波的補償波形耦合到動作的液晶畫素,補償Cgd造成的電壓漂移及改善液晶畫素內的直流電電壓殘餘.經由TFT的Cgd造成的電壓漂移經由TFT的Cgd造成的電壓漂移59第五十九页，共90页。ComparsionofAddressingMethod60第六十页，共90页。HorizontalLineCrosstalkABCscCscCscTFTSubstrateColorFilterSubstrate61第六十一页，共90页。HorizontalAreaCrosstalkAB62第六十二页，共90页。VerticalAreaCrosstalkUpLowUpLow63第六十三页，共90页。ShadingCrosstalk64第六十四页，共90页。GatePulse的傳遞延遲Gate(Scan)Line的等效阻抗為一連串的串聯RC網路，因此GatePulse在傳遞時會造成波形的傳遞延遲失真。RCRCRCRCN65第六十五页，共90页。液晶畫素邊際電場效應(一)ReverseTilt畫素電極鄰近電極共通電極VPVLVAVA<VL:DisclinationAppearedVA

>VL:DisclinationDisappearedVP>LCThresholdVoltageReverseTilt66第六十六页，共90页。液晶畫素邊際電場效應(二)TFT水平驅動電極垂直驅動電極RubbingDirectionDisclinationLineReverseTiltDomain改善方法1.增加液晶分子的預傾角(PretiltAngle)2.增加BlackMask的遮蔽面積67第六十七页，共90页。驅動IC－ScanDriverBidirectionalShiftRegisterLevelShiftCircuitOutputBufferG1G2G3………...STVRSTVLCPVR/LVDDDVSSDVDDAVSSASTVRSTVLG1G2Gx68第六十八页，共90页。SerialIn－SerialOut

AnalogDataDriverSelectDatajDataj+1MultiplexerPro:Verysimple.Fewerexternalconnections.Con:Manyanaloginputs.Reducedpixelchargingtime.SystemNote:Sampleclock:(Dotclock)/N,NPhases.VideoPhase:NShiftRegisterVideoInQiQi+1VariationonMultiplexerPro:VideoInput.Con:Fastdatalinechargingneeded.Reducedpixelchargingtime.SystemNote:ShiftClock:(DotClock)/3forMono.VideoPhase:3forMono.SampleandHold69第六十九页，共90页。SerialIn－ParallelOut

AnalogDataDriver(一)ShiftRegisterQiQi+1Qi+2Qi+3VideoInTransferDoubleSampleandHold/SinglePhaseSampleNSampleN+1SampleN+2TTTNN+1N+2OutN-1OutNOutN+1Pro:VideoInput.Smallloadonfastsample-and-holds.Fulllinetimetochargepixel.Con:Complexanalogcircuit.Physicalsize.SystemNote:ShiftClock:DotClock.VideoPhase:SinglePhase.70第七十页，共90页。SerialIn－ParallelOut

AnalogDataDriver(二)ShiftRegisterQiQi+1VideoInTransferDoubleSampleandHold/Multi-PhasePor:Reducedoperationfrequency.SystemNote:VideoIn:NVideoPhase:NShiftClock:(DotClock)/N.71第七十一页，共90页。DigitalDataDriver(一)ShiftRegisterDACDACDACDACDACSerialDataBusDigital-to-analogConvertersPor:Digitalinput.Con:Complex.RequiressufficientprecisiontocorrectforLCresponsevariation.ShiftRegisterCountCountCountCountCountRampInSampledRampPor:Digitalinput.Programmableramp.Con:Complexcircuit.Highspeeddigitalcircuits.Reducedpixelchargingtime.72第七十二页，共90页。DigitalDataDriver(二)ShiftRegisterDecodeDecodeExternalFixedvoltages1-of-nSelectorSimpleDACPro:Digitalinput.Programmableexternalvoltages.Con:Complexcircuit.Highspeeddigitalcircuits.Manypassgatesperdataline.73第七十三页，共90页。DigitalDataDriver(三)AllDigitalCircuit74第七十四页，共90页。GammaCorrectionofLCDXY取像元件取像電路顯像電路顯像元件攝像機測受像機測AnalogCorrection:2~3SegmentApproach.DigitalCorrection:Externalfixedvoltage.75第七十五页，共90页。GammaCorrection

SimpleCaseXY取像元件取像電路顯像電路顯像元件攝像機測受像機測TransmissionVoltage76第七十六页，共90页。TheBlockDiagramoftheTFTLCDModuleCCFLBacklightTFT-LCDPANELTimingControllerScanDriverDataDriverRGBCLKHsxVsxTFTLCDModule77第七十七页，共90页。TheTFTLCDModuleTypeClassifiedintotwokindsbydatadriverAnalogtypeTFT-LCDmoduleTheanalogdatadriversTheanaloginterfacetoPCOnlyNECDigitaltypeTFT-LCDmoduleThedigitaldatadriversTheADC/LVDS/PanelLinkinterfacetoPCMainstream78第七十八页，共90页。TheAnalogInterfaceGraphicsControllerTFT-LCDPANELTimingControllerScanDriverAnalogDataDriverHsVsAnalogRGBAnalogRGBCLKHsxVsxPreAmpLevelShifterControllerPLLPCAnalogModuleTFTLCDModuleOSDCCFLBacklight79第七十九页，共90页。TheADCInterfaceGraphicsControllerTFT-LCDPANELTimingControllerScanDriverDigitalDataDriverHsVsAnalogRGBDigitalRGBCLKHsxVsxADCBufferControllerPLLPCADCModuleTFTLCDModuleOSDCCFLBacklight80第八十页，共90页。TheLVDS/PanelLinkInterfaceGraphicsControllerLVDS/PanelLinkTxLVDS/PanelLinkRxTFT-LCDPANELTimingControllerScanDriverCABLEClockHsVsDigitalRGBDigitalRGBClockHsVsPCTFT-LCDModuleDigitalDataDriverCCFLBacklight81第八十一页，共90页。Analog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLinkAnalogInterfaceTrueColorSamplingErrorLowEdgeSharpnessNoiseintheAnalogSignalTransmission82第八十二页，共90页。Analog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLinkADCInterfaceMainstreamintheDesktopLCDMonitorInterfaceSamplingErrorLowEdgeSharpnessNoiseintheAnalogSignalTransmissionEMIIssueforHighResolutionFormatLowImageQualityandHighCost83第八十三页，共90页。Analog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLinkLVDSInterfaceMainstreamintheNotebookPCInterfa