2018-英语人教必修5导学笔记Unit1PeriodTwo

PeriodTwoLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguageⅠ.重点单词1．constructvt.建设；修建constructionn．建设；建筑物2．contributevt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助3．positiveadj.积极的；肯定的；确实的4．movementn．移动；运动；动作movableadj.可移动的5．spinvi.&vt.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)spun(过去式)spun(过去分词)6．enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的7．cautiousadj.小心的；谨慎的8．rejectvt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃Ⅱ.重点短语1．apartfrom除……之外；此外2．(be)strictwith...对……严格的3．makesense讲得通；有意义Ⅲ.重点句式1．“Only＋状语从句”位于句首引起的倒装句Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。2．现在分词作伴随状语Sobetween1510and1514heworkedonit，graduallyimproving(improve)histheoryuntilhefeltitwasplete.于是，他在1510年至1514年期间从事这项研究，逐步修改他的理论，直到他感到完善时为止。3．with复合结构Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoing(go)rounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。Ⅰ.阅读课文，匹配各段落大意Para.1A．Newobservationsdidn’tagreewiththeoldtheoryabouttheearth.Para.2B．Copernicus’theoryisthebasisofmodernscienceabouttheuniverse.Para.3C．Copernicuswaspuzzledashefoundtheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem.Para.4D．Copernicus’newtheorythatthesunwasthecentrecouldexplainallthephenomena.Para.5E．Copernicusimprovedhistheorybycollectingobservationsandusinghismathematicalknowledge.Para.1—CPara.2—APara.3—EPara.4—DPara.5—BⅡ.课文阅读理解1．WhatmadeCopernicusfrightenedandconfused?A．Thefactthattheearthwasthecentreofthesolarsystem.B．Theconclusionthatthesunwasthecentreofthesolarsystem.C．Thefactthattheearthrunsaroundthesun.D．ThefactthatGodmadetheworld.答案B2．Whydidn’tCopernicuspublishhistheoryimmediately？Because.A．hedidn’tthinkitpleteB．hewasafraidofbeingattackedbytheChristianChurchC．hisfriendsforbadehimtodosoD．noonesupportedhisideas答案B3．WhendidCopernicuspublishhistheory?A．Afterhisdeath.B．Beforehetoldhisfriendsaboutit.C．Ashelaydyingin1543.D．Copernicus’theorywasneverpublished.答案C4．AllthefollowingmakeitstrangeiftheearthwasthecentreofthesolarsystemEXCEPTthat.A．someplanetsintheskyseemedtostopormovebackwardB．someplanetsintheskyappearedbrighterattimesandlessbrightatothersC．someplanetsintheskyseemedtogoforwardinaloopD．thesungoesaroundtheearth答案D5.What’stheChristianChurch’sattitudetowardsCopernicus’theory?A．TheChristianChurchobjectedtoCopernicus’theory.B．TheChristianChurchwasinfavorofCopernicus’theory.C．TheChristianChurchpaidmuchattentiontothetheory.D．TheChristianChurchthoughthighlyofCopernicus’theory.答案A重点词汇1.contributevt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿(1)contribute...to...把……捐献给……；向……投稿contributeto捐赠；捐献；有益于；导致；投稿[联想]表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有：cause，leadto，resultin，bringabout等。(2)contributionn．贡献；捐助makeacontribution/contributionsto对……作出贡献(1)Shewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleaderstocontributetothecause.她试图劝说那些当地的企业领导为这个事业捐款。(2017·北京)(2)Everyoneofusshouldmakeacontribution(contribute)tooursociety.我们每个人都应该为我们的社会作出贡献。(3)Theevidencewillcontributetocatching(catch)thethief.这些证据将有助于捉住小偷。[一词多义]写出下列黑体词的汉语意思(4)Manypeoplecontributedmoneytothepoorboy，whichcontributedtohisreturningtoschool.AwriterwroteastoryaboutitandcontributedittoChinaDaily.捐款；促使；投稿(5)Thesharpincreaseofmothersintheworkplacehasfurthercontributedtothereductionintheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwithadults.导致2．Apartfromtheconstructionmentionedabove，youhavealsolearnedthefollowingphrases.除了上面提到的句子结构，你也学了以下的词组。apartfrom除……之外；此外[易混辨析]except，besides，exceptfor，apartfrom※except表示从所提到的人或事中除去一部分，表示递减的概念。※besides表示“除了……之外，还有……”，表示递增的概念。※exceptfor表示对整体主要部分的肯定和局部的否定。※apartfrom具有多重意义，既可以表示besides，也可以表示except或exceptfor。[选词填空]except，besides，exceptfor，apartfrom(1)Allthestudentstookpartinthesportsmeetingexcept/apartfromTom.(2)Weneedthreemorechairsbesides/apartfromthesetwo.(3)Apartfrom/Exceptfortheending，it’sareallygoodfilm.3．Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。makesense讲得通；有意义makesenseof懂得；了解……的意义makenosense讲不通；没有意义inasense在某种意义上；在某种程度上innosense决不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装)There’sno/littlesenseindoingsth.做某事没有意义。(1)Icouldn’tmakesenseofwhathesaid.＝Whathesaidcouldn’tmakeanysensetome.我不能理解他所说的话。(2)Inasense，Ithinkhelikesbeingresponsibleforeverything.从某种意义上说，我认为他喜欢包揽一切。(3)Planningsofaraheadmakesnosense—somanythingswillchange.那么早计划是没有意义的——那么多事情会发生变化。(4)There’snosenseinarguing(argue)withher—sheissostubborn!和她争论是没有意义的——她那么固执！[高级表达](5)Neverloseheart；ifyoukeeptrying，youwillmakeitsoonerorlater.(改为倒装句；祈使句＋并列句)→Innosenseshouldyouloseheart；keeptryingandyouwillmakeitsoonerorlater.4．Hisfriendswereenthusiasticandencouragedhimtopublishhisideas，butCopernicuswascautious.他的朋友们都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公之于众，而哥白尼却小心谨慎。(1)cautiousadj.小心的；谨慎的becautiousabout/of对……谨慎(2)cautiouslyadv.小心地；谨慎地(3)cautionn．小心；谨慎withcaution小心翼翼地(1)Thebossisverycautiousaboutmakingpromises.这个老板对于做出承诺持谨慎态度。(2)Thegirlputtheoldvaseonthetablewithcaution.这个女孩小心地把这个古花瓶放在了桌子上。(3)Thewomanopenedthedoorcautiously(cautious)andwalkedin.这个女人小心地打开门，走了进去。经典句式1．Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。(1)onlyif只有……。only后跟状语或状语从句置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。(2)ifonly意为“要是……；但愿……”，后使用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示与现在相反的情况(be动词用were)；用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况；用would/could/mightdo表示与将来相反的情况。(1)Onlythendidherealizethevalueoflife.只有那时候他才明白生命的价值。(2)Ifonlywecouldflylikeabird!要是我们能像鸟一样飞翔就好了！(3)IfonlyIhadehereearlierthatday.那天要是我早点来就好啦。(4)IfonlyIwereafamousfootballplayer!要是我是个著名足球运动员就好了！[高级表达](5)只有当你找到内心的安宁的时候，你才会与他人保持良好的关系。(使用“only＋状语”位于句首的倒装句)Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheartwillyoukeepgoodrelationshipswithothers.2．Sobetween1510and1514heworkedonit，graduallyimprovinghistheoryuntilhefeltitwasplete.于是，他在1510年至1514年期间从事这项研究，逐步修改他的理论，直到他感到完善时为止。graduallyimprovinghistheory在句中作状语，improve与主语he是主动关系，且分词动作与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生。(1)Susanpretendedtobecheerful，saying(＝andsaid)nothingabouttheargument.苏珊假装很兴奋，对争吵的事一字未提。(2)MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina，making(make)itmucheasierforpeopletotravel.中国已建成了许多高速公路，这使得人们出行更加容易。[高级表达](3)TonylentmethemoneyandhopedthatI’ddoasmuchforhim.(改为非谓语动词作伴随状语)→Tonylentmethemoney，hopingthatI’ddoasmuchforhim.3．Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。with的复合结构为with＋n./pron.＋介词短语/形容词/副词/不定式/现在分词/过去分词，在句中作状语表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等或定语。(1)You’dbetternotgotosleepwiththewindowsopen.你最好不要开着窗子睡觉。(2)Ican’tgooutwithallthesedishestowash(wash)．我不能丢下这些要洗的餐具就出去。(3)Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstied(tie)behindhisback.这个小偷被带了进来，双手被绑在背后。[高级表达](4)Theoldmanwaswalkingslowlyandhispetdogfollowedhim.(改为with复合结构)→Theoldmanwaswalkingslowlywithhispetdogfollowinghim.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thebossofthepanyisverystrictwiththestaff，soeveryonetherehastobepletelystrictintheirwork.2．Sheneverlostherenthusiasm(enthusiastic)forteaching.3．Cautiously(cautious)，hemovedhimselfintoanuprightposition.4．Theengineershavemadegreatcontributions(contribute)tothedesignoftheChang’eⅢspaceship.5．IfonlyIhadtaken(take)hisadviceatthattime!6．Providedyoudidn’ttrytomakesenseofit，itsoundedbeautiful.7．Theenvironmentalmovement(move)hasbeentryingtopreserveournaturalresources.8．Withhissuggestionsrejected(reject)，hefeltupset.9．ShegrabbedNorm’sarmandspun(spin)himaroundtofaceher.10．Wedidn’tseeanyoneallday，apartfromacoupleofkidsonthebeach.Ⅱ.完成句子11．只有在大城市才能买到新轮椅。Onlyinabigcitywasitpossibletobuyanewwheelchair.12．这个老人去世了，什么也没有给他的子女留下。Theoldmandied，leavingnothingtohischildren.13．让孩子那样受苦没有道理。There’snosenseinmakingachildsufferlikethat.14．英语是我感兴趣的科目之一。EnglishisoneofthesubjectsinwhichIaminterested.15．随着冬天的临近，是时候买暖和的衣服了。(with的复合结构)Withwinteringon/approaching，it’stimetobuywarmclothes.Ⅲ.课文语法填空NicolausCopernicuswasborninPolandin1473.In1496，hewenttoItalywherehe16.studied(study)lawandmedicineandsoonuntilhecamebacktohishomelandin1506.Helaterworkedforthechurchtillhediedin1543.Copernicuslivedinatime17.whenpeoplestillbelievedeverythingmovedaroundtheearthintheuniverse.Butthroughhisyearsof18.observations(observe)andmathematicalcalculations，Copernicusbecame19.confused(confuse)becausehefoundtheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem.Hekeptimprovinghisnewtheoryuntilhefeltitwaspletein1514.Hesuggestedthattheearth20.wasspinning(spin)whilegoingroundthesun.Hisfriendsencouragedhimtopublishhisideas，butCopernicuswas21.cautious(caution)．Hedidn’twant22.tobeattacked(attack)bytheChristianChurch.Finally，ashelaydyingin1543，hepublishedthetheory23.thatthesun，nottheearth，isthecentreofthesolarsystem.Copernicushassetagoodexampletous，stickingtothe24.scientific(science)truthandbravelybreakingaway25.fromtheoldview.

Ⅳ.微写作写作素材(关于医学)1．布莱克因为接触了致命的病毒而患了重病。2．专家通过各种尝试为他治疗。3．之后他们宣布病毒被打败了。4．但是在完全康复之前他还需要被护理一段时间。5．人们说这种病毒该受责备。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用宾语从句，needdoing等。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)Blackwasseverelyillbecauseofbeingexposedtoadeadlyvirus.Afteralltheattemptstocurehim，theexpertsannouncedthattheviruswasdefeatedbutheneededattendingbeforehewasfullyrecovered.Peoplesaidthattheviruswastoblame.Ⅰ.阅读理解AFlorenceNightingalewasborninarichfamily.Whenshewasyoung，shetooklessonsinmusicanddrawing，andreadgreatbooks.Shealsotravelledagreatdealwithhermotherandfather.Asachild，shefeltthatvisitingsickpeoplewasbothadutyandapleasure.Sheenjoyedhelpingthem.Atlast，hermindwasmadeup.“I’mgoingtobeanurse，”shedecided.“Nursingisn’ttherightworkforalady，”herfathertoldher.“ThenIwillmakeitso，”shesmiled.AndshewenttolearnnursinginGermanyandFrance.WhenshereturnedtoEngland，Florencestartedanursinghomeforwomen.DuringtheCrimeanWarin1854，shewentwithagroupofthirty­eightnursestothefronthospital.Whattheysawtherewasterrible.Dirtanddeathwereeverywheretobeseenandsmelled.Theofficertheredidnotwantanywomantotellhimhowtorunahospital，either.Butthebravenurseswenttowork.Florenceusedherownmoneyandsomefromfriendstobuyclothes，beds，medicinesandfoodforthemen.Heronlypaywasthesmilesfromthelipsofdyingsoldiers.Buttheyweremorethanenoughforthiskindwoman.Afterwar，shereturnedtoEnglandandwashonouredforherservicebyQueenVictoria.ButFlorencesaidthatherworkhadjustbegun.SheraisedmoneytobuildtheNightingaleHomeforNursesinLondon.Shealsowroteabookonpublichealth，whichwasprintedinseveralcountries.FlorenceNightingalepassedawayattheageofninety，stilltryingtoserveothersthroughherworkasanurse.Indeed，itisbecauseofherthatwehonournursestoday.语篇解读本文介绍了护理行业的创始人——南丁格尔，她为了护理别人而奉献了自己的一生。1．Whenshewasachild，Florence.A．wroteabookonpublichealthB．knewwhatherdutyinlifewasC．lovedtohelpthesickpeopleD．wasmostinterestedinmusicanddrawing答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段可知，她很喜欢照顾病人。故C项正确。2．DuringtheCrimeanWarin1854，Florenceservedinthefronthospitalwhere.A．sheearnedalotofmoneyB．workwasverydifficultC．fewsoldiersdiedbecauseofherworkD．shedidn’thaveenoughfoodandclothes答案B解析细节理解题。根据第六段第二、三、四句可知，当时的工作条件很艰苦。故B项正确。3．WhywasFlorencehonouredbyQueenVictoria?A．BecauseshebuilttheNightingaleHomeforNurses.B．Becauseofheroldage.C．Becausesheworkedasanurseallherlife.D．BecauseshedidagreatdealofworkduringtheCrimeanWar.答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，正是因为在战争中所做的事情让她受到了女王的表彰。故D正确。4．Thepassagecanbebestdescribedas.A．thelifestoryofafamouswoman B．adescriptionofthenursingworkC．anexampleofsuccessfuleducation D．thehistoryofnursinginEngland答案A解析主旨大意题。本文介绍了护理行业的创始人——南丁格尔，她为了护理别人而奉献了自己的一生。故A正确。B(2018·宁波余姚中学高二期中)ThefirstFerriswheelwasbuiltforthe1893World’sColumbianExpositioninChicago.ThepeoplewhoplannedthefairwerelookingforanattractionthatwouldbringpeopletoChicago.TheEiffelTowerhadbeenagreatsuccessforthefairinParisin1889，andtheywantedsomethinglikethat.GeorgeFerrishandedinadrawingofagiantwheelthatpeoplecouldrideon.Atfirsteveryonelaughedathisstrangeidea.ButMrFerrisdidn’tgiveup，andfinallytheideawasaccepted.TherideopenedinJuneof1893.Thatfirstwheelhadthirty­sixenclosedcars，eachholdingsixtypassengers.Whenfilled，itcarried2,160people.DuringthatsummerinChicagooneandahalfmillionpeoplerodetheFerriswheel，whichwasnamedafterFerris.Sixplatformswereusedtopickupanddropoffpassengers.Eachridewastwofullturnsofthewheel.Onthefirstturn，itmadesixstopsforloading.Thenthesecondturnwasanonstopnine­minuteride.Eachcarhadfivelargeglasswindowsinfrontandinback，givingeveryoneagreatviewofChicagoandLakeMichigan.Afterthefairtheridewasmovedtoanearbyamusementparkbuiltespeciallytoshowoffthewheel.In1904itwasmovedagain—thistimetoSt.LouisfortheLouisianaPurchaseExposition.AfterthefairinSt.Louisclosed，thewheelstoodunused.In1906itwasfinallysoldtoapanyforscrap(废弃材料)metal.Ittook200poundsofdynamitetobringitdown.FortunatelyaChicagobridgebuilder，，figuredouthowtomakeasmallerFerriswheelthatcouldeasilybetakenapartandputtogether.In1906hestartedthepanythatstillmakesmanyoftheFerriswheelsusedtoday.Butwheneveryourideone，rememberthatitallbeganwithGeorgeFerris’verystrangeidea.语篇解读本文主要讲了Ferris成功设计了摩天轮，并且直到今天，摩天轮依然风靡于全球。5．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Largedesignsaremoresuccessfulthansmallones.B．RidingaFerriswheelisthebestwaytotravelaroundtheworld.C．World’sfairattractedmillionsofvisitorstoChicagofromallaroundtheworld.D．Ferris’designwassosuccessfulthatFerriswheelsarestillaroundtoday.答案D解析主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲了Ferris成功设计了摩天轮，并且直到今天，摩天轮依然风靡于全球，故选D。6．ThefirstFerriswheelwasmainlybuiltto.A．makeGeorgeFerriswell­knownworldwideB．attractvisitorstoaneventinChicagoC．matchtheEiffelTowerinParisD．bringfuntopeopleinChicago答案B解析细节理解题。由第一段中的“ThepeoplewhoplannedthefairwerelookingforanattractionthatwouldbringpeopletoChicago.”可知第一个摩天轮被设计主要是用来吸引游客去芝加哥，故选B。7．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofGeorgeFerris?A．HeshowedgreatcreativityintheFerriswheeldesign.B．HisFerriswheeldesignwasimpractical.C．Hewasaleaderintheamusementindustry.D．HedidalotbetterthanW．E.Sullivan.答案A解析推理判断题。由第二段和最后一段可知在摩天轮的设计中，GeorgeFerris表现出了巨大的创造力，故选A。8．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．TopersuadethereadertorideaFerriswheel.B．Todescribethesuccessofthe1893World’sFair.C．ToinformthereaderaboutthefirstFerriswheeleverbuilt.D．ToentertainthereaderwithastoryaboutWorld’sFairsintheUS.答案C解析写作意图题。这篇文章主要讲了Ferris成功设计了摩天轮，并且直到今天，摩天轮依然风靡于全球，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是告知读者历史上第一个摩天轮的情况，故选C。Ⅱ.读后续写(2018·嘉兴第一中学高二期中)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。TheeventthatstandsoutinTom’smemoryhappenedonemorningwhenTomwasonlytenyearsold.HewasathomewithhiseldersisterJane.Tomwasdoinghishomeworkwhenheheardraisedvoices.Atfirsthethoughtnothingofitsincecustomersinthemotorcycleshopdirectlybelowtheirflatoftenbecameloud，buthesoonrealizedthistimeitwasdifferent.“Quick！Quick!Removethemotorcyclesfromtheshop，”someoneyelled.Thenathickburningsmellfilledtheair.WhenTomopenedthefrontdooroftheirflattoinvestigate，athickcloudofsmokegreetedhim.Themotorcycleshophadcaughtfireandpeoplewererunningandcrying.Jane，whohadbeenplayingtheviolininherroom，hurriedtothelivingroom.Theyrushedoutofthedoorandalongthecorridor(走廊)throughthesmoke.TheywereheadingtowardsthestairwayatthefarendofthecorridorwhenJanestoppedinhertrack.Sheturnedaroundandheadedbackthewaytheycame.Tomhadnoideawhatshewasdoing，buthefollowedsuit.Janehadsuddenlyrememberedtheladyinher70swholivednextdoortothem，whotheycalledMakcik，Malayforauntie.JanebeganbangingonMakcik’sdoor，butgotnoanswer.Asthesmokethickenedaroundthem，Tomcouldseemanyoftheirneighbors—somestillintheirpyjamas—runningforsafety.Thethoughtoffearcrossedhism