2024年人教版八下英语英语语法知识点精讲练习

人教版八年级下册英語英語語法知识點精讲+练习（一）一般未来時一般未来時表达未来某個時间要发生的動作或者存在的状态。一般与表达未来的時间状語连用，如tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextyear,nextmonth,nextweek,in100years等。begoingtodo（動詞原形）构造：表达打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：Itisgoingtorain.willdo构造表达未来的使用方法：1.表达预見Doyouthinkitwillrain?Youwillfeelbetterafteragoodrest.2.表达意图Iwillborrowabookfromourschoollibrarytomorrow.Whatwillshedotomorrow?基本构成如下：一般疑問句构成：（1）will+主語+do…?WillSarahcometovisitmenextSunday?（2）therebe构造的一般疑問句：Willthere+be…?Willtherebefewertrees?Yes,therewill./No,therewon’t否认句构成：will+not（won’t）+doSarahwon’tcometovisitmenextSunday.特殊疑問句构成：特殊疑問詞＋will＋主語＋…？WhatwillSarahdonextSunday?★★练一练★★根据例句，用will改写下列各句例：Idon’tfeelwelltoday.（bebettertomorrow）I’llbebettertomorrow.1.Ginahassixclassestoday.（havealotofhomeworktonight）_____________________________2.I’mtirednow.（sleeplater）_____________________________3.Myparentsneedanewcar.（buyonesoon）_____________________________4.Wecan’tleaverightnow.（leavealittlelater）_____________________________5.Theweatherisawfultoday.（bebettertomorrow）_____________________________答案：1.She’llhavealotofhomeworktonight.2.I’llsleeplater.3.They’llbuyonesoon.4.We’llleavealittlelater.5.Maybeit’llbebettertomorrow.（二）should的使用方法：should用来提出提议和忠告，後边加動詞原形，否认句直接在should後边加not.例如：Ithinkyoushouldeatlessjunkfood.我认為你应當少吃垃圾食品。Shedrivesalotandsheseldomwalks.SoIthinksheshouldwalkalot.她常常開車，很少走路。因此我认為她应當多走路。Studentsshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.學生們不应當花太多的時间玩计算机游戏。學习向他人提提议的几种句式：（1）Ithinkyoushould…（2）Well,youcould…（3）Maybeyoushould…（4）Whydon’tyou…?（5）Whataboutdoingsth.?（6）You’dbetterdosth.★★练一练★★用should或shouldn’t填空1.Ican’tsleepthenightbeforeexams.You______takeawarmshowerbeforeyougotobed.2.Goodfriends______argueeachother.3.Thereislittlemilkintheglass.We_______buysome.4.Theydidn’tinviteyou?Maybeyou______befriendlier.5.Iamalittlebitoverweight.SoIthinkI_______doexerciseseveryday.答案：1.should 2.shouldn’t 3.should 4.should 5.should（三）過去進行時過去進行時表达過去某一點時间正在進行的動作或者過去某一段時间内一直進行的動作。1.构成was/were+doing，例如：IwaswatchingTVat9o’clocklastnight.at9o’clocklastnight是時间點Theywereplayingfootballallafternoon.allafternoon是時间段2.過去進行時的標志詞at8o’clocklastnight,thistimeyesterday等。例如：Iwashavinglunchathomethistimeyesterday.昨天的這個時候我正在吃午饭。Atthattimeshewaswritingabook.那阵子她在写一本書。（表达她在那段時间裏一直在做那件事情。）★★练一练★★用括号中所給動詞的合适形式填空。1.ThistimeyesterdayI__________（read）books.2.At9o’clocklastSundaythey____________（have）aparty.3.WhenI_____（come）intotheclassroom,she______________（read）astorybook.4.She___________（play）computergameswhilehermother__________（cook）yesterdayafternoon.5.I___________（have）ashowerwhenyou_______（call）meyesterday.答案：1.wasreading 2.werehaving 3.came;wasreading4.wasplaying;wascooking 5.washaving;called（四）间接引語形成环节：（1）不要逗号，冒号，引号（2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉語是一致的）（3）要考虑時态的变化（4）要考虑時间状語、地點状語和語示代詞的变化。1.直接引語变成间接引語時，几种重要時态的变化规律直接引語间接引語一般目前時一般過去時一般未来時過去未来時目前進行時過去進行時2.直接引語变成间接引語時，某些詞汇的变化规律直接引語1.am/is2.are3.have/has4.will5.can6.may间接引語1.was2.were3.had4.would5.could6.might★★练一练★★用括号中所給動詞的合适形式填空。1.ShesaidI_____（be）hard-working.2.Petertoldmehe_____（be）boredyesterday.3.Shesaidshe_____（go）swimminglastSunday.4.Bobbysaidhe_____（may）callmelater.5.Antoniotoldmehe_____（read）abookthen.答案：1.was 2.was 3.went 4.might 5.wasreading請转述他人說的话：1.IgotothebeacheverySaturday.（Tom）2.Icanspeakthreelanguages.（Lucy）3.Iwillcallyoutomorrow.（Mike）4.I’mhavingasurprisepartyforLana.（she）（五）if引导的条件状語從句构造：if＋一般目前時，主語＋未来時含义：假如……，将要……例如：Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.假如你祈求他，他會协助你。Ifneedbe,we’llworkallnight.假如需要，我們就干個彻夜。★★练一练★★根据中文提醒，完毕句子。1.假如你参与聚會，你将會過得很開心。Ifyou________theparty,you__________.2.假如明天下雨，我們将不去野餐。Ifit__________tomorrow,we___________.3.假如你常常听英文歌，你将會喜欢英語的。Ifyouoften________,you_________________.答案：1.Ifyougototheparty,youwillhaveagoodtime2.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgotothepicnic3.IfyouoftenlistentoEnglishsongs,you’lllikeEnglish二.完形填空特點及解題思绪（一）題型分类与特點完形填空试題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個詞，留下某些空格，规定考生借助短文保留的部分，從所給的短文整体出发，在對的理解短文意思的基础上，根据句子和句子间的内在联络、詞的使用方法和习惯搭配等，用合适的詞或詞語填空，使补全後的短文意思通顺、前後连贯、构造完整。這种題型测试的内容從形式上看是單詞或短語的填空，但它必须注意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、詞語搭配和語法构造對的，因此在空格上所填的詞必须符合語义合用和語法對的两条原则，只考虑某一侧面都也許导致錯误。中考中完形填空试題的基本題型分两类：完形填空选择題和完形填空題。1.完形填空选择題：该題型的特點是将一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格，對每一空格提供若干個选择项，规定考生通讀短文後，在理解短文意思的基础上，运用所學的詞汇、句型、語法等語言知识，從所提供的备选项中选出一种最佳答案，使短文内容完整對的。中考完形填空重要以這种題型為主。它所給的短文一般与初中英語教材难易程度相称，字数在150－200個單詞之内，多数设置10個左右空格，所设考點波及詞汇、語法及對短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空，以期提供一种語境，對每一空格设置的选项基本都属于相似或對等的詞类，給鉴定选择带来一定的干扰，侧重考察了考生精确运用詞汇的能力及對短文的整体理解和逻辑推理能力。2.选詞填空題：该題型的特點是把抽出的詞打乱次序，不按原文次序排列，放在短文前面或背面的方框内，有時還增長几种文外的詞，规定考生從中选出合适的詞以對的的形式填入短文空格内。（A）Jackwantedtoaskfortwodaysoff,1hehadonlylearntthephrase（短語）“haveadayoff”.He2,thenhehadanidea.“Grandmotherisill.MayIhaveadayoff,3?”heaskedtheteacher.“Ofcourse,youcan.”replied（答复）theteacheratonce.Afterawhile,theboycameto4attheteacher’sdoor.“MayIhaveadayoff5?”Theteacherwasverysurprised,“Didn’tyou6itjustnow?”“Yes,sir.ButIcan’tbehere7,either.”Theteacherunderstoodhimandcouldnothelp8.Thenhesaidwithasmile,“Whydidn’tyousay‘MayIhavetwodaysoff?’”Theboyansweredquickly9aloudvoice.“Butyouonly10us‘haveadayoff!’”（）1.A.but B.and C.or D.for（）2.A.thoughthardlyB.thoughthardandhardC.hardthoughtD.thoughtandthought（）3.A.Miss B.sir C.teacher D.Mr.（）4.A.strike B.best C.hit D.knock（）5.A.also B.again C.too D.once（）6.A.speak B.tell C.say D.do（）7.A.tomorrowB.thedayaftertomorrowC.yesterdayD.thedaybeforeyesterday（）8.A.laugh B.tolaugh C.laughed D.laughing（）9.A.with B.on C.in D.by（）10.A.teach B.taught C.areteaching D.wereteaching（B）請根据内容從所給的15個單詞中选出最恰當的10個填入空白处，使短文完整，有些詞要根据需要作合适的詞形变化。than,so,tell,us,them,report,because,love,composition,understand,to,that,much,for,whatAgenerationgap（代沟）hasbecomeaseriousproblem.Ireada_______（1）aboutitinthenewspaper.Somechildrenhavekilled_______（2）afterquarrels（争执）withparents.Ithinkthisis_______（3）theydon’thaveagoodtalkwitheachother.Parentsnowspend_______（4）timeintheoffice._______（5）theydon’thavemuchtimetostaywiththeirchildren.Astimepasses,theybothfeel_______（6）theydon’thavethesametopics（话題）totalkabout.Iwantto_______（7）parentstobemorewithyourchildren,gettoknowthemandunderstandthem.Andforchildren,showyourfeeling_______（8）yourparents.Theyarethepeoplewho_______（9）you.Sotellthemyourthoughts（想法）.Inthisway,youcanhaveabetter_______（10）ofeachother.完形填空选择題的一般解題思绪是：1.跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過空格，通讀试題所給的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，很好地把握短文大意。要在阅讀理解短文意思的基础上才開始鉴定选择，切忌仓促下笔。2.結合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，再結合所給备选项细讀全文，联络上、下文内容，注意從上、下文的語法构造和詞語搭配及從选择项中寻找解題的提醒，以詞、句的意义為先，再從分析句子构造入手，根据短文意思、語法规则、詞語固定搭配等進行综合考虑，對备选项逐一進行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。3.瞻前顾後、先易後难、各個击破。動笔時要瞻前顾後、通篇考虑、先易後难。對比较明显直接的、自已最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳過這一空格，继续往下做，最终回過頭来再集中精力处理难點。這時可結合已确定答案的选项再讀一遍短文，伴随對短文理解的深入，可以減少试題的难度，提高选择的對的率。4.复讀全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完毕各道題选择後，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通讀一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案与否使短文意思前後连贯、顺理成章，語法构造与否對的，与否符合习惯体現法。如发現錯误答案或有疑問的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。完形填空试題的一般解題思绪是：1.跳過空格、通讀短文、理解大意。解題時先跳過空格，通讀完形填空的短文，理解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的時态、語气為立足點，理清文脉，推测全文主題及大意。2.复讀短文、确定語义、判断詞形。把握短文大意後再认真复讀短文，运用上下文的語境，結合所學過的知识，先确定空格处所需詞語的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充當的成分，從而确定所填詞的詞性，再根据詞語搭配和語法规则，判断所填的詞的對的形式。3.三讀短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一种詞後，将完毕的短文再细讀一遍，上下参照，连贯思索。把所填的答案放入短文中進行检查，可從上、下文内容与否协调一致、顺理成章，語法构造与否對的無误等進行综合验证，凡有疑問必须重新推敲考虑。（三）課文阅讀指导1.初中阅讀阅讀理解能力（1）理解主旨要义（2）理解文中详细信息（3）根据上下文猜测生詞的意义（4）做出简朴判断的推理（5）理解文章的基本构造（6）理解作者的意图和态度2.培养良好阅讀习惯（1）扩大视距（2）克服声讀（3）克服逐字讀3.猜测詞文（1）通過標題或主題句進行预测（2）文章的標題或主題句可包括作者的意图和倾向、篇章的總体意义和深层意义，因此通過文章標題或主題句進行预测，以便對的理解。（3）通過語篇標识進行预测（4）語篇標识包括关联詞、转换詞也包括其他关键詞。（5）运用背景知识预测（6）运用图片進行预测实战操演（答題時间：80分钟）一.选择填空。（）1.Beijingwonthechances_________theOlympics.A.tohost B.host C.hosting D.hosted（）2.TigerWoodscanmakebillions______dollarsayear.A.for B.with C.of D.on（）3.－Youlookedsobeautifulattheparty.－_______.A.No,Idon’tthinksoB.OfcourseC.ThankyouverymuchD.No,I’mnotbeautiful（）4.Thetextisveryeasyforyou.Thereare______newwordsinit.A.afew B.alittle C.few D.little（）5.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper________“WhoMovedMycheese”wasaninterestingbook.A.that B.what C.how D.if（）6.－InourEnglishstudyreadingismoreinterestingthanspeaking,Ithink.－Idon’tagree.Speakingis_______reading.A.asimportantas B.soimportantasC.themoreimportant D.themostimportant（）7.Ifhe________harder,he’llcatchupwithus.A.work B.works C.worked D.willwork（）8.Themanager________thatthebusinesswouldbeworseafterthestock（股票）wentdown.A.talked B.told C.said D.spoke（）9.Weshouldkeep_________inthereading-room.A.quiet B.quietly C.quite D.quickly（）10.－Ithinkeverythinggoesonwell.－_______.A.SoIdo B.Idoso C.SodoI D.SoisI（）11.IfyouwanttowatchTV,youmayturn_______.A.down B.iton C.onit D.itoff（）12.I’msorryIhaven’tgotanymoney.I’ve________myhandbagathome.A.missed B.left C.put D.forgotten（）13.Heislisteningtothemusic_______sheiswashingclothes.A.after B.before C.that D.while（）14.Ittakes________timetogotoBeijingbyplanethanbytrain.A.more B.fewer C.longer D.less（）15.－Excuseme.Haveyougotaneraser?－Sorry,Ihaven’t.Why_______youaskMary?Perhapsshe’sgotone.A.do B.don’t C.did D.didn’t二.选择恰當的答語。_____1.WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOlanded? A.Yourteacherwon’tletyouin._____2.Willpeopleusepaper B.HesaidIcouldn’tstayoutlate.moneyinthefuture?_____3.Ican’tsleep,whatshouldIdo? C.Iwasdoingmyhomework._____4.IfIwearjeanstoschool, D.No,theywon’t.Everyonewhatwillhappen? willhaveacreditcard._____5.Whatdidyourfathersay? E.Youshouldlistentosome relaxingmusic.三.根据汉語提醒填空：1.不懂得该怎么办，你能給我點提议吗？Idon’tknow__________todo,canyougivemesome_______?2.外星人正在买纪念品的時候，我給警察打了個電话。Whilethealienwas_______asouvenir,I________thepolice.3.我放學回家的路上，看見一只猫從窗户裏跑了出来。Onmywayhomefromschool,Isawacatget_______________awindow.4.我不想在電话裏跟你談论這件事情。Idon’twanttotalk_________itwithyou_________thephone.5.我們要在周五晚上為约翰举行一种惊喜的晚會。Wearegoingtohavea_______partyforJohn________Fridayevening.四.完形填空：把下面五個句子放在文章中的恰當位置，使文章完整。Threemenwentupinaballoon（气球）.TheystartedearlyinLondon.TheheadmanwasTed,andtheothertwomenwereDavyandEmilio.1Soontheyheardthesea.Theywerecarryingtheusualrope（绳子）,anditwashangingdownfromthebasketoftheballoon.Attheendoftheropetheyhadtiedametalbox.Thiscouldholdwater,oritcouldbeempty.So2.Itwasforuseoverthesea.Theywerealsocarryingsomebagsofsand.Afterthesunrose,theballoonwenthigher.Itwentupto3,000metres,and3.Thewaterintheballoonbecameice.Snowfellpastthemen’sbasket,andtheycouldseemoresnowontheground.4,butitwashard.Theytriedtobreaktheicysandwiththeirknives,butitwasnoteasy.Theworkwasslowandtheywerestillfalling,sotheyhadtodropsomewholebagsofsand.Oneofthemfellonanicylakeandmadeablackholeintheice.Atlasttheypulledtheboxintothebasket.Itwasstillsnowing;so5.Theyroseto5,100metres!Everythingbecameicy.Theyweresocoldthattheydecidedtoland.TheycamedowninPolandheavilybutsafely.Theyhadtravelled1,797kilometresfromLondon!A.ThementriedtothrowoutsomemoresandB.theywereabletochangeitsweight（重量）C.Theyhadabigballoonandtheywerereadyforalongway.D.theyclimbedtogetawayfromthesnowE.theairtherewasverycold五.阅讀理解（A）EinsteinWasWaitingforHisFriendOnceEinsteinwaswaitingforoneofhisfriendsonabridge.Hewasthinkingaproblem.Whilehewaswaiting,itbegantorain.Therainkeptonforsometime.WhenEinsteintookoutapieceofpaperfromhispockettowritesomethingdown,thepaperwaswetandthenheknewthatitwasraining.Hisclotheshadbecomewet.Butafterheputthepaperintohispocket,heforgothewasstandingintherainagain.Manyscientistsarenotcarefulwiththeirlives.Thisisbecausetheyaretoocarefulwiththeirstudies.1.WhatdidEinsteindo?Hewas______.A.adoctor B.ateacher C.ascientist2.WhywasEinsteinonabridge.A.Becausehewaswritingsomethingonthebridge.B.Becausehewaswaitingforafriend.C.Becausehewasthinking.3.Itrained_________.A.sometimes B.forsometime C.foralongtime4.Einstein________andbegantowritesomethingonit.A.boughtapieceofpaper.B.tookapieceofpaperfromhiscar.C.tookoutapieceofpaperfromhispocket.5.Whichistrue?A.Einsteinwascarefulwithhiswork.B.Einsteinwascarefulwithhisclothes.C.Einsteinwascarefulwithhisfriends.（B）生活中總會有許多意外事故发生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。請阅讀下面材料，根据1－5小題所描述的救护措施，從A-G七幅图中找出与題意對应的图画（本題共有七幅图，你只能选五幅图，多选不給分。）1.Ifthepersonhasstoppedbreathing,youmusttrytostarthis/herbreathingatonce.Thebestthingistousethemouth-to-mouthway.Laythepersononhis/herbackandbreatheintohis/hermouth.2.Ifthepersonisbleeding（流血）badly,youmusttrytostopthebleeding.Pressonthebleedingpointwithapieceofcleanclothandholdupthepartofthebodywhichisbleeding.3.Ifyouarebitten（cutbyteeth）byananimal,washthecutundercoldrunningwater.Coverthebrokenpart,ifthereisany,withapieceofcleancloth.Thenseeadoctorassoonaspossible.4.Ifyouareburnt（hurtbyfireorsomethingveryhot）,cooltheburntpartatonce.Runcool（notcold）waterovertheburnuntilitislesspainful.Thenputapieceofdrycleanclothovertheburntpart.5.Ifthereisafire,neverusealiftinthebuilding,becauseit’sverydangerous.Theliftmaygettrappedbetweenfloors.Usethestairsandleavethebuildingatonce.1._____2._____3._____4._____5._____Herearesomepicturestochoose.六.写作：（從下列2封来信中选择一封写回信。）Dearfriend,Therewillbeapartythisweekend.Allmyfr