2025高考英语二轮复习强化练 高考题型组合练作业13 人与动植物类说明文

2025高考英语大二轮专题强化练高考题型组合练作业13

人与动植物类说明文作业13人与动植物类说明文

A

（2020・全国I）

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientific

research.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,for

example,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employees

wereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastep

further-changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,even

unusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhen

they'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."We're

thinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseevery

day,“explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow（发光）inexperimentsusingsome

commonvegetables.Strano?steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-half

hours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.The

technology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesinto

self-poweredstreetlamps.

Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedonto

plantleavesina②one-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant,slifetime.Theengineersarealso

tryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingis

oftenfarremovedfromthepowersource-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlamps

onaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethis

distanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.

1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

2.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?

A.Todetectplants?lackofwater.

B.Tochangecompositionsofplants.

C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.

D.Totestchemicalsinplants.

3.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?

A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.

B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.

C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.

D・Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

D.Howareglowingplantsmade④pollution-free?

语境猜词

①productive（派）=product+ive

②one-off（合）=one+off

③transmission（派）=transmi（t）+ssion

④pollution-free（合）=pollution+free

B

（2023•全国甲）

Grizzlybears,whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg,occupyaconflicted

comeroftheAmericanpsyche-werevere（敬畏）themevenastheygiveusfrightening

dreams.Askthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthat①floodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhat

theymosthopetosee,andtheiranswerisoftenthesame：agrizzlybear.

“Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange,“saysbearbiologist

ChrisServheen.Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaven'tbeenseenina

centuryormore,they'reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.

ThewesternhalfoftheU.S.wasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame,witharoughnumber

of50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.Bytheearly1970s,aftercenturiesofcruel

andcontinuoushuntingbysettlers,600to800grizzliesremainedonamere2percentoftheir

formerrangeintheNorthernRockies.In1975,grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpecies

Act.

Today,thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheU.S.Theirrecoveryhasbeenso

successfulthattheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedto②de-listgrizzlies,which

wouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswereoverturneddueto

@lawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow,grizzliesremainlisted.

Obviously,ifprecautions（预防）aren'ttaken,grizzliescanbecometroublesome,sometimes

killingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodand

attractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites,grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Putting

electricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveat

gettinggrizzliesaway."Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpass

throughwithoutlearningbadhabits,“saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbears

inandaroundMissoula.

5.HowdoAmericanslookatgrizzlies?

A.Theycausemixedfeelingsinpeople.

B.Theyshouldbekeptinnationalparks.

C.Theyareofhighscientificvalue.

D.TheyareasymbolofAmericanculture.

6.Whathashelpedtheincreaseofthegrizzlypopulation?

A.TheEuropeansettlers?behavior.

B.Theexpansionofbears,range.

C.Theprotectionbylawsince1975.

D.ThesupportofNativeAmericans.

7.WhathasstoppedtheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicefromde-listinggrizzlies?

A.Theoppositionofconservationgroups.

B.Thesuccessfulcomebackofgrizzlies.

C.Thevoiceofthebiologists.

D.Thelocalfarmers'advocates.

8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.

B.Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.

C.Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.

D.Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.

语境猜词

①flood熟义：加洪水，水灾

生义（文义）：v._____________________

②de-list（派）=de+list_____________________

③overturn（合）=over+turn

④lawsuit（合）=law+suit___________________________________________________

⑤attractant（派）=attract+ant

C

（2024•江苏连云港高三二模）

Thescienceofwhyinsectsgatheraroundlightsatnighthasneverbeennaileddown.Popular

theoriesproposethatmothsandotherinsectsnavigate（确定方向）bythemoonandmistakelamps

formoonlight,orthattheinsectsflytowardslighttoescapecomingdanger.Nowresearchers

believetheyhaveamoreconvincinganswer:contrarytocurrenttheories，insectsarenotattracted

tolightfromfaraway,butbecometrappediftheyflyclosetoanartificiallightsource.

AccordingtoDrSamFabian,studyco-authorandImperialCollegeLondon'entomologist,

mothsandmanyotherinsectsthatflyatnightevolvedtotilt（倾斜）theirbackstowhereveris

brightest.Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,thiswastheskyratherthantheground.Thetricktold

insectswhichwaywasupandensuredtheyflewlevel.Butthencameartificiallighting.Moths

foundthemselvestiltingtheirbackstostreetlamps.Thiscausedthemtocirclearoundthelamps

endlessly,theinsectstrappedbytheirevolution.

（2）

Fabianandhiscolleaguesfilmedinsectflightpathsaroundlightsinthelab.Thevideosreveal

thattimeandagain,mothsanddragonfliesturnedtheirbackstoartificiallights,whichappearedto

greatlychangetheirflightpaths."Ifthelightisabovethem,theymightstartorbitingit,butifit's

behindthem,theystarttiltingbackwardsandmayclimbupandupuntiltheyfall,“Fabiansaid.

Researchershavelongwarnedthatlightpollutionisabigdrivingforceinthedramaticdecline

ininsectpopulations.Mothsandotherinsectsthatbecometrappedaroundlampsbecomeeasily

caughtbybats.Theartificiallightingcanalsofoolthemintothinkingitisdaytime,causingthemto

beddownandskipanight'sfeeding.

Thereare,Fabianbelieves,helpfullessonsfromtheresearch."Whatthistellsusisthatthe

directionofartificiallightmatters.Couldwechangelightingenvironmentstonottrapinsects?For

we'refacingamassivedeclineininsectsaroundtheworld,andartificiallightatnightisoneof

thefactorsthatcouldpotentiallybeleadingtothisdecline,“Fabiansaid.

9.Whatdotheunderlinedphrase“naileddown“inparagraph1mean?

A.Popularizedwidely.B.Discussedopenly.

C・Definedaccurately.D.Exploredacademically.

10.WhydomothscirclearoundthelampsendlesslyaccordingtoFabian,sstudy?

A.Becausetheycan'tkeeptheirbalance.

B.Becausetheyuseimproperflightattitude.

C.Becausetheylosetrackofwhichwayisup.

D・Becausetheyareattractedtolightsfromfaraway.

11.Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearchfinding?

A.Itmayleadtobetterconservationofinsects.

B.Naturalenemiesofinsectswillbegotridof.

C.Artificiallightingwillbegreatlyreducedatnight.

D・Itmayraiseconcernsforinsects,eatingbehavior.

12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Whyinsectslosetheirabilitytoflyatnight.

B.Whyartificiallightandevolutiontrapinsects.

C.Howartificiallightimpactsinsectpopulations.

D.Howinsectsevolveddistinctstrategiesofflight.

语境猜词

①entomologist（派）=entomolog（y）+ist

②Him熟义：加电影，影片

生义（文义）：o._____________________

③popularize（派）=popular+ize

语境猜词答案

A.①多产的，高效的②一次性的③传输，传送④无污染的

B.①大量涌入②除名③推翻，撤销④诉讼，起诉⑤引诱物，引诱剂

C.①昆虫学者②录制，拍摄③宣传，推广；使普及

答案精析

语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色植物的积极作用，因此麻省理工学院的工程

师们研发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，

指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。

1.D［段落大意题。根据第一段的主题句（第二句）“Recentstudieshavefoundpositive

effects.并结合下文“Astudy...withhouseplants.可知，最近的研究发现了植物的积极作

用。故选D。］

2.A［细节理解题。根据第二段第二句"Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedonto

theirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwater.”可知，叶子上的传感器用来显示植物什么

时候缺水。故选A。］

3.C［推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句"Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeused

tolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.”可知，有朝一日新技术能

够让植物为房间提供照明，甚至使街道两旁的树木变为自我供电的路灯。又根据最后一段最

后一■句"Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy."可知，发光植

物可以避免远距离输电带来的损耗，从而节省能源。综上可知，发光植物可以降低能源消耗。

故选C。］

4.C［标题归纳题。本文重点介绍了发光植物对生活照明的影响，预测发光植物有可能取代

路灯，达到节约能源的效果。故C项“发光植物会取代灯吗”是本文的最佳标题。故选C。］

语篇解读本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到了2000多头，但也带来了一

些问题。

5.A［细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，美国人对灰熊既害怕又敬畏。故选A。］

6.C［推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句以及第四段第一句可推知，自1975年起，有了法

律的保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C。］

7.A［细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句可知，是保护组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野

生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A。］

8.B［推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，灰熊数量增长虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如

果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B。］

语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于昆虫夜晚趋光的研究以及其意义。

9.C［词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文可知，对于昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围这一问

题没有标准答案，只有一些理论猜想，而且科学家仍在探索这一现象，故可推知画线短语所

在句意为“关于为什么昆虫在夜间会围绕着灯这一科学问题从未得到准确解释”，由此推测

画线短语意为“准确解释”，与C项意义相近。故选C。］

10.B［细节理解题。根据第二段可知，正常情况下飞蛾将背向最亮处即天空倾斜，以此保

持水平飞行，而当飞蛾背向路灯倾斜，由于路灯的光源是散射的，而它飞行的角度仍然采用

与在月光下的飞行相同的角度，这就使它围着路灯散射的光源打转，故是不正确的飞行姿势

导致飞蛾无休止地绕着灯转。故选B。］

11.A［推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这项研究结果的意义是告诉我们可以改变人造光

的方向，使昆虫不被困住，从而更好地保护昆虫。故选A。］

12.B［主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其第二段可知，文章

主要介绍了研究发现昆虫因进化而在夜间无休止地围绕人造

光转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，更好地保护昆虫，

所以B项“为什么人造光和进化会困住昆虫？”符合题意。

故选B。］作业14人与环境类说明文

A

（2021•全国乙）

You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans-between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenter

oceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?Artist

BenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplastic

garbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalleduStrawpocalypse,“apairof

1O-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveral

volunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshopping

centerinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceof

plasticpollution,butthey'verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemto

drinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat's

partofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafew

minutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.

Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrateaspecificstatistic：Every60seconds,a

1truckload?sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titledTruckloadofPlastic,“Von

Wongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentied

togethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped（倾倒）fromatruck②allatonce.

VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplastic

footprint.

1.WhatareVbnWong'sartworksintendedfor?

A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.

B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.

C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.

D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.

2.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?

A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.

B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.

C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.

D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.

3.WhateffectwoulduTruckloadofPlastic”haveonviewers?

A.Calming.B.Disturbing.C.Refreshing.D.Challenging.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Artists?OpinionsonPlasticSafety

B.MediaInterestinContemporaryArt

C.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompanies

D.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures

语境猜词

①truckload（合）=truck+load

②allatonce_____________________

B

（2024•安徽皖南八校联考）

Droughtisanincreasingprobleminourwarmingworld.Allcontinentshavebeenexperiencing

moreextendedperiodswithoutrain,leadingtoforestfiresandpoorcropgrowth.Consequently,

peoplearelookingatcloudseedingtosolvetheproblem-amethodofencouraging

precipitation（降水）bysendingsmallparticlesofcertainchemicalsintoclouds.

Cloud-seedingexpertArlenHugginshasbeenstudyingits①effectiveness."Myearliest

experiencewastousecloudseedingtoreducetheamountofhail（冰雹）innortheastColorado.We

didn'thaveanyluckwiththat,butwehadsuccesslateroninincreasingsnowfallinUtah.Now,

thefocusisshiftingtowardsincreasingrainfallfromsummerclouds，whichisfarmore

②unpredictable,“saidhe.

Theproblemisthatit'sprettyhardtoknowwhetherprecipitationresulteddirectlyfrom

cloudseeding.ltmighthaverainedorsnowedanyway.Evenifyoupracticecloudseedinginone

placeanddon?tinanother,it'simpossibletoknowforsurewhatcausedtheprecipitation.As

cloudseedingisexpensiveanditseffectivenessuncertain,itsusefulnessisstillamatterof

opinion,“saysKatjaFriedrich,aresearcherofUniversityofColorado.

Additionally,it'snotduringfoggyandsnowyconditionsthatpeoplethinkofincreasingthe

chanceofrainfall.Whenacountryishitbydrought,thencloudseedingisn'tanoptionduetothe

lackofclouds.Duringdrought,skiestendtobeclearwithfewclouds.Thebestoptiontoprevent

droughtistoseedattimesoftheyearwhenrainfalllevelsarenormalorhigher.

Therearealsoenvironmentalissuesregardingtheimpactofcloudseeding.Athighlevels,the

chemicalssentintothecloudscanharmhumansandotheranimals,andsomestudieshavefound

themslightlypoisonous.Apartfromthat,someenvironmentalistsareconcernedaboutthe

③long-termimpacts,asthereisn'tdataonhowmuchthosechemicalsaccumulateinthe

environmentover10years.

5.Whatisthepurposeofcloudseeding?

A.Toincreasegrainoutput.

B.Toslowdownglobalwarming.

C.Toreducechemicalsintheair.

D.Todealwithdryandrain-freeweather.

6.HowisArlenHuggins'earliestexperienceinparagraph2?

A.It'seffective.B.It'sunsuccessful.

C.It'ssatisfying.D.It's@fruitful.

7.WhatisKatjaFriedrich?sattitudetowardscloudseeding?

A.Favourable.B.Opposed.

C.Unclear.D.Doubtful.

8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A.Droughtcurrentlyposestheonlythreattoforestsandcrops.

B.Rainmakinginanyweatherwillcometrueinthenearfuture.

C.Researchersnowcannottellifrainfallisbroughtbycloudseeding.

D.Chemicalssentintothecloudswillbecomelesspoisonousovertime.

语境猜词

①effectiveness（派）=effect+ive+ness

②unpredictable（派）=un+predict+able

③long-term（合）=long+term

④fruitful（派）=fruit+ful

⑤pose熟义：儿姿势

生义（文义）：a_____________________

C

（2024・湖南长沙二模）

TheYellowRiveristhecradleofChinesecivilization.Andfloodcontrolandpreventionhave

alwaysbeenkeytothewell-beingofthepeoplelivingalongit.Now,scientistscanbetterworkon

theseissuesbygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.

ThedigitaltwinoftheYellowRiverusesvarioustechnologies,includingbigdata,artificial

intelligence,andtheInternetofthings.Devicessetupalongtherivercollectandtransmit

informationtothecenter.Basedontheinformation,a3Dmodeloftheriverispresentedonthe

computerscreen.ltsliketheYellowRiverhasatwinthatreflectsitsrealconditions.

Onebig①breakthroughintheriver'sdigital②governanceis“smartstones”.Accordingto

WangQin,aleadresearcherattheInformationCenterofYellowRiverHenanBureau,asmart

stoneisawater-proofstone-shapeddevicewithchips,abattery,andasignaltransmitter.Theyare

buriedinimportantdike（堤坝）locationstorecordandreportthemovementofdikestones."Upon

feelingmovementofthedikestones,thesmartstonesendsanalarmtothecenterforquick

response,“Wangsaid.

“Inthepast,researchershadtolearntheconditionsofthedikeonthespotbythemselves,

puttingtheirlivesatrisk,“saidZhaoXiaoxiongfromthebureau.^Nowthesmartstonescando

thisforus,moresafely,quickly,andaccurately.,,

Andinthesky,drones（无人机）areflying.Ontheroutesdesignedbyengineers,thedrones

becomeexpertpatrollers（巡逻员）oftheriver,lookingatitsdikesandfloodprevention

projects.AccordingtoShenLinfromtheYellowRiverConservancyCommission,thankstothe

drones,researchersatthecommandcentercangetfirst-handphotosandinformation.uResearchers

thenupdatethe3Dmodelaccordingtothechangesthedronesreported.Thenewlyupdatedmodel

helpsustestourfloodwaterreleaseplansincaseweeverneedto③battendownthehatches（未雨绸

缪），"saidShen.

Underthewaterandupinthesky,intelligencesystemsarehelpingtoprotecttheYellowRiver

Basinonallfronts.AccordingtotheMinistryofWaterResources,inthefuture,wecanexpectto

seetheconstructionofanevenmorecomprehensivedigitalsystemforthisimportantriver.

9.WhatisthemainpurposeofcreatingadigitaltwinoftheYellowRiver?

A.Toconducthistoricalresearch.

B.Tocreateavirtualtouristattraction.

C.Toraisepublicawarenessofriverprotection.

D.Toimprovefloodcontrolandpreventionefforts.

10.Howdothesmartstonescontributetotheriver?sdigitalgovernance?

A.Theyrecordwaterquality.

B.Theyimprovetheriver?sbeauty.

C.Theymonitorandreportthestatusofthedike.

D.Theyserveasmarkersforimportantlocations.

11.WhatisoneofthefunctionsofdronesinthedigitalgovernanceoftheYellowRiver?

A.Entertainingtourists.

B.Collectinginformationondikeconditions.

C.Patrollingandtakingwildlifephotos.

D.Testingwaterquality.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“comprehensive“inthelastparagraphprobablymean?

A.Complete.B.Basic.C.Beautiful.D.Natural.

语境猜词

①breakthrough（合）=break+through

②governance（派）=govern+ance

③battendown____________________

语境猜词答案

A.①一卡车（的量）②突然地；同时

B.①有效性，效力②无法预测的③长期的④成果丰硕的⑤造成，引起

C.①突破，重大进展②管理，治理③准备应对可能的麻烦或困难

答案精析

语篇解读艺术家BenjaminVonWong非常关注塑料污染的问题，他用回收的废旧塑料垃圾

创作巨型雕塑，以唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。

1.C［推理判断题。根据第一'段最后一句"Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,

forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.“可知，艺术家Von

Wong制作雕塑的目的是迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系，即关注塑料垃圾

造成的问题。故选C。］

2.A［细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是其中的"Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteis

recycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceofplasticpollution...becauseoftheir

smallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled."可知，全球仅有9%的塑料废弃物被回收利用,

而且作者特别说明了塑料吸管因为体积小和重量轻而无法被回收。由此可知，作者在第三段

讨论塑料吸管的问题是为了说明塑料吸管回收的困难。故选A。］

3.B［推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，TruckloadofPlastic这一作品直观展现了塑料

污染的严重性，会令人不安，故选B。］

4.D［标题归纳题。通览全文可知，作者主要讲述了艺术家VonWong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑

以唉起人们对环保问题的关注，故选D。］

语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了虽然人工增雨被认为是解决干旱问题的一种方

法，但是人工增雨的效果难以确定，并且存在环境问题和受气候条件的制约。因此，虽然人

工增雨可能会在一些条件下对缓解干旱有一定益处，但其实用性和可行性仍有待讨论。

5.D［细节理解题。根据第一'段"Droughtisanincreasingproblem...encouraging

precipitation（降水）...chemicalsintoclouds.（在我们日益变暖的世界里，干旱是一个日益严重的

问题。所有大陆都经历了更多的长时间无雨期，导致森林火灾和作物生长不良。因此，人们

正在研究人工增雨来解决这个问题——一种通过将某些化学物质的小颗粒送入云层来促进降

水的方法）”可知，人工增雨是为了应对干旱无雨的天气。故选D。］

6.B［推理判断题。根据第二段中"Myearliestexperience...luckwiththat（我最早的实践是

在科罗拉多州东北部使用人工增雨来减少冰雹的数量。我们运气不好）”可知，ArlenHuggins

最初的实践没有成功。故选B。］

7.D［观点态度题。根据第三段中KaijaFriedrich的话“Ascloudseedingisexpensiveandits

effectivenessuncertain,itsusefulnessisstillamatterofopinion（由于人工增雨成本鬲昂，其有效

性也不确定，因此其实用性仍有待讨论）”可知，KatjaFriedrich对人工增雨的做法持怀疑态

度。故选D。］

8.C［推理判断题。根据第三段中“Theproblemisthatit'sprettyhardtoknowwhether

precipitationresulteddirectlyfromcloudseeding.（问题是，很难知道降水是否直接来自人工增

雨）”可知，研究人员现在无法判断降雨是否是由人工增雨带来的。故选C。］

语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄河数字事生体的创建目的、运行方式和发展。

9.D［细节理解题。根据第一■段"TheYellowRiveris...Andfloodcontrolandprevention...by

givingtheriveradigitaltwin.（黄河是中华文明的摇篮。洪水的控制和预防一■直是保障黄河沿岸

人民幸福生活的关键。现在，科学家们可以通过给黄河创建一个数字挛生体来更好地解决这

些问题）”可知，创建黄河数字挛生体的主要目的是加强洪水的控制和预防工作。故选D。］

10.C［细节理解题。根据第三段中"Theyareburiedin...ofdikestones.（它们被埋在重要的

堤坝上，以记录和报告堤坝石块的活动）”以及第四段过去，研究人员必须冒着生命危险，

亲自到现场了解堤坝的情况，'来自该局的赵潇雄说道。'现在智能石头可以帮我们更安全、

更快速且更精确地完成这项工作。'”可知，智能石头监测和报告堤坝的状况。故选C。］

11.B［细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中"Ontheroutesdesigned...floodprevention

projects.（在工程师设计的路线上，无人机成为河流的专业巡逻员，监视河堤和防洪工程）”可

知，无人机在黄河数字化治理中的作用之一是收集堤防状况信息。故选B。］

12.A［词义猜测题。根据最后一段内容可知，在水下和空中，智能系统正在帮助保护黄河

流域的各个方面，据水利部表示，在未来，我们可以期待为这条重要河流建设一个更全面的

数字系统。由此猜测，画线词意为“全面的”。故选A。］

作业15书籍作品介绍及书评类说明文

A

（2023・新课标H）

ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject——thebook,

representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageof

thereaderappearsthroughouthistory，inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcame

intobeing.Inartists?representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanity

thatgobeyondcultureandtime.

Inthis“bookofbooks"，artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizesthese

connectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathome

oratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed（描

绘）aloneinmanysettingsandposes-absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamoment

ofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswe

canallrelateto.

Booksthemselvesmaybeused①symbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect（才智），

wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasured

objectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebecome

inexpensiveoreventhrowaway，artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialfor

artworks-transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.

Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomakethe

printedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,but

itremainsasinteractiveasany③battery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbe

activatedbyauser:thecoverop