交通工程在线开放OnlineOpenCourseofSch

交通工程学院在线开放课程

OnlineOpenCourseofSchoolofTransportationEngineering《工程项目管理》

EngineeringProjectManagement江苏建筑职业技术学院交通工程学院

SchoolofTransportationEngineering

JiangsuVocationalandTechnicalCollegeofArchitecture

主讲人：靳会武

Speaker:JinHuiwu职业健康安全与环境管理occupationhealthsafetyandenvironmentmanagement

【核心知识点】

[Coreknowledgepoints]职业健康安全与环境管理目的Objectivesofoccupationalhealthsafetyandenvironmentalmanagement职业健康安全与环境管理任务Occupationalhealthandsafetyandenvironmentalmanagementtasks

建设工程职业健康安全与环境管理Occupationalhealthandsafetyandenvironmentalmanagementofconstructionproject

1.建设工程职业健康安全管理的目的1.Purposeofoccupationalhealthandsafetymanagementofconstructionproject

职业健康安全管理的目的是在生产活动中通过职业健康安全生产的管理活动,对影响生产的具体因素进行状态控制,使生产因素中的不安全行为和状态尽可能减少或消除,且不引发事故,以保证生产活动中人员的健康和安全。Thepurposeofoccupationalhealthandsafetymanagementistocontrolthespecificfactorsaffectingproductionthroughthemanagementactivitiesofoccupationalhealthandsafetyproductioninproductionactivities,sothattheunsafebehaviorandstateinproductionfactorscanbereducedoreliminatedasmuchaspossible,andnoaccidentscanbecausedtoensurethehealthandsafetyofpersonnelinproductionactivities.

对于建设工程项目,职业健康安全管理的目的是防止和尽可能减少生产安全事故、保护产品生产者的健康与安全、保障人民群众的生命和财产免受损失;控制影响或可能影响工作场所内的员工或其他工作人员(包括临时工和承包方员工)、访问者或任何其他人员的健康安全的条件和因素;避免因管理不当对在组织控制下工作的人员健康和安全造成危害。

Forconstructionprojects,thepurposeofoccupationalhealthandsafetymanagementisto

preventandminimizeproductionsafetyaccidents,protectthehealthandsafetyofproductproducers,andprotectpeople'slivesandpropertyfromlosses;controlconditionsandfactorsthataffectormayaffectthehealthandsafetyofemployeesorotherstaffintheworkplace(includingcasualandcontractoremployees),visitorsoranyotherperson;avoidharmtothehealthandsafetyofpersonnelworkingunderthecontroloftheorganizationduetoimpropermanagement.2.建设工程环境管理的目的2.Thepurposeofenvironmentalmanagementofconstructionprojects环境保护是我国的一项基本国策。环境管理的目的是保护生态环境,使社会的经济发展与人类的生存环境相协调。对于建设工程项目,环境保护主要是指保护和改善施工现场的环境。企业应当遵照国家和地方的相关法律法规以及行业和企业自身的要求采取措施控制施工现场的各种粉尘、废水、废气、固体废弃物以及噪声、振动对环境的污染和危害,并且要注意节约资源和避免资源的浪费。projectsEnvironmentalprotectionisabasicnationalpolicyofourcountry.Thepurposeofenvironmentalmanagementistoprotecttheecologicalenvironmentandcoordinatetheeconomicdevelopmentofsocietywiththelivingenvironmentofhumanbeings.Forconstructionprojects,environmentalprotectionmainlyreferstoprotectingandimprovingtheenvironmentoftheconstructionsite.Enterprisesshouldfollowtherelevantnationalandlocallawsandregulationsaswellastherequirementsoftheindustryandenterprisestotakemeasurestocontroltheconstructionsiteofvariousdust,wastewater,wastegas,solidwasteandnoise,vibrationpollutionandharmtotheenvironment,andshouldpayattentiontosavingresourcesandavoidwasteofresources.

职业健康安全与环境管理的特点和要求

一、建设工程职业健康安全与环境管理的特点

依据建设工程产品的特性,建设工程职业健康安全与环境管理有以下特点:

1.复杂性

建设项目的职业健康安全和环境管理涉及大量的露天作业,受到气候条件、工程地质和水文地质、地理条件和地域资源等不可控因素的影响较大。Thecharacteristicsandrequirementsofoccupationalhealth,safetyandenvironmentalmanagementThecharacteristicsofoccupationalhealth,safetyandenvironmentalmanagementofconstructionprojectsAccordingtothecharacteristicsofconstructionengineeringproducts,theoccupationalhealth,safetyandenvironmentalmanagementofconstructionprojectshasthefollowingcharacteristics:1.Occupationalhealth,safetyandenvironmentalmanagementofcomplexconstructionprojectsinvolvesalargenumberofopen-airoperations,whicharegreatlyaffectedbyuncontrollablefactorssuchasclimaticconditions,engineeringgeologyandhydrogeology,geographicalconditionsandregionalresources.

2.多变性(Variability)

一方面是项目建设现场材料、设备和工具的流动性大;另一方面由于技术进步,项目不断引入新材料、新设备和新工艺,这都加大了相应的管理难度。Ontheonehand,themobilityofmaterials,equipmentandtoolsintheprojectconstructionsiteislarge;ontheotherhand,duetotechnologicalprogress,theprojectcontinuestointroducenewmaterials,newequipmentandnewprocesses,whichhaveincreasedthecorrespondingmanagementdifficulty.

3.协调性(co-ordinated)

项目建设涉及的工种甚多,包括大量的高空作业、地下作业、用电作业、爆破作业、施工机械、起重作业等较危险的工程,并且各工种经常需要交叉或平行作业。

Theconstructionprojectsinvolvesmanytypesofwork,includingalargenumberofhigh-altitudeoperations,undergroundoperations,electricaloperations,blastingoperations,constructionmachinery,liftingoperationsandothermoredangerousprojects,andvarioustypesofworkoftenneedtocrossorparalleloperations.

4.持续性(continuous)

项目建设一般具有建设周期长的特点,从设计、实施直至投产阶段,诸多工序环环相扣。前一道工序的隐患,可能在后续的工序中暴露,酿成安全事故。Theconstructionprojectsgenerallyhasthecharacteristicsoflongconstructionperiod,fromdesign,implementationtoproductionstage,manyprocessesareinterlocking.Thehiddendangerofthepreviousprocessmaybeexposedinthesubsequentprocess,resultinginsafetyaccidents.

5.经济性(economy)

产品的时代性、社会性与多样性决定环境管理的经济性。Thetimes,socialityanddiversityofeconomicproductsdeterminetheeconomyofenvironmentalmanagement.

6.多样性(diversity)

产品的时代性和社会性决定了环境管理的多样性。Thetimesandsocialityofdiversifiedproductsdeterminethediversityofenvironmentalmanagement.

二、建设工程职业健康安全与环境管理的要求2.Requirementsforoccupationalhealth,safetyandenvironmentalmanagementofconstructionprojects

1.建设工程项目决策阶段1.Decision-makingstageofConstructionprojects

建设单位应按照有关建设工程法律法规的规定和强制性标准的要求,办理各种有关安全与环境保护方面的审批手续。对需要进行环境影响评价或安全预评价的建设工程项目,应组织或委托有相应资质的单位进行建设工程项目环境影响评价和安全预评价。Constructioncompanyshouldhandlevariousapprovalproceduresforsafetyandenvironmentalprotectioninaccordancewiththeprovisionsofrelevantlawsandregulationsofconstructionprojectsandtherequirementsofmandatorystandards.Forconstructionprojectsthatneedenvironmentalimpactassessmentorsafetypre-assessment,correspondingqualifiedunitsshouldbeorganizedorentrustedtocarryoutenvironmentalimpactassessmentandsafetypre-assessmentofconstructionprojects.2.建设工程设计阶段(thedesignstageofconstructionengineering)

设计单位应按照有关建设工程法律法规的规定和强制性标准的要求,进行环境保护设施和安全设施的设计,防止因设计考虑不周而导致生产安全事故的发生或对环境造成不良影响。

在进行工程设计时,设计单位应当考虑施工安全和防护需要,对涉及施工安全的重点部分和环节在设计文件中应进行注明,并对防范生产安全事故提出指导意见。Thedesigncompanyshoulddesignenvironmentalprotectionfacilitiesandsafetyfacilitiesinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofrelevantconstructionengineeringlawsandregulationsandtherequirementsofmandatorystandards,soastopreventtheoccurrenceofproductionsafetyaccidentsoradverseeffectsontheenvironmentcausedbyimproperdesignconsiderations.Intheprocessofengineeringdesign,thedesignunitshouldconsidertheneedsofconstructionsafetyandprotection,andthekeypartsandlinksinvolvingconstructionsafetyshouldbeindicatedinthedesigndocuments,andtheguidanceforpreventingproductionsafetyaccidentsshouldbeputforward.对于采用新结构、新材料、新工艺的建设工程和特殊结构的建设工程,设计单位应在设计中提出保障施工作业人员安全和预防生产安全事故的措施建议。

在工程总概算中,应明确工程安全环保设施费用、安全施工和环境保护措施费等。设计单位和注册建筑师等执业人员应当对其设计负责。

Fortheconstructionprojectsusingnewstructures,newmaterials,newprocessesandspecialstructures,thedesignunitshouldputforwardmeasuresandsuggestionstoensurethesafetyofconstructionworkersandpreventproductionsafetyaccidentsinthedesign.Inthetotalbudgetoftheproject,thecostofsafetyandenvironmentalprotectionfacilities,safetyconstructionandenvironmentalprotectionmeasuresshouldbeclarified.Designunitsandregisteredarchitectsandotherpractitionersshouldberesponsiblefortheirdesign.

3.建设工程施工阶段(Constructionstageofconstructionproject

)

建设单位在申请领取施工许可证时,应当提供建设工程有关安全施工措施的资料。

对于依法批准开工报告的建设工程,建设单位应当自开工报告批准之目起15日内,将保证安全施工的措施报送建设工程所在地的县级以上人民政府建设行政主管部门或者其他有关部门备案。

Theconstructioncompanyshallprovideinformationonthesafetyconstructionmeasuresoftheconstructionprojectwhenapplyingfortheconstructionpermit.Fortheconstructionprojectsthathaveapprovedthestart-upreportaccordingtolaw,theconstructionunitshallsubmitthemeasurestoensuresafeconstructiontotheconstructionadministrativedepartmentofthepeople'sgovernmentatorabovethecountylevelorotherrelevantdepartmentsfortherecordwithin15daysfromthedateofapprovalofthestart-upreport.

对于应当拆除的工程,建设单位应当在拆除工程施工15日前,将拆除施工单位资质等级证明,拟拆除建筑物、构筑物及可能涉及毗邻建筑的说明,拆除施工组织方案,堆放、清除废弃物的措施的资料报送建设工程所在地的县级以上的地方人民政府主管部门或者其他有关部门备案。Fortheprojectthatshouldbedemolished,theconstructionunitshall,15daysbeforethedemolitionoftheconstructionproject,submitthecertificateofthequalificationlevelofthedemolitionconstructionunit,thedescriptionofthebuildingsandstructurestobedemolishedandthepossibleadjacentbuildings,thedemolitionoftheconstructionorganizationplan,andthemeasuresforstackingandremovingwastetothecompetentdepartmentofthelocalpeople'sgovernmentatorabovethecountylevelwheretheconstructionprojectislocatedorotherrelevantdepartmentsfortherecord.

施工企业在其经营生产的活动中必须对本企业的安全生产负全面责任。企业的代表人是安全生产的第一负责人,项目经理是施工项目生产的主要负责人。Theconstructionenterprisemusttakefullresponsibilityforthesafetyproductionoftheenterpriseinitsproductionactivities.Therepresentativeoftheenterpriseisthefirstpersoninchargeofsafetyproduction,andtheprojectmanageristhemainpersoninchargeofconstructionprojectproduction.

施工企业应当具备安全生产的资质条件,取得安全生产许可证的施工企业应设立安全机构,配备合格的安全人员,提供必要的资源;要建立健全职业健康安全体系以及有关的安全生产责任制和各项安全生产规章制度。对项目要编制切合实际的安全生产计划,制定职业健康安全保障措施;实施安全教育培训制度,不断提高员工的安全意识和安全生产素质。

Constructionenterprisesshouldhavethequalificationconditionsforsafeproduction.Constructionenterprisesthathaveobtainedsafetyproductionlicensesshouldsetupsafetyagencies,equipqualifiedsafetypersonnel,andprovidenecessaryresources;itisnecessarytoestablishandimprovetheoccupationalhealthandsafetysystemandrelatedsafetyproductionresponsibilitysystemandvarioussafetyproductionrulesandregulations.Theprojectshouldprepareapracticalsafetyproductionplanandformulateoccupationalhealthandsafetyguaranteemeasures;implementthesafetyeducationandtrainingsystem,andcontinuouslyimprovethesafetyawarenessandsafetyproductionqualityofemployees.

建设工程实行总承包的,由总承包单位对施工现场的安全生产负总责并自行完成工程主体结构的施工。分包单位应当接受总承包单位的安全生产管理,分包合同中应当明确各自的安全生产方面的权利、义务。分包单位不服从管理导致生产安全事故的,由分包单位承担主要责任,总承包和分包单位对分包工程的安全生产承担连带责任。Thegeneralcontractorisresponsibleforthesafetyproductionoftheconstructionsiteandcompletestheconstructionofthemainstructureoftheprojectbyitself.Thesubcontractorshallacceptthesafetyproductionmanagementofthegeneralcontractor,andthesubcontractshallclarifytheirrespectiverightsandobligationsinsafetyproduction.Ifthesubcontractordoesnotobeythemanagementandleadstoproductionsafetyaccidents,thesubcontractorshallbearthemainresponsibility,andthegeneralcontractorandsubcontractorshallbearjointandseveralliabili