考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷284

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷284

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

Fordecades,ferryboatscrossedthecoldwatersofMichigan'sStraitsofMackinac,

shuttlingpeopleandvehiclesbetweenthetwohalvesofthesplit-upstate.Sincethe

1880s,Michiganresidentsdreamedofabridgethatwouldspanthe4-milegapbetween

MackinawCityandSt.Ignace,anareathatlimitedtourisminMackinacIslandand

disturbedcommerceintheremoteUpperPeninsula.Becauseconstructionwouldbehard,

withhighwindsandharshwinters,someengineerssuggestedafloatingtunneloraseries

ofsmallbridgesinstead.But,bythe1940s,withlinesforferryboatssometimes

stretchingfbr16miles,theideaofonecontinuousspanwonout.Andwhataspanit

turnedouttobe.Fivemileslong,the"MightyMac,'1whichopenedtotrafficonNov.1,

1957,wastobecometheworld'slongestsuspensionbridgebetweencableanchorages.

Eventoday,itremainsthelongestsuspensionbridgeintheWesternHemisphereandihe

third-longestbridgeintheworld.DesignedbyengineerDavidB.Steinman,thebridge

wasbuiltinjustthreeyears,ontimeandonbudget.Thatwasaremarkablefeatinitself.

Butthechallengesweresogreat-33ofthebridge's34pieceshadtobebuiltunder

water-thatfiveworkersperishedduringconstruction.Onemandieddiving,onefellina

caissonwhilewelding,anotherdrowned,andtwofellfromacatwalk.Thebridgehas

seenmanytragediessince.OnSept.10,1978,threeNationalGuardofficersinaprivate

planegotlostinathickfbgandcrashedintothecablesofthenorthtower.In1989,a

womanwaskilledwhengalelorcewinds—andherexcessivespeed—liftedher1987

Yugointotheair,sendingit150feetintothewater.Andin1997,asportutilityvehicle

tooktheplunge.Althoughauthoritiesbelievedthelatterincidenttohavebeenasuicide,

thebridgedoesnotattractjumperstheway,forinstance,theGoldenGatedoes.In1977,

LawrenceRubinoftheMackinacBridgeAuthoritysharedhistheoryonthelackof

IcapcrswiththeDetroitNews:"Peoplewhocommitsuicidelikeattention.Butit's

peacefulhere...youcouldjumpoffthisbridge,anditmighttakeyearsbeforeanybody

foundout."Thebridgeauthorityacknowledgesthattheprospectofsuchexcitementmay

beoverwhelmingforsome,whichiswhyitoffersfreeescortsforgephyrobiacs—people

withafearofcrossingbridges.Eachyear,hundredsofdriverstakeadvantageofthe

service.

1、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,Michigan'sStraitsofMackinac

A-.realizedMichiganresidents'dreamtohaveabridge.

B、becameatouristattractioninMackinacIsland.

C、depressedtheferryserviceintheStateofMichigan.

D、blockedthedevelopmentofcommerceinUpperPeninsula,

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段。其中讲到密歇根麦基诺水道限

制了麦基诺岛旅游业的发展并阻碍了与遥远的上半岛之间的商贸往来，故D项正

确。

2、Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthereasonforbuildingacontinuousspanisthat

A、theconstructionwasdangerousbecauseofsevereweather.

B、theengineerswantedtobuildthelongestsuspensionbridge.

C、buildingafloatingtunneloraseriesofbridgeswasimpossible.

D、ferryboatscoveredtoomanypointlessmilesandwastedtime.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题。考查因果细节；根据conlinuousspan定位在第二段。该

段说明由于渡船的航线有时延长至16英里，因此建设一座连续的跨桥这一想法最

终脱颖而出，故D项与之相符。

3、Thetragedyoffiveconstructionworkersiscitedtoprovethat

A、thebridgeisaremarkablefeatinitself.

B、thebridgehasseenmanytragedies.

C、challengestobuildthebridgeweretremendous.

D、theauthorityemployedunqualifiedworkers.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题，考查例证细节。根据iragedy定位到第三段。其中讲述

的大桥意外都是为了突出说明虽然它是一件了不起的杰作，但在其建设过程中遇到

的挑战也是巨大的，故C项正确。

4、UnderLawrenceRubin'stheory,

A、theGoldenGateBridgeisthebestplaceforsuicide.

B、theMackinacBridgeismuchsaferthantheGoldenGate.

C、theMackinacBridgeistoopeacefulforsuicides.

D、theMackinacBridgeisnotfrequentlyusedbythepublic.

标准答案：c

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据LawrenceRubin定位到第四段。其中解释了麦基

诺大桥不像其他大桥那么吸引坠桥自杀者的原因，即想要自杀的人希望引起人们的

注意，但麦基诺大桥这儿太平静了，故C项正确。

5、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefreeescortsprovidedbythebridge

authority?

A^Itdoesnogoodtothepeoplewithgephyrobiacs.

B>Ilicducestheexcileineiitofcrossingdiebridge.

C^Itmakesthebridgeasaferplacethanotherbridges.

D、Itiswell-intentionedbutmisusedbysomepeople.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：观点态度题。根据freeescorts定位到第五段。其中讲到，大桥官方

机构免费为害怕过桥的人提供护送队，但是每年上百名大桥护送队司机都会乘机利

用这项服务谋取私利，故D项与之相符。

Whenitcametomoral"reasoning,"weliketothinkourviewsonrightandwrongare

rational,butultimatelytheyarcgroundedinemotion.Philosophershavearguedoverthis

claimforaquarterofamillenniumwithoutresolution.Time'sup!Nowscientistsarmed

withbrainscannersaresteppingintosettlethematter.Thoughreasoncanshapemoral

judgment,emotionisoftendecisive.HarvardpsychologistJoshuaGreenedoesbrain

scansofpeopleastheypondertheso-calledtrolleyproblem.Supposeatrolleyisrolling

downthetracktowardfivepeoplewhowilldieunlessyoupullaleverthatdivertsitonto

anothertrack—where,unfortunately,liesonepersonwhowilldieinstead.Aneasycall,

mostpeoplesay:minimizingthelossoflife—a"utilitarian"goal,asphilosophersputit—

istherightthingtodo.Butsupposetheonlywaytosavethefivepeopleistopush

someoneelseontothetrack—abystanderwhosebodywillbringthetrolleytoahalt

beforeithitstheothers.It'sstillaone-for-fiveswap,andyoustillinitiatetheactionthat

doomstheone-butnowyouaremoredirectlyinvolved;mostpeoplesayitwouldbe

wrongtodothisdeal.Why?AccordingtoGreene'sbrainscans,thesecondscenariomore

thoroughlyexcitespartsofthebrainlinkedtoemotionthandoesthelever-pulling

scenario.Apparentlytheintuitiveaversiontogivingsomeoneadeadlypushisstronger

thantheaversiontoadeadlyleverpull,burtherstudiessuggestthatinbothcasesthe

emotionalaversioncompetesforcontrolwithmorerationalpartsofthebrain.Inthe

secondscenariotheemotionsareusuallystrongenoughtowin.Andwhentheylose,itis

onlyafteratoughwrestlingmatch.Thefewpeoplewhoapproveofpushinganinnocent

manontothetrackstakelongertoreachtheirdecision.Sotoowithpeoplewhoapprove

ofsmotheringacryingbabyratherthancatchingtheattentionofenemytroopswho

wouldthenkillthebabyalongwithotherinnocents.PrincetonphilosopherPeterSinger

arguesthatwcshouldrc-examincourmoralintuitionsandaskwhetherthatlogicmerits

respectinthefirstplace.Whyobeymoralimpulsesthatevolvedtoservethe"selfish

gene1'一suchassympathythatmovestowardkinandfriends?Whynotwonymoreabout

peopleanoceanawaywhosesufferingwccouldcheaplyalleviate?Isn'titbettertosave

10starvingAfricanbabiesthantokeepyour90-year-o^dfatheronlifesupport?Singer's

radicallyutilitarianbrandofmoralphilosophyhasitsworkcutoutforit.Intheabsence

ofarduouscranialwrestlingmatches,reasonmayindeedbe"slaveofthepassions."

6、FromthefirstIwoparagraphs,wecanlearnthat

A、moral"reasoning"isactuallybasedonreason,notonemotion.

B、philosophershaveresolvedthedilemmabetweenreasonandemotion.

C、emotionplaysamoreimportantrolethanreasoninmoraljudgment.

D、mostphilosopherspursuetheutilitariangoalinthetrolleyproblem.

标准答案：C

知识点脑析：推理判断题。答案在第一、二段里。转折信号词though往往标志着

重要信息的出现，文中提到尽管理性可以形成道德判断，但情感往往起着决定性作

用，故排除A选C项。

7、ThewordHswap"(Line3,Paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto

A、change.

gamble.

C、exchange.

D、choice.

标准答案：c

知识点解析：词义推断题。此题还同时考查了考生对指代词的理解和把握，It在该

句指代前一句所描述的情况，即牺牲旁观者使电车停下以挽救另外5个人的性命，

故swap有交换的意思，选C项。

X、ItisstatedinParagraph4thatthosewhosupportpushingthebystandertostopthe

trolley

A、arebrutalandrelentless.

B、displaythesameemotionalaversion.

C、feelguiltyaboutdoingthat.

D、havestruggledtomakethedecision.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题。第四段提到支持将旁观者推人轨道的人要花更长的时间

做决定，故选D项。

9、PeterSingerseemstosuggestthat

A、weshouldcastawayourlogicandrespectemotioninthefirstplace.

B、weshouldnotonlyconcernaboutourselvesbutstarthelpeachother.

C、peoplewholiveinabundanceshouldgiveahandtothoseinpoverty.

D、weshouldcutofflifesupportfortheoldtoachievetheutilitariangoals.

标准答案：c

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据PeterSinger定位到第五段。彼得・辛格提出的一连

审反问强调了处于强势地位的人们因注意在做道德判断时不被情感奴役，避免私

心，从而能够帮助更多的弱势群体，故选C项。

10、Thetextintendstotellusthat

A、emotionplaysthedecisiverolewhenwemakemoraljudgment.

thestrugglebetweenreasonandemotionisanantiquetopic.

C>wcalwaysstruggletomakelifeanddeathdecisionsinourlife.

D、emotionismoreimportantandinfluentialinourlifethanisreason.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：主旨大意题。主旨大意一般出现在文章的开头或者结尾处，该篇文章

开门见山讲明情感在道德判断中起决定性作用，故选A项。

Thosedaysarelonggonewhenplacingatelephonecallmeantsimplypickingupthe

receiverandaskingtheoperatortopatchyouthrough.Moderncellphonesrequireusers

tonavigateaseriesofmenustofindnumbers,placecallsorcheckmessages.Eventhe

mosttech-savvymaytakeweekstodiscoversomeofthemoremysteriousmultimedia

functions.Imaginethedifficultyforsomeoneunabletoread.Thatisthechallengefor

mobilecommunicationscompaniesaimingtobranchoutintodevelopingcountries.The

prospectsseenfromthelastdecadearcalluring:onlyaboutonetenthofIndia's

populationusecellphones.Butsellingtopoorruralareasisnotlikelytohappenwitha

marketingversionof"plugandplay."Mostpotentialbuyershavelittleexposureto

anythingotherthansimpleelectronics.Readingthroughaseriesofhierarchicalmenus

andpushingbuttonsformultiplepurposeswouldbenewconceptsforsuchcustomers.To

comeupwithasuitabledevice,Motorolareliedonateamofanthropologists,

psychologistsanddesignerstostudyhowtextuallyilliteratevillagersusetheiraging

televisions,tapeplayersandphones.Theresearchersnoticedthattheirsubjectswould

learneachbutton'sdedicatedfunction.Withsomethingmorecomplicated,suchasan

automatedtellermachine,userswouldmemorizeasetofbehaviorsinorder,which

allowedthemtomovethroughthemachine'sbasichierarchywithouthavingtoreadthe

menu.Theresearch,whichlastedthreeyears,ledMotorolatocraftacellularphone

slimmeddowntothreeessentialactivities:calling,managingnumbersandsimpletext

messaging.HAlotofthefunctionsinacellphonearenotusefultoanyone,"pointsout

GabrielWhite,whoheadedtheinteractivedesignteam.Theicon-basedinterfacealso

requiredthought.Notallcellphonecompaniesbelievethatadesignfornonliterateusers

shouldstartfromscratch.Nokia'sbehavioralresearchersnoticedthat"newbies"relyon

friendsandrelativestohelpthemwithbasicfunctions.Ratherthanconfrontingthe

challengeofacompletelynewinterface,Nokiachosetoprovidesomeaudiomenusinits

popular1100modelandapreviewmodesothatpeoplecouldtryoutfunctionswithout

theriskofchanginganythingimportant.Mobilephonesmayevenbecometoolsfor

literacy,predictsBJFogg,whostudiescomputer-humaninteractionatStanford

University.Phonesmightteachthealphabetortellastoryasusersreadalong."Imagine

ifiteventuallycouldunderstandyourweakpointsanddrillyouonthose,"Fogg

proposes.Andsoonenough,hedeclares,designsorilliterateuserswillleadtomore

straightforward,elegantphonesforeveryone.

11、Thedifferencebetweenmodemcellphonesandoldphonesliesinthat

A、itrequiresmoreintelligenceandeducationtousemodemcellphones.

B、ittakesmoreweekstogetfamiliarwithmodemcellphones.

C>modemcellphonesaremorecomplicatedwithmanyfunctions.

D、modemcellphonesaremoremysterioustoolsforpeople.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。答案在第一段铺该段主要就是介绍了过去的老式电话和

现代手机使用方式上的不同，突出了现代手机纷繁复杂的功能及其对用户造成的困

扰，故选C项。

12、Thesalesofmobilephonestopoorruralareasmaybeimpossibleprobablybecause

mostpotentialbuyers

A、havedifficultywithmenusofmultiplepurposes.

B、cannotacceptnewconceptsofmobilephones.

C、onlyreadmenusandpushbuttonsofsimpleelectronics.

D、donotlikethemarketingstrategyof"plugandplay".

标准答案：A

知识点解析：事实细节题，考查因果细节及转折细节。根据poorruralareas定位到

第二段，段中But信号词提示新信息出现的地方，这段内容提到一些营销策略在贫

困的农村地区行不通，因为那里的大多数潜在买家没有接触过复杂的电子产品，也

就无法理解复杂菜单和按钮操作，故选A项。

13、TheresearchesheldbyMotorolashowedthatthetextuallyilliteratevillagers

A、werewillingtouseoldmachineswithlittlefunctions.

B、hadtotakesomelessonstolearnthenewfunctions.

C^couldrememberthemajorfunctionofeachbutton.

D、wouldavoidreadingthehierarchymenusofthemachine.

标准答案：D'

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据Motorola定位到第三段。文中提到不识字的乡下

人在遇到使用复杂电器的情况时，往往按部就班记下操作流程而不看具体操作流

程，故选D项。

14、Theslangtermof"newbies"(Line2,Paragraph5)mostprobablymeans

A^newstudents.

B、newcomers.

C、newborns.

D、newwebs.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：词义推断题。原文该处提到是在亲人朋友的帮助下学会基本操作，由

此可推断newbies有“新手”之义，B项正确。

15、Foggbelievesthatthefuturemobilephonescouldnot

A、teachilliteratestolearnalphabets.

B、understandtheuser'sideasandpoints.

C^helpusersexercisetheirlanguages.

D、becomemoredirectandelegant.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：观点态度题。B项中谈到手机能了解人的想法，而文中提到的则是手

机能了解人的阅读弱点，显然B项张冠李戴了。

Themoneyisthere.Sowhyisitnotbeingspent?Thatisthebigpuzzleabouttherich

world'seffortstoimprovehealthinpoorcountries.InJunetheleadersoftheG8

promisedupto$8billiontotheGlobalFundtoFightAIDS,TuberculosisandMalaria,

anumbrellagroupcoordinatinghealthaid.TheGlobalFundcloseditslatestroundof

fundingapplicationsthisweekbutmuchofthemoneycommittedremainsunused.

Officialsatthefundinsistthatallisfine:disbursementsalwayslagcommitmentsand

moneycanbereleasedonlyifitwillbespenteffectively.ButexpertssuchasJoseph

DwyerofManagementSciencesforHealthsaythatthepitifulstateofpoorcountries'

healthservicesisthemainreasonforthegapbetweenwhatispromisedandwhatis

spent.JulianSchweitzeroftheWorldBanksaysthatphysicalandhumanshortagesin

localhealthservicesrepresent"ahugebottlenecktoaid'1.Nowtheaideffortsmaybe

makingthingsworse.JordanKassalowoftheScojoFoundation,anAmericancharity,

observesthatrichsingle-issueoutfitstendtodivertthebestmedicaltalenttotrendy

causesandawayfrombasicmedicineagainstdiarrhoeaandrespiratoryinfections一(he

chiefkillersofchildren.LaurieGarrettof(heCouncilonForeignRelationshasa

differentworry:thoseanti-coiTuptioneffortshavepusheddonorsintoanobsessionwith

oftenmeaninglessshort-termtargets.Theresultisanever-endingstreamofdocuments

andmeetings.Asharpfocusonprocessandtargetsordainedfromonhighmakesit

hardertobeflexibleandinnovativeortotakeadvantageofenterprisinglocals.Inpoor

countries,lamentsMsGarrett,"wcalmostspitontheprivatesector."Butitistheprivate

sectorthatmayofferthemostpracticalchanceofprogress.Fedupwiththecostsofan

unhealthyworkforce,manybiglocalandmultinationalfirmsinAfricaandAsiaarenow

offeringtheirowninnovativehealthschemes.Thesestartedassimpleanti-AIDSefforts

atminingfirmssuchasAngloAmerican.Nowtheyhavespread.HSBC,aLondon-based

internationalbank,recentlystartedaschemetoimproveitssuppliers'andcustomers'

health.Intraining,too,private-seetorandvoluntaryeffortsmayworkbetterthanofficial

programmes.TheInternationalCentreforEqualHealthcareAccesshastrainedthousands

oflocalhealth-careworkersinSouth-EastAsia.Kenya'sHealthStoreFoundationhas

helpednursesandcommunityhealthworkerssetupdozensoffor-profitclinicsthatreach

patientsgovernmentclinicsdon't.Suchideasmayyettransformtheworld'smost

dilapidatedhealthsystemsintobetterandmorefar-reachingones—ifonlythecurrent

waveoftop-downspendingdoesnotdrownthemout.

16、Accordingtosomeexperts,GlobalFunddelaysthedisbursementsbecause

thereremainsahugegapbetweenwhatispromisedandwhatisspent.

BNthe$8billioncan'tbereleaseduntilitwillbespenteffectively.

C、thesituationofhealth-careinpoorcountriespresentsatoughbarrier.

D^thephysicalconditionoflocalpeopleimposesabottlenecktoaid.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题，考查因果细节。根据Global