交通工程学院 在线开放课程 Online Open Course of School of Transportation Engineering-1737992642456

交通工程学院在线开放课程

OnlineOpenCourseofSchoolofTransportationEngineering《工程项目管理》

EngineeringProjectManagement江苏建筑职业技术学院交通工程学院

SchoolofTransportationEngineering

JiangsuVocationalandTechnicalCollegeofArchitecture

主讲人：靳会武

Speaker:JinHuiwu职业健康安全事故分类和处理Occupationalhealthsafetyaccidentclassificationandprocessing

【核心知识点】

[Coreknowledgepoints]职业伤害事故的分类Classificationofoccupationalinjuryaccidents工程安全事故的处理Treatmentofengineeringsafetyaccidents一、职业伤害事故的分类

职业健康安全事故分两大类型,即职业伤害事故与职业病。职业伤害事故是指因生产过程及工作原因或与其相关的其他原因造成的伤亡事故。1.ClassificationofoccupationalinjuryaccidentsOccupationalhealthandsafetyaccidentsaredividedintotwotypes,namelyoccupationalinjuryaccidentsandoccupationaldiseases.Occupationalinjuryaccidentsrefertocasualtiescausedbyproductionprocessandworkreasonsorotherrelatedreasons.

1.按照事故发生的原因分类1.Accordingtothecauseoftheaccidentclassification

职业伤害事故分为20类,其中与建筑业有关的有以下12类‥物体打击、车辆伤害、机械伤害、起重伤害、触电、灼烫、火灾、高处坠落、坍塌、火药爆炸、中毒和窒息、其他伤害等。Occupationalinjuryaccidentsaredividedinto20categories,whicharerelatedtotheconstructionindustryhasthefollowing12categories:objecthit,vehicleinjury,mechanicalinjury,liftinginjury,electricshock,burns,fire,highfalling,collapse,gunpowderexplosion,poisoningandsuffocation,otherinjuries.

以上12类职业伤害事故中,在建设工程领域中最常见的是高处坠落、物体打击、机械伤害、触电、坍塌、中毒、火灾7类。

2.按事故严重程度分类

按事故严重程度分类,事故分为:

(1)轻伤事故,是指造成职工肢体或某些器官功能性或器质性轻度损伤,能引起劳动能力轻度或暂时丧失的伤害的事故,一般每个受伤人员休息1个工作日以上(含1个工作日),105个工作日以下。Amongtheabove12typesofoccupationalinjuryaccidents,themostcommononesinthefieldofconstructionengineeringarehighfall,objectstrike,mechanicalinjury,electricshock,collapse,poisoningandfire.2.Accordingtotheseverityoftheaccidentclassificationaccordingtotheseverityoftheaccidentclassification,theaccidentisdividedinto:(1)minorinjuryaccident,referstothebodyorsomeorganscausedbyfunctionalororganicmildinjury,cancausemildortemporarylossoflaborcapacityoftheaccident,generallyeachinjuredpersontorestmorethan1workingday(including1workingday),105workingdaysorless.

(2)重伤事故,一般指受伤人员肢体残缺或视觉、听觉等器官受到严重损伤,能引起人体长期存在功能障碍或劳动能力有重大损失的伤害,或者造成每个受伤人损失105工作日以上(含105个工作日)的失能伤害的事故。

(3)死亡事故,其中,重大伤亡事故指一次事故中死亡1-2人的事故;特大伤亡事故指一次事故死亡3人以上(含3人)的事故。(2)Seriousinjuryaccident,generallyreferstotheinjuredpersonlimbdeformityorvisual,auditoryandotherorgansareseverelydamaged,cancauselong-termdysfunctionofthehumanbodyorlaborabilityhasasignificantlossofdamage,orcauseeachinjuredpersonlossmorethan105workingdays(including105workingdays)ofdisabilityinjuryaccident.(3)deathaccident,inwhichthemajorcasualtyaccidentreferstoanaccidentinwhich1-2peoplediedinanaccident;afatalaccidentreferstoanaccidentinwhichmorethan3people(including3people)dieinoneaccident.

3.按事故造成的人员伤亡或者直接经济损失分类

按生产安全事故(以下简称事故)造成的人员伤亡或者直接经济损失,事故分为：

(1)特别重大事故,是指造成30人以上死亡,或者100人以上重伤(包括急性工业中毒,下同),或者1亿元以上直接经济损失的事故。

(2)重大事故,是指造成10人以上30人以下死亡,或者50人以上100人以下重伤,或者5000万元以上1亿元以下直接经济损失的事故。3.Accordingtotheclassificationofcasualtiesordirecteconomiclossescausedbyaccidents,accordingtothecasualtiesordirecteconomiclossescausedbyproductionsafetyaccidents(hereinafterreferredtoasaccidents),theaccidentsaredividedinto:(1)Specialmajoraccidents,whichrefertoaccidentsthatcausemorethan30deaths,ormorethan100seriousinjuries(includingacuteindustrialpoisoning,thesamebelow),ormorethan100millionyuanofdirecteconomiclosses.(2)Majoraccidentsrefertotheaccidentsthatcausemorethan10peopleandlessthan30peopledead,ormorethan50peopleandlessthan100peopleseriouslyinjured,ormorethan50millionyuanandlessthan100millionyuandirecteconomiclosses.

(3)较大事故,是指造成3人以上10人以下死亡,或者10人以上50人以下重伤,或者1000万元以上5000万元以下直接经济损失的事故。

(4)一般事故,是指造成3人以下死亡,或者10人以下重伤,或者1000万元以下直接经济损失的事故。(3)Amajoraccidentreferstoanaccidentthatcausesmorethan3peopleandlessthan10peopletodie,ormorethan10peopleandlessthan50peopletobeseriouslyinjured,oradirecteconomiclossofmorethan10millionyuanandlessthan50millionyuan.(4)Generalaccidentreferstotheaccidentthatcauseslessthan3peopledead,orlessthan10peopleseriouslyinjured,orlessthan10millionyuandirecteconomiclosses.

二、建设工程安全事故的处理

一旦事故发生,通过应急预案的实施,尽可能防止事态的扩大和减少事故的损失。通过事故处理程序,查明原因,制定相应的纠正和预防措施,避免类似事故的再次发生。

1.事故处理的原则(“四不放过”原则)

国家对发生事故后的“四不放过”处理原则,其具体内容如下:

2.TreatmentofconstructionsafetyaccidentsOncetheaccidentoccurs,throughtheimplementationofemergencyplans,asfaraspossibletopreventtheexpansionofthesituationandreducethelossoftheaccident.Throughtheaccidenthandlingprocedures,identifythecauses,formulatecorrespondingcorrectiveandpreventivemeasurestoavoidtherecurrenceofsimilaraccidents.（1）.PrinciplesforHandlingAccidents(the"FourNoLeave"Principle)Theprincipleof"FourNoLeave"afteranaccidentisdealtwithbythestateasfollows:

2.TreatmentofconstructionsafetyaccidentsOncetheaccidentoccurs,throughtheimplementationofemergencyplans,asfaraspossibletopreventtheexpansionofthesituationandreducethelossoftheaccident.Throughtheaccidenthandlingprocedures,identifythecauses,formulatecorrespondingcorrectiveandpreventivemeasurestoavoidtherecurrenceofsimilaraccidents.1.PrinciplesforHandlingAccidents(the"FourNoLeave"Principle)Theprincipleof"FourNoLeave"afteranaccidentisdealtwithbythestateasfollows:

1)事故原因未查清不放过

2)事故责任人未受到处理不放过

3)事故责任人和周围群众没有受到教育不放过

4)事故没有制定切实可行的整改措施不放过1)thecauseoftheaccidenthasnotbeenfoundout2)thepersonresponsiblefortheaccidenthasnotbeendealtwith3)thepersonresponsiblefortheaccidentandthesurroundingpeoplehavenotbeeneducated4)theaccidenthasnotformulatedpracticalcorrectivemeasures2.建设工程安全事故处理措施

1)按规定向有关部门报告事故情况

事故发生后,事故现场有关人员应当立即向本单位负责人报告;单位负责人接到报告后,应当于1小时内向事故发生地县级以上人民政府安全生产监督管理部门和负安全生产监督管理职责的有关部门报告,并有组织、有指挥地抢救伤员、排除险情;应当防止人为或自然因素的破坏,便于事故原因的调查。2.Constructionprojectsafetyaccidenttreatmentmeasures1)reporttheaccidenttotherelevantdepartmentsaccordingtotheprovisionsAftertheaccident,therelevantpersonnelatthesceneoftheaccidentshouldimmediatelyreporttothepersoninchargeoftheunit;afterreceivingthereport,thepersoninchargeoftheunitshallreporttothesafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagementdepartmentofthepeople'sgovernmentatorabovethecountylevelandtherelevantdepartmentsresponsibleforthesupervisionandmanagementofsafetyproductionwithin1hour,andorganizeandcommandtherescueofthewoundedandeliminatethedanger.Thedestructionofman-madeornaturalfactorsshouldbepreventedtofacilitatetheinvestigationofthecauseoftheaccident.

由于建设行政主管部门是建设安全生产的监督管理部门,对建设安全生产实行的是统一的监督管理,因此,各个行业的建设施工中出现了安全事故,都应当向建设行政主管部门报告。对于专业工程的施工中出现生产安全事故的,由于有关的专业主管部门也承担着对建设安全生产的监督管理职能,因此,专业工程出现安全事故,还需要向有关行业主管部门报告。Sincetheconstructionadministrativedepartmentisthesupervisionandmanagementdepartmentofconstructionsafetyproduction,theunifiedsupervisionandmanagementofconstructionsafetyproductionisimplemented.Therefore,safetyaccidentsintheconstructionofvariousindustriesshouldbereportedtotheconstructionadministrativedepartment.Forproductionsafetyaccidentsintheconstructionofprofessionalprojects,duetotherelevantprofessionalauthoritiesalsobearthesupervisionandmanagementfunctionsofconstructionsafetyproduction,therefore,professionalengineeringsafetyaccidents,butalsoneedtoreporttotherelevantindustryauthorities.

(1)情况紧急时,事故现场有关人员可以直接向事故发生地县级以上人民政府安全生产监督管理部门和负有安全生产监督管理职责的有关部门报告。

(2)安全生产监督管理部门和负有安全生产监督管理职责的有关部门接到事故报告后,应当依照下列规定上报事故情况,并通知公安机关、劳动保障行政部门、工会和人民检察院。(1)Incaseofemergency,therelevantpersonnelattheaccidentsitecandirectlyreporttotheproductionsafetysupervisionandmanagementdepartmentsofthepeople'sgovernmentsatorabovethecountylevelandtherelevantdepartmentsresponsibleforthesupervisionandmanagementofproductionsafety.(2)Afterreceivingtheaccidentreport,thesafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagementdepartmentandtherelevantdepartmentsresponsibleforsafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagementshouldreporttheaccidentsituationinaccordancewiththefollowingprovisions,andnotifythepublicsecurityorgans,laborsecurityadministrativedepartments,tradeunionsandpeople'sprocuratorates.

①特别重大事故、重大事故逐级上报至国务院安全生产监督管理部门和负有安全生产监督管理职责的有关部门。

②较大事故逐级上报至省、自治区、直辖市人民政府安全生产监督管理部门和负有安全生产监督管理职责的有关部门。

(1)SpecialmajoraccidentsandmajoraccidentsarereportedtothesafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagementdepartmentoftheStateCouncilandtherelevantdepartmentsresponsibleforsafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagement.(2)Majoraccidentsarereportedtothesafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagementdepartmentsofthepeople'sgovernmentsofprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyunderthecentralgovernmentandtherelevantdepartmentsresponsibleforsafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagement.

③一般事故上报至设区的市级人民政府安全生产监督管理部门和负有安全生产监督管理职责的有关部门。

安全生产监督管理部门和负有安全生产监督管理职责的有关部门依照前款规定上报事故情况,应当同时报告本级人民政府。3Generalaccidentsarereportedtothemunicipalpeople'sgovernmentsafetysupervisionandmanagementdepartmentsandtherelevantdepartmentsresponsibleforsafetysupervisionandmanagementresponsibilities.Thesafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagementdepartmentandtherelevantdepartmentsresponsibleforthesupervisionandmanagementofsafetyproductionshallreporttheaccidentsituationtothepeople'sgovernmentatthesamelevelinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraph.

216/600国务院安全生产监督管理部门和负有安全生产监督管理职责的有关部门以及省级人民政府接到发生特别重大事故、重大事故的报告后,应当立即报告国务院。必要时,安全生产监督管理部门和负有安全生产监督管理职责的有关部门可以越级上报事故情况。TheproductionsafetysupervisionandmanagementdepartmentoftheStateCouncil,therelevantdepartmentsresponsibleforthesupervisionandmanagementofproductionsafetyandtheprovincialpeople'sgovernmentshallimmediatelyreporttotheStateCouncilafterreceivingreportsofspecialmajoraccidentsandmajoraccidents.Whennecessary,thesafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagementdepartmentandtherelevantdepartmentsresponsibleforthesupervisionandmanagementofsafetyproductioncanreporttheaccidentsituation.

216/600安全生产监督管理部门和负有安全生产监督管理职责的有关部门逐级上报事故情况每级上报的时间不得超过2小时。事故报告后出现新情况的,应当及时补报。Thetimeforsafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagementdepartmentsandrelevantdepartmentsresponsibleforsafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagementtoreportaccidentsateachlevelshouldnotexceed2hours.Ifthereisanewsituationaftertheaccidentreport,itshouldbereportedintime.

2)组织调查组,开展事故调查

(1)特别重大事故由国务院或者国务院授权有关部门组织事故调查组进行调查。重大事故、较大事故、一般事故分别由事故发生地省级人民政府、设区的市级人民政府、县级人民政府负责调查。省级人民政府、设区的市级人民政府、县级人民政府可以直接组织事故调查组进行调查,也可以授权或者委托有关部门组织事故调查组进行调查。未造成人员伤亡的一般事故,县级人民政府也可以委托事故发生单位组织事故调查组进行调查。2)Organizeinvestigationgrouptocarryoutaccidentinvestigation(1)SpecialmajoraccidentsshallbeinvestigatedbytheStateCouncilortherelevantdepartmentsauthorizedbytheStateCounciltoorganizeaccidentinvestigationgroup.Majoraccidents,majoraccidentsandgeneralaccidentsareinvestigatedbytheprovincialpeople'sgovernment,themunicipalpeople'sgovernmentandthecountypeople'sgovernmentrespectively.Theprovincialpeople'sgovernment,themunicipalpeople'sgovernmentdividedintodistricts,andthecountypeople'sgovernmentmaydirectlyorganizeanaccidentinvestigationteamtoinvestigate,ormayauthorizeorentrustrelevantdepartmentstoorganizeanaccidentinvestigationteamtoinvestigate.Forgeneralaccidentsthatdonotcausecasualties,thecounty-levelpeople'sgovernmentmayalsoentrusttheaccidentunittoorganizeanaccidentinvestigationteamtoconductaninvestigation.

(2)事故调查组有权向有关单位和个人了解与事故有关的情况,并要求其提供相关文件、资料,有关单位和个人不得拒绝。事故发生单位的负责人和有关人员在事故调查期间不得擅离职守,并应当随时接受事故调查组的询问，如实提供有关情况。事故调查中发现涉嫌犯罪的,事故调查组应当及时将有关材料或者其复印件移交司法机关处理。(2)Theaccidentinvestigationteamshallhavetherighttoasktheunitsandindividualsconcernedaboutthesituationrelatedtotheaccidentandaskthemtoproviderelevantdocumentsandinformation.Theunitsandindividualsconcernedshallnotrefuse.Thepersoninchargeoftheaccidentunitandtherelevantpersonnelshallnotleavetheirdutieswithoutauthorizationduringtheaccidentinvestigation,andshallbequestionedbytheaccidentinvestigationteamatanytimetoprovidetherelevantinformationtruthfully.Ifacrimeisfoundintheaccidentinvestigation,theaccidentinvestigationteamshouldtransfertherelevantmaterialsortheircopiestothejudicialorgansintime.

3)现场勘查（

Siteinvestigation）

事故发生后,调查组应迅速到现场进行及时、全面、准确和客观勘查,包括现场笔录、现场拍照和现场绘图。Aftertheaccident,theinvestigationteamshouldquicklygotothescenefortimely,comprehensive,accurateandobjectiveinvestigation,includingon-siterecords,on-sitephotosandon-sitedrawings.

4)分析事故原因（

Analysisofthecauseoftheaccident）

通过调查分析,查明事故经过,按受伤部位、受伤性质、起因物、致害物、伤害方法、不安全状态、不安全行为等,查清事故原因,包括人、物、生产管理和技术管理等方面的原因。通过直接和间接地分析,确定事故的直接责任者、间接责任者和主要责任者。

Throughinvestigationandanalysis,findouttheaccidentprocess,accordingtotheinjuredpart,thenatureoftheinjury,thecause,thecauseoftheinjury,themethodofinjury,theunsafestate,theunsafebehavior,etc.,tofindoutthecauseoftheaccident,includingpeople,things,productionmanagementandtechnicalmanagementandotherreasons.Throughdirectandindirectanalysis,thedirect,indirectandmainresponsiblepersonsoftheaccidentaredetermined.

5)制定预防措施（

Developpreventivemeasures）

根据事故原因分析,制定防止类似事故再次发生的预防措施。根据事故后果和事故责任者应负的责任提出处理意见。Accordingtothecauseoftheaccidentanalysis,developpreventivemeasurestopreventsimilaraccidentsfromhappeningagain.Accordingtotheconsequencesoftheaccidentandtheresponsibilityofthepersonresponsiblefortheaccident,thehandlingopinionsareputforward.

6)提交事故调查报告（

Submissionofaccidentinvestigationreport）

事故调查组应当自事故发生之日起60日内提交事故调查报告;特殊情况下,经负责事故调查的人民政府批准,提交事故调查报告的期限可以适当延长,但延长的期限最长不超过60日。事故调查报告应当包括下列内容：

Theaccidentinvestigationteamshallsubmittheaccidentinvestigationreportwithin60daysfromthedateoftheaccident;underspecialcircumstances,withtheapprovalofthepeople'sgovernmentinchargeofaccidentinvestigation,thetimelimitforsubmittinganaccidentinvestigationreportmaybeappropriatelyextended,butthemaximumextensionperiodshallnotexceed60days.Theaccidentinvestigationreportshouldincludethefollowingcontents:(1)事故发生单位概况。

(2)事故发生经过和事故救援情况。

(3)事故造成的人员伤亡和直接经济损失。

(4)事故发生的原因和事故性质。

(5)事故责任的认定以及对事故责任者的处理建议。

(6)事故防范和整改措施。

7)事故的审理和结案(1)Overviewoftheaccidentunit.(2)Accidentprocessandaccidentrescuesituation.(3)Casualtiesanddirecteconomiclossescausedbytheaccident.(4)Thecauseandnatureoftheaccident.(5)Theidentificationofaccidentliabilityandsuggestionsforthetreatmentofthoseresponsiblefortheaccident.(6)Accidentpreventionandrectificationmeasures.(7)Trialandconclusionoftheaccident

重大事故、较大事故、一般事故,负责事故调查的人民政府应当自收到事故调查报告之日起15日