自然生态（解析版）- 2025年高考英语热点话题阅读与时文阅读

专题08自然生态（解析版）

【材料来源：BBCJun.18,2024]

ThisEcuadorianforestthrivedamid

deforestationafterbeinggrantedlegalrights

Despiteextensivedeforestationinthesurroundingregion,LosCedros*11,681acres(4,800ha)buzzwithlife.

Itsbiodiversityisastonishing:morethan130scientificpapershavebeenpublishedonthevastnumberofspecies

thatcallLosCedroshome-fromfungitosnailsandbears.Mostofthereserveisacloudforestwheretheairis

heavywithmoisture.Manyspeciescan'tbefoundanywhereelse,suchasthetinyorangeLosCedrosrainfrog.

LifecontinuestothriveinLosCedros,butitssurvivalwasn*talwayscertain-anditislargelythankstoa

powerful,andincreasinglyinfluential,globallegalmovementthattheforestisstillstanding.

In2008,Ecuadorbecamethefirstcountrytochangeitsconstitutiontostatethatnaturehasthesamerightsas

people.ThechangewasledbyEcuador*sIndigenousmovement,andmarkedoneofthefirstmajorstepsinwhathas

becomeknownastheTightsofnature*movement-amovementcentredonalegalframeworkthatrecognisesthe

inherentrightofthenaturalworldtothesameprotectionsaspeopleandcorporations.

Todate,initiativestorecognisetherightsofnaturehavebeenpursuedin44countries.Somecaseshave

defendedasingleanimal,whileotherlegaldecisionshaverecognisedtherightsofrivers,mountains,andallof

MotherEarth.

【译文欣赏】

这片厄瓜多尔森林在被授予法律权利后在砍伐森林中茁壮成长

尽管周边地区的森林遭到大规模砍伐，洛斯塞德罗斯（LosCedros）保护区11681英亩（4800公顷）的

土地上，森林依然生机勃勃。这里的生物多样性令人惊叹，有130多篇已经发表的科学论文，介绍了栖息

在洛斯塞德罗斯的大量物种-从真菌到蜗牛到熊类。保护区里的大部分森林被云雾笼罩，空气极其湿润。这

里有许多在别处见不到的物种，比如体型微小的橙色洛斯塞德罗斯雨蛙。

在洛斯塞德罗斯保护区，一切仍在繁衍生息，但它们的生存并不总是那么有保障。这片森林之所以能

够屹立不倒，主要归功于一场声势浩大、影响力日益增强的全球法律运动。

2008年，厄瓜多尔成为第一个修改宪法，规定自然享有与人类同等权利的国家。这一改变是由厄瓜多

尔原住民团体推动的，标志着“自然权利”(rightsofnature)运动迈出了重要的第一步，该运动的核心是

建立一个法律框架，承认自然界的固有权利，即享有与人类和企业组织同等的受保护权。

迄今为止，已有44个国家提出了承认自然享有权利的倡议。有的法律案件为了一种动物辩护，有的法

律判决则承认了河流、山脉和整个地球母亲(MotherEarth)的权利。

【词汇积累】

1.thrive/Graiv/v.兴盛，繁荣

2.amid/s'mid/prep.在…当中；为…环绕

3.deforestation/,di:,fori'steifsn/n.森林砍伐

4.biodiversity/.baioudai'vs^iti/n.生物多样性

5.species/'spi:Jl:z/n.物种

6.cloudforest/klaud'fb:nst/n.云雾森林

7.moisture/'moistjsr/n.水分，湿气

8.survival/ssr'vaivsl/n.生存

9.legal/'li:g91/adj.法律的

10.influential/(mflu'enjbl/adj.有影响力的

11.constitution/.knnstitju^n/n.宪法

12.indigenous/m'd^mas/adj.土著的，本地的

13.framework/'freimtw3：rk/n.框架

14.inherent/m'hisrsnt/adj.固有的，内在的

15.initiative/I'nifbtiv/n.倡议，主动性

【长难句分析】

原句

LifecontinuestothriveinLosCedros,butitssurvivalwasn'talwayscertain-anditislargelythankstoapowerful,

andincreasinglyinfluential,globallegalmovementthattheforestisstillstanding.

译文

在洛斯塞德罗斯保护区，一切仍在繁衍生息，但它们的生存并不总是那么有保障。这片森林之所以能够屹

立不倒，主要归功于一场声势浩大、影响力日益增强的全球法律运动。

分析

+一[主句：LifecontinuestothriveinLosCedros]

+一[并歹U句：butitssurvivalwasn*talwayscertain]

+一[并歹U句：anditislargelythankstoapowerful,andincreasinglyinfluential,globallegalmovement]

+一[定语从句：thattheforestisstillstanding]

（-）

（2024-山东•三模）AccordingtotheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature（IUCN）,hundredsof

marine（海洋的）speciesacrosstheworldcomeunderendangeredandcriticallyendangeredcategories.Someofthe

endangeredandrecognizablemarinespeciesarenamedhere.

Kemp'sRidleySeaTurtle

TheKemp'sRidleySeaTurtle,alsoknownastheAtlanticRidleySeaTurtle,isendangeredastherarestand

smallestseaturtle.

DistributedthroughouttheGulfofMexicoandU.S.Atlanticseaboard,theygatheroffthecoastin

northeasternMexicoandcomeashoreinlargegroupstolayeggseveryyear.Asmarinereptiles（爬彳亍动物），they

arethreatenedbyoilspills,lackoffoodandmarinepollution.

Vaquita

Asararemarinemammal,Vaquitaisontheedgeofextinctiononlyahalf-centuryafteritsfirstsighting.

ExtensivefishingintheGulfofCaliforniahasendangeredthismarinespecies,resultinginagradualdropin

populationsincethe1940s.Accordingtoreports,thereareonlyadozenofthesemarinemammalsleftintheworld

sincethepercentageofdeclineintheirpopulationwasasmuchas90%since2011.

Whale

FinWhaleisthesecond-largestmammalontheplanetafterBlueWhaleanditisalsoavictimofhunting.

Accordingtoestimates,theglobalpopulationofFinWhalerangesfrombelow100,000toaround119,000.

HumpbackWhale,anotherwhalespecies,hasalsobeenlistedasanendangeredmarinespecies.Beforethe

introductionofthewhalingmoratorium（暂停）in1966,thespecieswashuntedforitsfur,whilethepopulation

droppedby90%.Currently,around2,500HumpbackWhalessurviveintheworld.

HawaiianMonkSeal

AnativeoftheNorthwesternHawaiianIslands,HawaiianMonkSealisoneoftheearlesssealswholiveon

warmbeaches,unlikeotherseals.

Accordingtorecentresearch,only1,400HawaiianMonkSealsremainontheIslands.Thesesealsare

mainlythreatenedbypredatorsliketigersharks.Besides,otherreasonsHkehabitatlossandfoodlimitationalso

contributetotheircriticalsituation.

1.WhydoKemp'sRidleySeaTurtleslandonthebeachinlargegroups?

A.Tonest.B.Toreproduce.C.Toavoidattack.D.Tohuntfoods.

2.WhatisthemajorthreattoHawaiianMonkSeal?

A.Globalwarming.B.Lackoffood.

C.Naturalenemies.D.Habitatpollution.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthemostcriticallyendangeredspecies?

A.Vaquita.B.FinWhale.C.HumpbackWhale.D.HawaiianMonkSeal.

【答案速查】1.B2.C3.A

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些濒临灭绝的海洋物种的情况，旨在引起人们对海洋生

物保护的关注。

I.细节理解题。根据Kemp'sRidleySeaTurtle下面第二段的"DistributedthroughouttheGulfofMexicoandU.

S.Atlanticseaboard,theygatheroffthecoastinnortheasternMexicoandcomeashoreinlargegroupstolayeggs

everyyear.（它们分布在墨西哥湾和美国大西洋沿岸，每年都会聚集在墨西哥东北部海岸，成群结队地上岸产

卵）”可知，该地的海龟成群结队来到海滩上是为了繁衍后代。故选B。

2.细节理解题。根据最后一段的"Accordingtorecentresearch,only1,400HawaiianMonkSealsremainonthe

Islands.Thesesealsaremainlythreatenedbypredatorsliketigersharks.Besides,otherreasonslikehabitatlossand

foodlimitationalsocontributetotheircriticalsituation.（根据最近的研究，岛上只剩下1400只夏威夷蒙克海豹。

这些海豹主要受到虎鲨等捕食者的威胁。止匕外，栖息地丧失和食物限制等其他原因也导致了它们的危急状

况）”可知，夏威夷蒙克海豹的主要威胁来自于它们的天敌。故选C。

3.细节理解题。根据Vaquita下面第二段的“Accordingtoreports,thereareonlyadozenofthesemarine

mammalsleftintheworldsincethepercentageofdeclineintheirpopulationwasasmuchas90%since2011.（据报

道，自2011年以来，这些海洋哺乳动物的数量下降了90%,现在世界上只剩下十几只）”可知，Vaquita是最

濒危的物种。故选A。

❷。1@。©I

原句

DistributedthroughouttheGulfofMexicoandU.S.Atlanticseaboard,theygatheroffthecoastin

northeasternMexicoandcomeashoreinlargegroupstolayeggseveryyear.

译文

它们分布在墨西哥湾和美国大西洋沿岸，每年都会聚集在墨西哥东北部海岸，成群结队地上岸产卵.

分析

+--[主句：theygatheroffthecoastinnortheasternMexicoandcomeashoreinlargegroupstolayeggsevery

year]

I

+--[状语：DistributedthroughouttheGulfofMexicoandU.S.Atlanticseaboard]

I

十一[介词短语:throughouttheGulfofMexicoandU.S.Atlanticseaboard]

闻忙原］■

1.endangeredadj.濒危的2.recognizableadj.可辨认的

3.distributedadj.分布的4.seaboardn.海岸

5.ashoreadv.在岸上6.reptilen.爬行动物

7.extinctionn.灭绝8.extensiveadj.广泛的

9.estimaten.估计10.habitatn.栖息地

（二）

（2024•湖南长沙•—模）JosephDiturihasn'tseenthesunfortwofortnights.Andhewon'tseeitagainfor

months.SinceMarch1st,theprofessorhasbeenunderwater,withthegoalofspending100daysthere-forscience.

Ifsuccessful,hewillbreakthecurrentworldrecordfortimespentlivingunderwater,whichwassetbytwo

Tennesseebiologistsin2014whentheystayedbeneaththesurfacefor73days.

Dituri,whohasbeennicknamed"Dr.DeepSea”,islivinginJules9UnderseaLodge（小屋）inKeyLargo,

Florida-thesameunderwatervenuewherethepreviousrecordwasset.The100-square-foothotel,whichsits30feet

belowthesurface,ishistemporaryhome,whereheiscarryingoutresearchandgivingvirtuallecturesforhis

studentsattheUniversityofSouthFlorida.

“Thehumanbodyhasneverbeenunderwaterthatlong,soIwillbemonitoredclosely,Diturisaid."This

studywillexamineeverywaythisjourneyimpactsmybody,butmyhypothesis（彳度设）isthattherewillbe

improvementstomyhealthduetotheincreasedpressure.Thishypothesiscomesfromastudythatindicated

potentiallypositiveeffectsofpressureexposureoncellgrowthandvitality（活力），andDiturihopesthathis

underwaterexperiencecouldrevealwaystocombatage-relateddiseasesandlengthenlifespan.

Aspartofhisresearch,Dituriisinvestigatingtheeffectsoflivinginahigh-pressureenvironmentforan

extendedperiod.Tokeepwaterfromenteringthelodge,airmustconstantlybepumpedintothespacetocreatea

pressureabout1.6timeshigherthanthatoftheEarth?ssurface.Therefore,itcan'tbeachievedinhisownright.

Beforethejourney,Diturihadundergonepsychosocial,psychologicalandmedicaltests.Hecontinuesto

undergotestingduringandafterhis100daysatthelodge.tcThementalhealthpartofthisisimportant,becauseI'm

inanisolatedandlimitedenvironment,9,hesaid.

Beyondresearch,theprojectisalsoachancetocultivatechildren'senthusiasmforexploringthescience

field.Dituriinvitesabout40childrentostaywithhimfor24hoursatatimeandteachthemtodive.Tohim,this

outreachiswhatmakesthewholeprojectworthit-morethanthechanceforaworldrecord.

4.WhatdoweknowaboutDituri'sexperimentfromthetext?

A.ItisscheduledtoendonJuly9th.

B.Ithasbeenonfornearlyamonth.

C・Itsaimisjusttobreaktheworldrecord.

D.ItisconductedwheretwoTennesseebiologistssettled.

5.WhatisDituri?sattitudetowardtheimpacttheincreasedpressurehasonhealth?

A.Doubtful.B.Cautious.C.Hopeful.D.Unclear.

6.WhichscenepossiblyhappensinthecourseofDituri5slivingunderwater?

A.Hepumpstheairintothelodge.B.Heinstructsinvitedchildrentodive.

C.Heanalyzeshisownpsychosocialtests.D.Heexperimentsinaspaciouslodge.

7.WhydoesDituriinvitechildrentoexperiencetheunderwaterlife?

A.Toarousetheireagernessforscience.B.Tocasehislonelinessandisolation.

C.Tosetaworldrecordatfullstretch.D.Toprovethevalueofhisexperience.

【答案速查】4.B5.C6.B7.A

【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了科学家约瑟夫•迪图里潜水并在水下居住百日，挑战世界纪

录，旨在研究高压环境对人体的益处，同时激发儿童科学热情。

4.细节理解题。根据第一段中“JosephDiturihasn,tseenthesunfortwofortnights.（JosephDituri已经两个两周

没见太阳了）”可知，迪图里的实验持续了四周时间。故选B。

5.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thisstudywillexamineeverywaythisjourneyimpactsmybody,butmy

hypothesisisthattherewillbeimprovementstomyhealthduetotheincreasedpressure.（这项研究X等检验这次潜

水过程对我身体各方面的影响，但我假设由于增大的水压，我的健康状况会有所改善）”可知，迪图里认为增

大的水压会对健康有改善作用。故选C。

6.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Dituriinvitesabout40childrentostaywithhimfor24hoursatatimeandteach

themtodive.（迪图里邀请了大约40名儿童，让他们一次与他共度24小时，并教他们潜水）”可知，迪图里邀

请孩子跟他共处24小时，并且教他们潜水。故选B。

7.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Beyondresearch,theprojectisalsoachancetocultivatechildren'senthusiasm

forexploringthesciencefield.Dituriinvitesabout40childrentostaywithhimfor24hoursatatimeandteach

themtodive.（除了研究之外，这个项目也是一个培养孩子们对探索科学领域热情的机会。迪图里邀请了大约

40名儿童，让他们一次与他共度24小时，并教他们潜水）”可知，迪图里邀请孩子体验水下生活的原因是激

发他们对科学的渴望。故选A。

原句

Thisstudywillexamineeverywaythisjourneyimpactsmybody,butmyhypothesisisthattherewillbe

improvementstomyhealthduetotheincreasedpressure.

译文

这项研究将检验这次潜水过程对我身体各方面的影响，但我假设由于增大的水压，我的健康状况会有所

改善。

分析

+一[主句：Thisstudywillexamineeverywaythisjourneyimpactsmybody]

I

+--[并歹U句：butmyhypothesisisthattherewillbeimprovementstomyhealthduetotheincreased

pressure]

I

+-・[宾语从句：thattherewillbeimprovementstomyhealthduetotheincreasedpressure]

I

+--[原因状语：duetotheincreasedpressure]

1.fortnightn.两星期2.underwateradj.在水下的

3.currentadj.目前的4.temporaryadj.临时的

5.hypothesisn.假设6.combatv.与...战斗

7.extendedadj.延长的8.pressuren.压力

9.isolatedadj.隔离的10.cultivatev.培养

（三）

（2024•江苏盐城•模拟预测）Themalewesterntanager（唐纳雀）lookslikealittleflame,whilefemalesare

lessshowy,adustyyellow.Inthespring,theypreparetomovethousandsofmilestotheMountainWestofCentral

America,flyingthroughgrasslands,deserts,andoccasionally,suburbanyards.

Tofuelthemontheirlengthyjourney,westerntanagersfilluponinsectsandberries.Butasglobalclimate

changecausesspringtostartearlier,birdssuchaswesterntanagersarearrivingattheirdestinationafterwhat's

knownas“green-up”,whenflowersbeginbloomingandinsectsemerge.Accordingtoastudypublishedinearly

MarchinthejournalPNAS,thiskindoftimingmismatchbetweenmigrants（迁移动物）andtheirfoodsources,

whichishappeningacrossNorthAmerica,couldhaveseriousconsequencesformigratorybirds5survival."In

discussingclimatechange,weoftenfocusonwarming,saysScottLoss,aco-authorofthestudy.<6Butthelength

andtimingofseasons-likewhenwinterendsandspringbegins-aresomeofthemostdramaticeffectsof

climatechange.^^

Lossandhiscolleaguesusedsatelliteimageryfrom2002to2021tocalculatetheaveragestartofspring

green-upalongthetypicalmigrationroutesof150NorthAmericanbirdspecies,thencomparedthattimingwiththe

currentgreen-up.Theyfoundthatspringisindeedbeginningearlieralongbirds'migrationroutes.ctBycontrary,

previousstudieshavemainlyfocusedonsongbirdsinEasternNorthAmerica,saysMorganTingley,an

ornithologistatUCLA,"butthisnewinvestigationshowsthatbirdspeciesintheWestandatdifferentlevelsofthe

foodwebmightbejustasvulnerable（脆弱的）

“Partofitisknowingwhichspeciesarevulnerabletovariousthreats,Losssays."Thisaddstothe

knowledgeaboutvulnerabilityofawiderangeofbirdspecies.9,Andhehopesthattheinformationwillserveto

highlighttheurgentneedtolowergreenhouse-gasemissionsasfastaspossible.t4Ifsreallyimportant,ifwecan't

addressclimatechangeimmediately,totrytostophabitatlossasmuchaswecan.^^

8.Whatmayposeadirectthreattowesterntanagers9survival?

A.Globalwarming.B.Thedurationofchangingseasons.

C.Lossofhabitatsduetohumanactivities.D.Decreasedaccesstofoodsduringmigration.

9.Whatisuniqueaboutthenewstudyonbirdslikewesterntanagers?

A.Itcoversawidergeographicrange.B.Itrevealsthedeclineinbirdpopulations.

C.Itcentersontheadaptationofbirdspecies.D.Itensurestheexistenceofatimingmismatch.

10.WhatdoesLosssuggestwedotosafeguardmigratorybirds?

A.Lessentheeffectsofclimatechange.B.Preserveecosystemsforbirdspecies.

C.Addressemissionsandhabitatloss.D.Expandresearchesonthreatstobirds.

11.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Ascientificjournal.B.Abird-watchingguidebook.

C.Awebsiteaboutclimatechange.D.Amagazineaboutwildlifeconservation.

【答案速查】8.D9.A10.C11.A

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章从唐纳雀入手，分析北美迁移鸟类面临的挑战及其原因，最后提出建

议：希望尽快减少温室气体的排放，尽可能地阻止栖息地的丧失。

8.推理判断题。由第二段中的"Tofuelthemontheirlengthyjourney,westerntanagersfilluponinsectsand

berries.Butasglobalclimatechangecausesspringtostartearlier,birdssuchaswesterntanagersarearrivingat

theirdestinationafterwhat'sknownas“green-up”,whenflowersbeginbloomingandinsectsemerge.Accordingto

astudypublishedinearlyMarchinthejournalPNAS,thiskindoftimingmismatchbetweenmigrants（迁移动物）

andtheirfoodsources,whichishappeningacrossNorthAmerica,couldhaveseriousconsequencesformigratory

birds'survival.（为了在漫长的旅途中补充能量，西方唐纳雀以昆虫和浆果为食。但随着全球气候变化导致春

天提前到来，像唐纳雀这样的鸟类在所谓的“返青”之后才到达目的地，这时花朵开始绽放，昆虫开始出现。

根据3月初发表在《美国科学院院刊》上的一项研究，这种迁移动物和它们的食物来源之间的时间不匹配,

正在北美各地发生，可能会对候鸟的生存产生严重后果。）”可知，随着全球气候变化导致春季提前开始，唐

纳德雀迁徙期间获得食物的机会减少。故选D项。

9.推理判断题。由第三段中的“"Bycontrary,previousstudieshavemainlyfocusedonsongbirdsinEasternNorth

America,saysMorganTingley,anornithologistatUCLA,“butthisnewinvestigationshowsthatbirdspeciesin

theWestandatdifferentlevelsofthefoodwebmightbejustasvulnerable（脆弱的）（"相反，以前的研究主要集

中在北美东部的鸣禽上，”加州大学洛杉矶分校的鸟类学MorganTingley说，“但这项新的调查表明，西部和

食物网不同层次的鸟类物种可能同样脆弱。可知，先前的研究的是北美东部的鸣禽，这项关于像西部唐

纳雀这样的鸟类的新研究的独特之处在于它覆盖了更广泛的地理范围，不仅关注东北美地区的鸣禽，也包

括西部及食物链不同层级上的鸟类。故选A项。

10.细节理解题。由最后——段“Andhehopesthattheinformationwillservetohighlighttheurgentneedtolower

greenhouse-gasemissionsasfastaspossible.ctIfsreallyimportant,ifwecan'taddressclimatechange

immediately,totrytostophabitatlossasmuchaswecan.^^（他希望这些信息将有助于强调尽快降低温室气体排

放的迫切需要。“如果我们不能立即解决气候变化问题，那么尽我们所能阻止栖息地的丧失是非常重要

的。”广可知，作者期望能够尽快减少温室气体的排放，尽可能地阻止栖息地的丧失。故选C项。

11.推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由第二段中的“Tofuelthemontheirlengthyjourney,westerntanagersfillup

oninsectsandberries.Butasglobalclimatechangecausesspringtostartearlier,birdssuchaswesterntanagersare

arrivingattheirdestinationafterwhafsknownas“green-up”,whenflowersbeginbloomingandinsectsemerge.

AccordingtoastudypublishedinearlyMarchinthejournalPNAS,thiskindoftimingmismatchbetweenmigrants

（迁移动物）andtheirfoodsources,whichishappeningacrossNorthAmerica,couldhaveseriousconsequencesfor

migratorybirds5survival.（为了在漫长的旅途中补充能量，西方唐纳雀以昆虫和浆果为食。但随着全球气候变

化导致春天提前到来，像唐纳雀这样的鸟类在所谓的“返青”之后才到达目的地，这时花朵开始绽放，昆虫开

始出现。根据3月初发表在《美国科学院院刊》上的一项研究，这种迁移动物和它们的食物来源之间的时

间不匹配，正在北美各地发生，可能会对候鸟的生存产生严重后果。）”可知，本文介绍的是ScottLoss关于

鸟类迁移的一项科学研究，且引用了《美国科学院院刊》的话，所以最可能来源于科研杂志。故选A项。

原句

AccordingtoastudypublishedinearlyMarchinthejournalPNAS,thiskindoftimingmismatchbetween

migrants（迁移动物）andtheirfoodsources,whichishappeningacrossNorthAmerica,couldhaveserious

consequencesformigratorybirds'survival.

译文

根据3月初发表在《美国科学院院刊》上的一项研究，这种迁移动物和它们的食物来源之间的时间不匹

配，正在北美各地发生，可能会对候鸟的生存产生严重后果。

分析

+--[主句:thiskindoftimingmismatchbetweenmigrantsandtheirfoodsourcescouldhaveserious

consequencesformigratorybirds'survival]

I

+--[状语：AccordingtoastudypublishedinearlyMarchinthejournalPNAS]

I

+一[定语从句：whichishappeningacrossNorthAmerica]

+--[先行词：timingmismatch]

HE®®

1.migratev.迁移2.suburbanadj.交B区的

3.fuelv.加燃料4.1engthyadj.长期的

5.mismatchn.不匹配6.dramaticadj.显著的

7.satelliteimageryn.卫星图像8.ornithologistn.鸟类学家

9.vulnerabilityn.脆弱性10.greenhouse-gasn.温室气体

（四）

（2024•辽宁沈阳•三模）Cutintothetrunkofapinetree,andyouwillseeafamiliarseriesofconcentric（同

中心'的）rings.Butnotalltrunkstellthesamestory.AstudypublishedinNovemberrevealsthattheworld'soldest

treeshadaverydifferentstructure.

Some370millionyearsago,cladoxylopsidtreesstoodatleasteightmeterstall,coveredbybranchesinstead

ofleaves.Todaytheirrareremainsreveallittleabouttheirinsides;inmostcasestheirinnerstructureshadrotted

beforethetreesfossilize,andstormshadfilledthemwithsand.Buttherecentfindoftwowell-preservedfossilsin

Chinahasexposedthetrees9innerworkings-whicharelikenootherspeciesstudiedbefore.

Thecladoxylopsidtreewasemptyinside.Aroundtheedgeswerethick,verticalstrands（缕）containing

xylem（木质部），aplanttissuethatconductswaterandmineralsaltsfromtherootstoallotherparts.Modemtrees

addnewlayersofmultiplexylemastheygrow,creatingawoodytrunkwithasinglesetofconcentricrings.Butin

cladoxylopsids,"eachstrandofxylemhaditsowngrowthrings,“saysscientistChristopherM.BerryofCardiff

UniversityinWales.

Overatree9slifetimethestrandswouldweaveandcross."It'sjustincrediblycomplex,Berrysays.He

likensthesenetworksofflexibletissuesandstructurestotheEiffelTower-iftowercouldgrow,extendandsplit

itselfapartovertime.

Althoughthecladoxylopsidtreehasnolivingdescendantstoday,itisveryimportant.Brigitte

Meyer-Berthaud,ascientist,explainsthatthesetreeswereamong“themajorcarbonreservoirsofthePaleozoic”,a

timeperiodfrom542millionto251millionyearsago.Cladoxylopsidsmadeupourplanefsfirstforests,capturing

carbonfromtheatmosphereandplayingapartinadjustingEarth9sclimate.Giventhisfact,maybeweshouldstudy

thesetreesfortheforests.

12.Whatmakesithardtostudycladoxylopsidtrees?

A.Theirthickleaves.B.Theiramazingheight.

C.Theirpoorlypreservedremains.D.Theirfossilizedinnerstructures.

13.Whatdoweknowaboutcladoxylopsidtrees?

A.Theyhadmanyseparategrowthrings.

B.Theirsolidcorescontributedtotheirgrowth.

C.Theyhadasinglesetofregularconcentricrings.

D.Theirrootsneededmoremineralsaltsthanwater.

14.Whydoestheauthormention“theEiffelTower^^inparagraph4?

A.TostressthebeautyoftheEiffelTower.

B.Toprovetheeconomicstatusofthetree.

C.Todisclosehowlimitedthetree9slifetimeis.

D.Toshowhowcomplexthetree'snetworksare.

15.Whyshouldwestudycladoxylopsidtrees?

A.TheyweretheonlytreespresentduringthePaleozoicera.

B.Theyhelpedscientistsbetterprotectrichhistoricalculture.

C.TheyplayedasignificantroleinshapingtheEarthasitis.

D.TheydeterminedthecarboncontentintheEarth?satmosphere.

【答案速查】12.C13.A14.D15.C

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了克拉多校木树的独特内部结构和重要生态角色，强调其在

古代是重要的碳储存者和地球气候调节者，呼吁对其进行更深入的研究。

12.推理判断题。根据第二段的“Todaytheirrareremainsreveallittleabouttheirinsides;inmostcasestheirinner

structureshadrottedbeforethetreesfossilize,andstormshadfilledthemwithsand.（如今，它们罕见的残骸几乎

无法揭示它们的内部构造；在大多数情况下，它们的内部结构在树木变成化石之前就已经腐烂了，风暴用

沙子填满了它们。厂可知，大多数情况下，这些树的内部结构在成为化石之前就已经腐烂，风暴也会将它们

填满沙子，即它们的残骸保存地很差，这使得了解它们的内部结构变得困难。故选C。

13.细节理解题。根据第三段的"Modemtreesaddnewlayersofmultiplexylemastheygrow,creatingawoody

trunkwithasinglesetofconcentricrings.Butincladoxylopsids,"eachstrandofxylemhaditsowngrowthrings,“

saysscientistChristopherM.BerryofCardiffUniversityinWales.（现代的树木在生长的过程中会增加新的多层

木质部，形成一个具有单一同心环的木质树干。但威尔士卡迪夫大学的科学家ChristopherM.Berry说，在

克拉多枚木树中，"每条木质部都有自己的生长环可知，克拉多枝木树与现代树木形成单一的同心环结

构不同，它们有许多独立的生长环。故选A。

14.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Overatree'slifetimethestrandswouldweaveandcross.tcIfsjustincredibly

complex,9,Berrysays.HelikensthesenetworksofflexibletissuesandstructurestotheEiffelTower-iftower

couldgrow,extendandsplititselfapartovertime.（在树的一生中，这些线会交织在一起。贝瑞说：“这太复杂

了”。他把这些灵活的组织和结构网络比作埃菲尔铁塔——如果埃菲尔铁塔可以随着时间的推移而生长、延

伸和分裂。）''可知，克拉多枝木树的木质部形成了一种复杂的网络结构，作者用“埃菲尔铁塔”作比喻是为了

展示这种树木的网络结构是非常复杂的。故选D。

15.推理判断题o卞艮据最后——段的"Althoughthecladoxylopsidtreehasnolivingdescendantstoday,itisvery

important.BrigitteMeyer-Berthaud,ascientist,explainsthatthesetreeswereamong"themajorcarbonreservoirs

ofthePaleozoic”,atimeperiodfrom542millionto251millionyearsago.Cladoxylopsidsmadeupourplanet's

firstforests,capturingcarbonfromtheatmosphereandplayingapartinadjustingEarth'sclimate.Giventhisfact,

maybeweshouldstudythesetreesfortheforests.（虽然今天的克拉多枝木树没有存活的后代，但它非常重要。

科学家BrigitteMeyer-Berthaud解释说，这些树木是“古生代（5.42亿到2.51亿年前）主要的碳储存库”之一。

克拉多核木树成为了地球上的第一批森林，它们从大气中吸收碳，并在调节地球气候方面发挥了作用。考

虑到这个事实，也许我们应该为森林研究这些树木。）”可知，克拉多枚木树是地球上古生代时期的森林之一，

它们通过吸收大气中的碳并调节地球的气候，对塑造地球的气候产生了显著影响。故选C。

❷。1@。©I

原句

Cladoxylopsidsmadeupourplanet'sfirstforests,capturingcarbonfromtheatmosphereandplayingapartin

adjustingEarth?sclimate.

译文

克拉多枝木树成为了地球上的第一批森林，它们从大气中吸收碳，并在调节地球气候方面发挥了作用。

分析

+--[主句：Cladoxylopsidsmadeupourplanet5sfirstforests]

+--[伴随状语：capturingcarbonfromtheatmosphereandplayingapartinadjustingEarth'sclimate]

HE®®

1.concentricadj.同中心的2.revealv.揭示

3.cladoxylopsidn.枝蕨类植物4.fossilizev.使成化石

5.preservedadj.保存完好的6.exposev.暴露

7.conductv.传导8.mineralsaltn.矿物盐

9.layern.层lO.reservoirn.储存

（五）

（2024•湖南永州•三模）Astheseasonsarestartingtochangearoundtheworld,theanimalkingdomison

themove.Animalmigrationisoneofnature*sgreatwonders,buthowdoanimalsknowwhenitistimetosetoffon

theirjourney,orwheretheyneedtogo?Oncethey*veworkedouttheirdestination,howdotheyknowhowtoget

there?16.

Migrationisabehavioralpatternwhereanimalstravelfromonehabitattoanotherinsearchofsomething.It

happensseasonally,andusuallyinvolvesareturnjourney.