2025版高考英语二轮复习第1板块专题1阅读理解第2节四种题型解读学案含解析

PAGEPAGE1第2节四种题型解读题型一细微环节理解题事实认定数字确定依次排列通过阅读，认定文中出现的who，what，when，where，which，how等详细事实信息。对文中所涉及的年头、年龄、数量、钱款等进行规整、计算、换算，得出试题所要求的答案。对文中所列举的事实、事项、事务等依据时间、空间或逻辑依次进行恰当排序。解题技巧1.略读、跳读，锁定与问题相关的信息范围，定位相关的词语或句子。2．读选项，理解各选项的意义，比较各选项的意义差别。3．通过干脆信息认定、同义替换对应，筛选出正确答案。4．重点关注给出的例证、类比、依次等重要信息点。(2024·全国卷Ⅰ，A)Washington，D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington，D.C.Duration：3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld­famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington，D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration：3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington，D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike，helmet，cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington，D.C.Duration：3hoursMorningorAfternoon，thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD．C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington，D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents，Congress，memorials，andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路途)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration：3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington，D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike，helmet，andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.21．Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A．CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington，D.C.B．WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C．CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington，D.C.D．WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.[解题指导]考查细微环节理解题之事实认定。依据第一部分中的“Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear！”可知，这个骑自行车旅游须要提前预定。故选A项。22．WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A．Meetfamouspeople.B．Gotoanationalpark.C．Visitwell-knownmuseums.D．Enjoyinterestingstories.[解题指导]考查细微环节理解题之事实认定。依据第三部分中的“Knowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemost，interestingstoriesaboutPresidents，Congress，memorials，andparks.”可知，在这个活动中，你可以观赏到好玩的故事。故选D项。23．Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A．Citymaps. B．Cameras.C．Meals. D．Safetylights.[解题指导]考查细微环节理解题之事实认定。依据最终一部分中的“Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.”可知，全部骑车人都配备了反光背心和平安灯。故选D项。(2024·全国卷Ⅲ，A·节选)WelcometoHolkerHall&GardensVisitorInformationHowtoGettoHolkerByCar:FollowbrownsignsonA590fromJB6，M6.Approximatetraveltimes:Windermere—20minutes，Kendal—25minutes，Lancaster—45minutes，Manchester—1hour30minutes.ByRail:TheneareststationisCark-in-CartmelwithtrainstoCarnforth，LancasterandPrestonforconnectionstomajorcities&airports.OpeningTimesSunday—Friday(closedonSaturday)11：00a．m.—4：00p.m.,30thMarch—2ndNovember.AdmissionChargesHall&GardensGardensAdults:￡12.00￡8.00Groups:￡9.00￡5.5021．HowlongdoesitprobablytakeatouristtodrivetoHolkerfromManchester?A．20minutes. B．25minutes.C．45minutes. D．90minutes.[解题指导]考查细微环节理解题之数字确定。依据VisitorInformation部分“HowtoGettoHolker”中的“Manchester—1hour30minutes”可知，从Manchester到Holker要用1hour30minutes，即90分钟，故选D项。22．HowmuchshouldamemberofatourgrouppaytovisitHall&Gardens?A．￡12.00. B．￡9.00.C．￡8.00. D．￡5.50.[解题指导]考查细微环节理解题之数字确定。依据AdmissionCharges中的内容可知，参观Hall&Gardens时，购买团体票(Groups)的价格为9英镑，故选B项。题型二推理推断题隐含信息、言外之意作者的观点、看法、情感看法文章出处、读者对象预料后文通过归纳、演绎、类比等方式从已知信息中推出未知信息，由已言之意，推未言之意。通过对事务、景物、话语的深化分析推出作者含蓄、隐晦地表达出的观点或看法；体会作者在字里行间中流露出的情感看法。通过对格式、结构、内容的分析，推出文章的出处、题材范围和阅读此文章的主要读者群。通过对上文情节、事理的叙述的理解，结合行文逻辑分析，推出文章后文要讲解并描述的内容。解题技巧1.推理推断要符合逻辑，在文中要有事实依据。2．学会readbetweenthelines和readbeyondthelines，透过字里行间，去推断隐含意义。3．利用归纳法、演绎法、类比法对文中的论据进行分析，从而推出论点和结论。4．整合信息，由因推果，由果推因；由一般推特殊，由特殊推一般；由详细推抽象，由抽象推详细。5．抓住文中的褒贬性词汇或语句，尤其是形容词和副词，可推断作者的情感看法；依据文章最终的“结论”可推断作者是赞成还是反对。eq\o(例12024·全国卷Ⅰ，C·节选)Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears，butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers，small，tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago，whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople，theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.28．Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A．Theydevelopedveryfast.B．Theywerelargeinnumber.C．Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D．Theywerecloselyconnected.[解题指导]考查推理推断题之隐含信息、言外之意。依据本段中最终一句“Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago，whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople，theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.”可知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言却很丰富，故选B项。[干扰项分析]有些考生会错选C项，缘由是他们看到句中的单词patterns，但明显C项与theirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother含义是不同的，所以不能受patterns的影响而断章取义。eq\o(例22024·全国卷Ⅰ，D·节选)Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.32．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A．Theyareenvironment-friendly.B．Theyarenobetterthantheold.C．Theycostmoretouseathome.D．Theygooutofstylequickly.[解题指导]考查推理推断题之隐含信息、言外之意。依据对第一段的整体理解可知，与新的电子设备相比，旧的电子设备不仅耗能高，而且危害环境，所以可推断出，新的电子设备是环保的。故选A项。eq\o(例32024·全国卷Ⅱ，B)ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature'sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries，strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC，although，becauseoftheirseeds，raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白质)，ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein)．Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质)．TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃)，theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However，theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits，frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick，coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”．Forthispurpose，selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike，asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks，dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.Ifyouhaveajuicer，youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert，tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.27．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Abiologytextbook.B．Ahealthmagazine.C．Aresearchpaper.D．Atravelbrochure.[解题指导]考查推理推断题之文章出处。全文主要介绍了一些七月成熟的果实以及这些果实的养分成分等，这当然与健康饮食有关，这类文章应当是刊载在健康杂志上。故选B项。[干扰项分析]考生很简单误选C项，这是受到了其次段对养分成分介绍的干扰，因此误以为本文摘自探讨性论文。题型三主旨大意题确定文章标题概括全文主题概括段落大意标题是文章的题目，它不是主题，但限定主题的范围，可表达主题，是对主题的提炼和浓缩，表现形式多为短语，尤其是名词短语。主题是文章的中心思想，是作者所要表达的中心愿思，有的干脆出现在文中，有的须要通过综合全文的内容概括归纳得出。段落大意是指段落的中心愿思。文章常由多个段落组成，共同支撑全文主题，但每段又分述不同的意思，可通过归纳、演绎等方法概括得出。解题技巧1.细读文章或段落的首句、中间句和尾句，主题往往就在这些地方出现。2．特殊关注however，but等表示转折的信息词，主题很可能就在这类词的后面出现。3．表示结论性的信息词如so，thus，therefore等后面通常会出现主题句。4．对记叙文要会依据所述事务进行归纳概括，领悟其寓意，总结出文章的主题。5．标题是对主题句的高度概括，用词更少，简明扼要，有时会用形象化的语句。(2024·全国卷Ⅱ，D)We'veallbeenthere:inalift，inlineatthebankoronanairplane，surroundedbypeoplewhoare，likeus，deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor，worse，strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What'stheproblem?It'spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It'smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit'sawkwardandchallenging，orwethinkit'sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers，considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit'saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy，butwecan'tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn'tevenexistifitweren'tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication，saysBernardoCarducci，directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk，”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers，notjustcommunicatewiththem.”Ina2014study，ElizabethDunn，associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC，invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother，tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It'snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband，”saysDunn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.”Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging，abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners，”hesays.35．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ConversationCountsB．WaysofMakingSmallTalkC．BenefitsofSmallTalkD．UncomfortableSilence[解题指导]考查主旨大意题之确定标题。文章主要探讨了闲聊在人际交往中的重要作用，故选C项。[干扰项分析]有些考生会误选B项，但B项是片面的，文章的主旨并不是介绍如何进行闲聊。因此B项犯了以偏概全的错误。(2024·全国卷Ⅲ，B)Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare，likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity，forexample，isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896，Dawson，Canada，wasunmappedwilderness(荒野)．Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897，andtwoyearslater，itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest，withapopulationof30,000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarming.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath，killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson，however，therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere，Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon，thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown，andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska，theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today，peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawson27．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Theriseandfallofacity.B．ThegoldrushinCanada.C．Journeysintothewilderness.D．TourisminDawson.[解题指导]考查主旨大意题之概括全文主题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的缘由，从而引出Dawson这一城市的兴起；其次段介绍了该城市兴起的缘由；第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的缘由及现在的状况，所以全文是围绕Dawson这个城市的起起伏伏而进行的，故选A项。题型四词义揣测题揣测词义代词指代揣测句意依据上下文揣测单词或短语的含义。依据上下文揣测代词it，they，that，these，those等代指的人或物。依据上下文揣测某个句子的含义。解题技巧1.利用针对性的说明，如定义、同位语、定语从句、重述等。2．利用标点符号，如破折号、冒号、分号、引号后面的内容或括号中的内容。3．利用文中列举的例子或给出的同义词、反义词等。4．依据内文逻辑关系，如并列、对比、因果关系等。5．依据构词法，如前缀、后缀、复合词等。eq\o(例12024·全国卷Ⅰ，C·节选)Soonafterwards，manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers，andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies，trade，industrialisation，thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation，especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades，allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear，anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish，SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.29．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinParag