考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷631

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷631

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共2。题，每题

分,共20分。）

Theintroductionofnon-indigenous"exotic"speciesisnowseenasamajorthreat（o

biodiversity.In1825,aparticularlyvigorousfemalecloneofiiadori（calledJapanese

knotweed）wasintroducedintoHollandandlaterdistributedthroughoutEuropeby（he

plantcollectorandnurseryman.VonSeibokl.Britishgardenersloveditandby1886it

wasevenfoundgrowingoncindertipsinSouthWales.Bytheturnof20thcentury,the

planthadcolonizedmanyothersites,andgardenerswereadvisedagainstplantingitin

shrubberies.By1994,itwasalmosteverywhere—railways,riversides,hedgerows,

cemeteries—swampingawiderangeofhabitatsanddisplacingrarespecies.Botanists's

fearsthattheplantistillspreadingandmayyetcolonizeothernewhabitatshave

generatedrecentattemptstoeradicateitbymechanicalandchemicalmethods,allinvain

asyet.TheevidencestackedagainstJapaneseknotweedisdamning.Butthereisadeep

anxietythatbehindthedesiretocorrecthumanecologicalcook-ups-oftenmanifestasa

passiontosaveendangeredspeciesandvulnerableecosystemsisathinlydisguised

xenophobia;（hatwearesimplyseeingyetanotherformofecologicalimperialismwhich

defineswhatis"natural"basedonhumanpreferences.Butwhateverourreactionto

"problem"oralienspeciesis,itmustinvolvemoraldecisions.Andwhoshouldmake

suchdecisionsandtowhatdegreetheyareaccountablemustalsobeupforreview.The

conclusionsofscientistsandothersectionsofsocietymaydiffervastlyaboutwhattodo

abouttheintroducedanimalsandplantsthathavebecomeacommonfeatureofeveryday

life.Forexample,theschemetocontrolrabbitsinAustraliabydeliberatelyspreadingthe

diseasemyxomatosiswasasuccessinthathugenumbersofrabbitswerewipedoutfor

thegreatergood—the"health"ofAustralianecosystems.Butwouldinflictingsuchan

horrificallyslowagonizingdeathonsentientcreatureswinpopularsupportifitwere

proposedtoday?Scientistsofbiodiversityarehytheirverynatureconcernedwiththe

organizationofspeciesintosystemsandnotnecessarilywithiheinterestsandwell-being

ofindividual,particularlythosethatareseenasathreattothemaintenanceofthose

systems.Yetthereisagrowingfeelingfbrthedemocratizationofdecisionsconcerning

nonhumanlife.Themovementtowardsenvironmentalvaluesmustsurelyinvolvea

movementawayfromimperialismandasearchfbrarelationshipwithnatureasittruly

is,ratherthanaswewoulddesignit.Then,whenourlawnshavelongdisappeared,we

mayyetcometohonorthehumbledandelion.

1、BotanistshavegeneratedattemptsJoremovetheJapaneseknotweedbecause.

A^itthreatensthelocalbiodiversity

itisregardedasexotic

C、it'ssovigorousastospreadeverywhere

D、itchecksotherplants,growth

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。文章第一段的主题句是：一些外来物种对生物多样性造成了

威胁。作者以日本蓼科杂草为例来支持这一论点.故正确答案为A项。

2、Intheauthor'sopinion,theattempttoeradicatetheJapaneseknotweed.

A、isworthyofpraises

B、reflectspeople'sdesiretoprotectecologicalbiodiversity

C、showspeople'spassiontosaveendangeredspeciesandvulnerableecosystems

D、isresultedfrompeople'sprejudice

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。第一段中作者讨论了人们普遍接受的一种观点，而第二段中

作者提出了由此问题引出的思考和自己的看法一日本蓼科杂草的命运反映了人们

为维护本地生物多样性而表现出一种排外的心理。人们按照自己的喜好来维护那些

所谓“自然的"东西。即答案为D项。

3、Whatdoestheword"xenophobia"(Para.2)mean?

A、Theecologicaldisorders.

B、Thepassiontosavetheendangeredecosystem.

C、Theecologicalimperialism.

D、Thefearforalienspecies.

标准答案：D

知识点解析:含义题。根捱第一、二段中的信息，Theintroductionofnon-

indigenous^exotic^species,anotherformofecologicalimperialism和natural等多处线

索可推测xenophobia意为:排外主义，仇外。故D项符合题意。

4、Asfbrwhat(odoaboutalienspecies,theauthorthinks.

A^whoshouldmakesuchdecisionsisopentodoubt

B、thedecisionsshouldbebasedonscientists*conclusions

C、decisionmakingshouldinvolvemorepeopleotherthanscientists

D、it'smorallyunacceptabletoeradicateallalienspecies

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。文章第三、四段中，作者对如何对待外来物种提出了自己的

看法。如在第三段中，作者指出谁应该做出这样的决定以及他们对这样的问题应该

负责的程度也必须被重新认识(Andwhoshouldmakesuchdecisionsandtowhat

degreetheyareaccountablemustalsobeupforreview.)。第四段中作者更加明确地

指出决策民主化的观点(Yetthereisagrowingfeelingforthedemocratizationof

decisionsconcerningnonhumanlife.)。故正确答案为C项。

5、Whichofthefollowingfactsistrue?

A^Toeliminatealienspeciesfbrthesakeoftheindigenousonesisjustifiable.

B、Thefeelingforhumanmakingdemocraticdecisionsonotherspeciesisincreasing

C、People'sattitudestowardsalienspeciesinvolveeconomicconsiderations.

Humanhavetodesignnaturetoprotectbiodiversity.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。根据文章最后一段中Yetthereisagrowingfeelingfor(he

democratizationofdecisionsconcerningnonhumanlife可知,B项正确。

Humansarehavingahardenoughtimecopingwiththenaturalvariabilityinour

environment,whichcausesdisasterssuchasheatwaves,wildfiresandfloods.Waiting

withoutactionsmakesallthreeofthoseproblems—andmanymore—worse.Thatwas

theseriouswarningfromtheworld'sscientificcommunitylastweek,inthelatestreport

fromtheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)TheU.N.-chartcrcdbody

produceditsfirstcomprehensivereportsince2007ontheclimatechanges.Therearc

somethingsthescientistsareveryconfidentwillhappeninawarmingworldoverthe

nextcentury.Sealevelswillrise,threateningcoastalcitiesandlow-lyingnations.Island

statescouldgethitveryhard.Thereareprobablygoingtoberelativelymoreextremely

hotdays(hanextremelycoldones,andfbod-borneillnesseswillprobablyincrease.But

partoftheriskofclimatechangeis(hatscientistsdon'thaveacrystalballtoforetellhow,

exactly,(heenvironmentwillrespondtorisingtemperatures,andtheyaretryingto

predicteffectsoverthecourseofdecades.Theexpertsanticipatethatforestscoulddieoff

andthatwetlandandrainforestecosystemscouldcrumble.Theyanticipateeffectson

watersystemsjustabouteverywhere:morefloodinginmanyplaces,lesswaterindry

areas,morehumidityinhibitinghumanlaborinwetterclimes.Therecouldalsobesome

positiveeffectsforsome,theexpertsnote.Theypredictfewerdeathsduetocold,but

moreduetoheat.Someareasoftheplanet,particularlyinhigherlatitudes,mightbecome

morefertile.Butlowercropyieldselsewherewilloutweighthosebenefits.Indeed,the

planet'sgreenlandsalongtheequatormightbemuchworseoff.Thescientists,fbr

example,predictthatfishandotheraquaticlifewillfleeelsewhereasoceantemperatures

change.And,ofcourse,therecouldbeeffects,goodandbad,thattheexpertsaren't

anticipating.Thatshouldn'tbecomforting.Theexpertsleavelittledoubtabouttheright

B、Areasinhigherlatitudesmaybecomemoresuitablefbrplants,growth.

C、Plantsinlowerlatitudesmaygrowevenmoreluxuriant.

D、Citiesindryareaswillhaveenoughwaterresource.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第五段。［tlSomeareasofthe

planet,particularlyinhigherlatitudes,mighlbecomemorefertile可知，B项“高纬度

地区将更适宜植物的生长”为正确答案。

Whatdoesthelastparagraphimply?

A^Humanbeingsarevulnerablegroupsintheworld.

B、Humanbeingshavenoabilitytoreduceemissions.

C、Humanbeingsarcpreparingforthecoiningrisks.

D、Pollutionsmaybethemajorcauseofclimatechange.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段。根据…theright

response：Cutpollutiontoheadofftheworstpossibleconsequences可知，减少污染可

以阻止最坏结果的发生，故可推断D项“污染可能是气候变化的主因”为正确答

案。

1。、Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A、Climatechangehascausedgreatdamagetomostcountriesintheworld.

B、Tostopclimatechangewillgreatlyimprovethedevelopmentoftheworld.

C、Itisurgentforhumanbeingstotakemeasurestopreventclimatechange.

D、Humanbeingsshouldbuildman-madehighlands(oavoidfloods.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。通读全文后可知：文章前两段在沪人类正艰难地应对环境变

化带来的问题；第三、四、五段介绍了气候变化将会带来的各种灾难；最后一段，

引用专家的观点表明，减少污染可阻止可能出现的最坏后果，并指出，延迟行动会

减少世界的选择及人类应对灾难的时间，并号召人类采取行动，应对气候变化。因

此，文章的主题是要号召人类共同抵制气候变化。由此判断，C项“人类采取行动

阻止气候变化已迫在眉睫”符合题意。

Aunion-backedcampaignconductedscatteredprotestsandemployeewalkoutsatfast­

foodchainsin60citiesinanefforttorampuppressureforincreasedwageswhile

organizersarequietlyworkingtocreateunionstorepresentfast-foodworkers.The

impactandsizeofThursday'sprotestswasdifficulttogauge.Spokesmenfortheprotests*

organizersestimatedthattheyinvolvedL000fast-foodoutlets,andsomeotherretailers,

suchasdepartmentstores,andclaimedthatwalkoutsshutdownsomerestaurants.

McDonald'sCorp,andWendy'sCo.saidtheprotestshadminimaleffectsonoperations

andthattheywereunawareofanyshutdowns.AtmiddayThursdayindowntown

Chicago,oneofthecitiestargeted,severaloutletsofbothchainsseemedundisturbed.

PeopleprotestedoutsideoneChicagoMcDonald'sforabout45minutes;arestaurant

employeereachedbyphone,whodidn'twanttobeidentified,saidnoneoftheprotesters

wereemployedthere.BurgerKingWorldwideInc.didn'trespondiorequestsfor

comment.Workersmarchingoutsidefast-foodrestaurantshavecalledforthechainsto

increasewagesto$15anhour-wagesnowcanbeaslowasthenationalminimumof

$7.25anhourandtoallowa"fairprocess"tojoinaunion.Therestaurantcompaniessay

theypayfairandcompetitivewagesandthatincreasesofthatsizewouldforceownersto

cutstaff.Previousstrikeshavetargetedfast-foodchainsinmorethanadozencitiesfrom

NewYorktoSeattle.Thechainshavesaidthosestrikesalsodidn'tcausesignificant

disruptions.Butthemomentumofdemonstrationsisunusualinanindustrywhere

organizinghasbeendifHcullbecauseofhighemployeeturnover.Theprotestscomeas

theServiceEmployeesInternationalUnioninrecentmonthshashelpedestablishanew

unioninatleastsixcitieswheretheunionandcommunityadvocacygroupshavebeen

organizingfastfoodstrikes,accordingtoorganizersanddocumentsfiledinrecent

monthswiththeLaborDepartment.ThecitiesincludeNewYork,ChicagoandSt.Louis.

SEIUofficialsandmembersofnonunioncommunitygroupsarelistedasofficersofthose

unions."Fast-foodworkersneedaunionandwe'reproudtohelpthemgetitstarted,"said

KendallFells,listedaspresidentofaNewYork-basedunioncalledtheFastFood

WorkersCommitteeondocumentsfiledwiththeLaborDepartmentinFebruary.

11、Accordingtothespokesmenfbrtheprotests5organizers,thewalkouts.

A、makelotsofrestaurantssuspendoperations

B、involvemanyfast-foodshops

C、causesigmiicantdisruptions

D、succeedinincreasingpressureontheemployers

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段最后一句。第一段.主要说明快

餐行业员工大罢工的原因和意图。最后一句意为“抗议活动组织方的发言人估计，

这些活动涉及1000家快餐门店，还有百货商店等其他一些零售商，并说罢工行动

导致一些餐馆关闭”。由此可知，B项“牵扯到许多家快餐店”，符合题意，为正确

答案。

12、Itcanheinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat.

A^thewagesofwuikcisaiclowerthaniialionaliniiiiinuiiiwages

B、theprotestersaskfortherightstotakepartinlaborunionfreely

C、theemployeesandemployershavedifferentopinionsonwages

D、theemployerswillcutstuffinthefuture

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段。第三段主要说明雇主和工人

在工资方面存在极大分歧。员工觉得工资过低，而雇主认为目前的工资水平是公正

合理的，并且员工一味要求涨工资，最终会导致雇主裁员，损害员工自己的利益。

由此可知C项“员工和雇主对工资有不同的看法”，符合题意，为正确答案。

13、Themomentumofdemonstrationsinfast-foodindustryisunusualbecause.

A^it'sdifficulttoorganizeemployees

B、it'sdifficulttostrikeatthesametime

C、thescaleofthestrikeislarge

D^theemployeeturnoverishigh

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段。第四段是对这次罢工的一个

评价。此段最后一句为“但这一行业出现游行势头不同寻常，由于员工流动率高，

组织游行示威一直很难由此可知，D项“员工流动率高”，符合题意，为正确答

案。

14、Theword"advocacy"(Para.5)mostlymeans.

A^support

B、promotion

C^motivation

D^stimulation

标准答案：A

知识点解析：含义题。根据题干关键词定位到第五段theunionandcommunity

advocacygroupshavebeenorganizingfast-fbodstrikes...,可见communityadvocacy

groups和union(匚会)所起的作用类似，都在组织罢工。advocacy意为“支持，拥

护"，communityadvocacygroups直译是“社区拥护组织“，可灵活译为“社区宣传组

织”，故A项为正确答案“

15、Itcanheconcludedfromthetextthat.

A、Unityisstrength

B、Bloodwillhaveblood

C、Romewasnotbuiltinaday

D^Differentstandpointdecidesdifferentperspective

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。本题属于主旨推断题，需要从整体上把握文章大意。本文主

要讲述了美国一场由工会支持的多家城市的快餐店员参与的罢工活动。文章分别从

员工和雇主的不同角度对此次罢工进行了评价。读完全文，我们不难发现，在对待

工资和此次罢工方面，雇主和员工、工会的看法存在巨大分歧，由此可知D项•,立

场不同，观点也不同”符合上述意思，故为正确答案。

ItisgettinghardertogoanywherewithoutsteppingonapieceofLego-relatedhype.The

LegoMovieisnumbertwoattheAmericanboxoffice,afterthreeweeksatnumberone.

Modelkitsrelatedtothefilmarepiledhighintheshops.Theywilladdtothealready

giganticheapofLegobits:86foreverypersonontheplanet.Thetoymakerhasenjoyed

tenyearsofspectaculargrowth,almostquadruplingitsrevenue.Thisisremarkablefor

manyreasons.Lego'shometown,BillundinruralDenmark,issosmallthatthecompany

hadtoprovideitwithahotel—anelegantone,unsurprisingly.Thetoybusinessisoneof

theworld'strickiest:perenniallyfaddishand,atthemoment,convulsedbytechnological

innovation.Childrenarcgrowingupeverfaster,andabandon.ngthephysicalworldfor

thevirtual.Tocapitall,thecompanyalmostcollapsedin2003-2004,havingdriftedfor

years,diversifyingintotoomanyareas,producingtoomanyproducts.Lego'sdecadeof

successbeganwhenitappointedJorgenVigKnudstorpaschiefexecutive.Mr.

Knudstorpdecreedthatthecompanymustgobacktothebrick:focusingonitscore

products,forgettingaboutbrand-stretching,andevensellingitsthemeparks.Healso

broughtinstrictermanagementcontrols,forexamplereducingthenumberofdifferent

pieces(hatthecompanyproducedfrom12.900to7,000.UnderMr.KnudstorpLegohas

struckasuccessfulbalancebetweeninnovationandtradition.Thecompanyhas(o

generatenewideastokeepitssalesgrowing:customersneedareason(oexpandtheir

stockofbricks,andtobuythemfromLegoratherthancheaperrivals.Legoproducesa

streamofkitswithready-madedesigns,suchasfortsandspaceships,toprovidechildren

withtemplates.Butitalsoinsiststhatthepiecescanbeaddedtothechild'scollectionof

bricks,andreusedtomakeallsortsofotherthings.Legohasgotbetteratmanagingits

relationships.TheLegoMoviedemonstrateshowitcanfocusonthebrickwhile

venturingintothevirtualworld:WarnerBros,madethefilmwhileLegoprovidedthe

models.Ithasalsogotbetterattappingitslegionoffans—particularlyadultfansof

Lego,orAFOLs—fornewideas.Legoisnowataninflectionpoint,buildingits

organisationalcapacityandembracingglobalisation,tohelpi【findnewsourcesof

growth.Theaimistwofold:toreplicatein(herapidlygrowingeastLego'ssuccessinthe

west;andtotransformalocalcompanythathappenedtogoglobalintoaglobalcompany

thathappens(ohaveitsheadofficeinBillund.

16、Thefirstparagraphisusedtodemonstrate

A、thepervasivenessofLcgo-rclatcdhype

B、thepopularityofTheLegoMovie

C、thegiganticheapofLegobits

D^thespectaculargrowthofLego

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。根捱题干关犍词定位到第一段。本段简要介绍了乐高公司的

成就。作者通过这些是想说明乐高公司的玩具如今有多么流行，乐高公司取得的成

就有多么了不起，因此D项“乐高的惊人增长”是作者的真正目的。故D项为正确

答案。

17、Lego'ssuccessisremarkableforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTth