2020年英语专业四级考试真题和答案分析

2020年英语专业四级考试真题和答案分析一、听力理解（ListeningComprehension）（一）对话（Conversations）对话1听力原文：W:Hi,Mark.Iheardyouwenttoajobinterviewlastweek.Howdiditgo?M:Well,itwasquiteanexperience.Theinterviewerswereverystrict.Theyaskedmealotoftechnicalquestionsaboutmymajorincomputerscience.W:Likewhat?M:Theyaskedmetoexplainhowadatabasemanagementsystemworks.AndtheyalsowantedtoknowaboutmyexperienceinprogramminglanguageslikeJavaandPython.W:Oh,thatsoundstough.Didyouanswerthemwell?M:Ithinkso.Istudiedthosethingsreallyhardincollege.Buttheyalsoaskedmesomequestionsaboutteamwork.TheywantedtoknowifIcouldworkwellwithothersinaproject.W:That'simportantinanyjob.So,whatdidyousay?M:Itoldthemaboutagroupprojectwedidincollege.Wehadtodevelopasmallsoftwareapplication,andIworkedcloselywithmyteammembers.Wedividedthetasksandcompletedtheprojectontime.题目及答案分析1.WhatisMark'smajor?A.Computerscience.B.Softwareengineering.C.Databasemanagement.D.Programminglanguages.答案：A。原文中明确提到“Theinterviewerswereverystrict.Theyaskedmealotoftechnicalquestionsaboutmymajorincomputerscience.”，所以答案是A。2.Whichprogramminglanguageswerementionedintheinterview?A.C++andJava.B.JavaandPython.C.PythonandC.D.CandC++.答案：B。文中“AndtheyalsowantedtoknowaboutmyexperienceinprogramminglanguageslikeJavaandPython.”给出了答案，即Java和Python，选B。3.Whatdidtheinterviewersaskaboutteamwork?A.Mark'sleadershipexperience.B.Mark'sabilitytoworkwithothersinaproject.C.Mark'scommunicationskillsinateam.D.Mark'sproblem-solvingskillsinateam.答案：B。根据“Buttheyalsoaskedmesomequestionsaboutteamwork.TheywantedtoknowifIcouldworkwellwithothersinaproject.”可知，面试官询问的是Mark在项目中与他人合作的能力，选B。对话2听力原文：M:Hey,Sarah.I'mplanningashorttripduringthecomingholiday.Doyouhaveanygoodplacestorecommend?W:Well,ifyoulikenature,youcouldgototheBlueMountain.Ithasbeautifulscenery,withmountains,forests,andclearstreams.Youcangohikingthere.M:Soundsgreat.ButIalsowanttodosomeculturalactivities.W:ThenyoumightconsidervisitingtheancienttownofRiverdale.Ithasalonghistoryandmanywell-preservedancientbuildings.Youcanlearnalotaboutthelocalculturethere.M:That'sinteresting.Howfarisitfromhere?W:It'sabout200kilometersaway.Youcandrivethereinaboutthreehours.题目及答案分析4.WheredoesSarahrecommendifthemanlikesnature?A.TheGreenValley.B.TheBlueMountain.C.TheRedRiver.D.TheGoldenBeach.答案：B。Sarah说“ifyoulikenature,youcouldgototheBlueMountain.”，所以选B。5.WhatcanthemandoinRiverdale?A.Goswimming.B.Gofishing.C.Learnaboutlocalculture.D.Dosomeshopping.答案：C。根据“Ithasalonghistoryandmanywell-preservedancientbuildings.Youcanlearnalotaboutthelocalculturethere.”可知，在Riverdale可以了解当地文化，选C。6.HowcanthemangettoRiverdale?A.Bytrain.B.Bybus.C.Byplane.D.Bycar.答案：D。文中提到“Youcandrivethereinaboutthreehours.”，即可以开车去，选D。（二）短文（Passages）短文1听力原文：Thedevelopmentoftechnologyhashadaprofoundimpactoneducation.Inthepast,studentsmainlylearnedfromtextbooksandteachersintheclassroom.Butnow,withtheInternetanddigitaldevices,learninghasbecomemorediverse.Onlinecourseshavebecomeverypopular.Studentscanchoosefromawiderangeofcoursesondifferentplatforms.Theycanlearnattheirownpace,whichisveryconvenient.Forexample,astudentwhoisinterestedinarthistorycantakeanonlinecoursefromawell-knownuniversitywithouthavingtogothereinperson.Anotherchangeistheuseofeducationalapps.Theseappscanprovideinteractivelearningexperiences.Theycanincludegames,quizzes,andvideostomakelearningmoreengaging.Forinstance,languagelearningappscanhelpstudentspracticespeaking,listening,reading,andwritinginafunway.However,technologyalsobringssomechallenges.Forexample,somestudentsmaygetdistractedbysocialmediaorothernon-educationalcontentontheirdevices.Andthereisalsoadigitaldivide,whichmeansthatnotallstudentshaveequalaccesstotechnology.题目及答案分析7.Whatwasthemainwayoflearninginthepast?A.Throughonlinecourses.B.Fromtextbooksandteachersintheclassroom.C.Withthehelpofeducationalapps.D.Bywatchingeducationalvideos.答案：B。原文“Inthepast,studentsmainlylearnedfromtextbooksandteachersintheclassroom.”表明过去主要的学习方式是从课堂上的课本和老师那里学习，选B。8.Whatisanadvantageofonlinecourses?A.Theyarefreeofcharge.B.Studentscanlearnattheirownpace.C.Theyaretaughtbyfamousprofessors.D.Theyhavealargenumberofstudents.答案：B。文中提到“Theycanlearnattheirownpace,whichisveryconvenient.”，这是在线课程的一个优势，选B。9.Howdoeducationalappsmakelearningmoreengaging?A.Byprovidingfreecourses.B.Byofferingone-on-onetutoring.C.Byincludinggames,quizzes,andvideos.D.Byconnectingstudentswithexperts.答案：C。根据“Theseappscanprovideinteractivelearningexperiences.Theycanincludegames,quizzes,andvideostomakelearningmoreengaging.”可知，教育应用程序通过包含游戏、测验和视频使学习更有吸引力，选C。10.Whatchallengedoestechnologybringtoeducation?A.Itmakeslearningmoredifficult.B.Somestudentsmaygetdistracted.C.Itreducesthequalityofeducation.D.Itmakesteachersredundant.答案：B。文中指出“somestudentsmaygetdistractedbysocialmediaorothernon-educationalcontentontheirdevices”，这是技术给教育带来的一个挑战，选B。短文2听力原文：Thehoneybeeisaveryimportantinsect.Itplaysacrucialroleinpollination.Pollinationistheprocessbywhichpollenistransferredfromthemalepartofaflowertothefemalepart,whichisnecessaryfortheproductionofseedsandfruits.Honeybeescollectnectarfromflowerstomakehoney.Whiletheyarecollectingnectar,theyalsopickuppollenontheirbodies.Whentheymovefromoneflowertoanother,theytransferthepollen,thusfacilitatingpollination.However,honeybeesarefacingmanythreats.Oneofthemainthreatsistheuseofpesticides.Pesticidescankillhoneybeesdirectlyorweakentheirimmunesystems,makingthemmoresusceptibletodiseases.Anotherthreatishabitatloss.Asmoreandmorelandisusedforagricultureorurbandevelopment,thenaturalhabitatsofhoneybeesarebeingdestroyed.Toprotecthoneybees,somemeasurescanbetaken.Forexample,farmerscanreducetheuseofpesticides.Andwecanalsocreatemorenaturalhabitatsforhoneybees,suchasplantingwildflowersinourgardens.题目及答案分析11.Whatisthemainfunctionofhoneybeesinnature?A.Tomakehoney.B.Tocontrolpests.C.Topollinateflowers.D.Toprovidefoodforotheranimals.答案：C。原文“Itplaysacrucialroleinpollination.”说明蜜蜂在自然界的主要功能是授粉，选C。12.Howdohoneybeestransferpollen?A.Byflyingfromoneplacetoanother.B.Bycarryingitontheirbodieswhenmovingbetweenflowers.C.Byspreadingitthroughtheair.D.Bystoringitintheirhives.答案：B。文中提到“Whiletheyarecollectingnectar,theyalsopickuppollenontheirbodies.Whentheymovefromoneflowertoanother,theytransferthepollen”，所以蜜蜂是通过在花朵间移动时将花粉携带在身上来传播花粉的，选B。13.Whatisoneofthemainthreatstohoneybees?A.Climatechange.B.Pesticideuse.C.Over-harvestingofhoney.D.Competitionfromotherinsects.答案：B。根据“Oneofthemainthreatsistheuseofpesticides.”可知，农药的使用是蜜蜂面临的主要威胁之一，选B。14.Whatcanfarmersdotoprotecthoneybees?A.Plantmoreflowers.B.Increasetheuseofpesticides.C.Reducetheuseofpesticides.D.Buildmorebeehives.答案：C。文中提到“farmerscanreducetheuseofpesticides”，所以农民可以通过减少农药的使用来保护蜜蜂，选C。二、词汇与语法（VocabularyandGrammar）15.Theprofessor,aswellashisassistants,______workinginthelabdayandnighttocompletetheproject.A.isB.areC.wasD.were答案：A。当主语后面跟有aswellas连接的词组时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。本句中前面的主语是Theprofessor，是单数，且句子描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时，所以选A。16.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswho______passedtheexam.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are答案：B。在“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，若one前有theonly等修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。这里who引导的定语从句修饰theonlyone，所以用has，选B。17.______hehasmadeadecision,itisnoteasytochangehismind.A.OnceB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.Until答案：A。Once表示“一旦”，引导时间状语从句。本句意思是一旦他做了决定，就很难改变他的想法，符合语境，选A。18.Thenewpolicyisexpectedto______economicgrowth.A.stimulateB.accumulateC.allocateD.eliminate答案：A。stimulate意为“刺激，促进”；accumulate是“积累”；allocate是“分配”；eliminate是“消除”。“刺激经济增长”用stimulateeconomicgrowth，选A。19.I'msorryIcan'tgototheparty.Ihavean______withmydentistthisevening.A.appointmentB.arrangementC.engagementD.interview答案：A。haveanappointmentwith是“与……有预约”，这里说和牙医有预约，符合题意，选A。20.Theproblemissocomplexthatitwilltakeusseveralhoursto______it.A.workoutB.lookoutC.figureoutD.makeout答案：C。figureout表示“弄清楚，解决”；workout有“算出，制定出”等意思；lookout是“小心”；makeout是“辨认出，理解”。这里说解决问题，用figureout，选C。21.HespokesofastthatIcouldhardly______whathewassaying.A.makeforB.makeupC.makeoutD.makeoff答案：C。makeout有“理解，听清”的意思，这里说他说得太快，几乎听不清他在说什么，选C。22.Theoldmanisingoodhealth______hisage.A.consideringB.regardedC.concerningD.respecting答案：A。considering意为“考虑到，鉴于”，这里说考虑到他的年龄，老人身体状况很好，符合语境，选A。23.Thestudentsarerequiredto______acompositioneveryotherweek.A.handinB.handoutC.handoverD.handdown答案：A。handin是“上交”；handout是“分发”；handover是“移交”；handdown是“传下来”。学生被要求每隔一周交一篇作文，用handin，选A。24.______bythebeautyofnature,thetouristsfromabroaddecidedtostayanothertwodaysinthesmalltown.A.AttractingB.AttractedC.TobeattractedD.Havingattracted答案：B。thetourists和attract之间是被动关系，即游客被自然之美所吸引，用过去分词作状语，选B。三、完型填空（Cloze）Theworldisfullofvariety.Plantsandanimals25fromcountrytocountry.This26ofbiologicaldiversityprovideshumanswithagreat27ofgoodsandservices.Biologicaldiversityhasthreeimportant28:geneticdiversity,speciesdiversity,andecosystemdiversity.Geneticdiversityisthe29ofgeneticinformationwithinaspecies.It30thedifferencesingenesamongindividualsofthesamespecies.Forexample,differentvarietiesofthesamecropplantcanhavedifferent31suchasresistancetodiseasesortolerancetodrought.Speciesdiversityreferstothenumberand32ofspeciesinagivenarea.Ahighspeciesdiversitymeanstherearemanydifferentspecies33.Tropicalrainforestsareknownfortheirextremelyhighspeciesdiversity.EcosystemdiversityisthevarietyofecosystemsonEarth.Ecosystemscanbeas34asasmallpondoraslargeasawholeocean.Eachecosystemhasitsown35setoforganismsandenvironmentalconditions.25.A.varyB.changeC.differD.alter答案：A。vary强调“在不同种类、特征等方面存在差异”，这里说植物和动物在不同国家有所不同，用vary合适，选A。26.A.typeB.formC.kindD.variety答案：D。根据前文“Theworldisfullofvariety”可知这里用variety，thisvarietyof表示“这种……的多样性”，选D。27.A.numberB.amountC.quantityD.range答案：D。agreatrangeof表示“各种各样的”，生物多样性为人类提供各种各样的商品和服务，选D。28.A.aspectsB.fieldsC.areasD.sections答案：A。aspect表示“方面”，生物多样性有三个重要方面，选A。29.A.amountB.quantityC.numberD.sum答案：A。amount通常用于不可数名词，geneticinformation是不可数的，这里指一个物种内遗传信息的数量，用amount，选A。30.A.makesB.causesC.resultsinD.accountsfor答案：D。accountfor有“解释，说明……的原因”的意思，这里说它解释了同一物种个体间基因的差异，选D。31.A.featuresB.characteristicsC.propertiesD.qualities答案：B。characteristic强调“特点，特征”，不同品种的作物有不同的特征，如抗病性或耐旱性，选B。32.A.kindsB.typesC.sortsD.forms答案：A。kinds表示“种类”，物种多样性指给定区域内物种的数量和种类，选A。33.A.livingB.existingC.inhabitingD.dwelling答案：B。exist强调“存在”，这里说有很多不同的物种存在，选B。34.A.smallB.tinyC.littleD.minute答案：A。与后面的“aslargeasawholeocean”相对应，这里说生态系统可以像小池塘一样小，用small，选A。35.A.specialB.specificC.particularD.peculiar答案：B。specific强调“特定的，特有的”，每个生态系统都有其特定的一组生物和环境条件，选B。四、阅读理解（ReadingComprehension）Passage1Inrecentyears,theconceptofsustainabletourismhasgainedincreasingattention.Sustainabletourismaimstominimizethenegativeimpactsoftourismontheenvironment,society,andeconomy,whilemaximizingthepositiveones.Oneofthekeyaspectsofsustainabletourismisenvironmentalprotection.Thisincludesreducingpollution,conservingnaturalresources,andprotectingwildlifehabitats.Forexample,someeco-resortsuserenewableenergysourcessuchassolarandwindpower,andtheyalsoimplementwastemanagementsystemstoreducetheirenvironmentalfootprint.Anotherimportantaspectissocialresponsibility.Sustainabletourismshouldbenefitlocalcommunities.Itcancreatejobs,supportlocalbusinesses,andpreservelocalcultures.Forinstance,touristscanvisitlocalhandicraftmarketsandbuytraditionalproducts,whichhelpstosustainthelocaleconomyandculturalheritage.Economically,sustainabletourismcancontributetolong-termeconomicgrowth.Byattractingmoreenvironmentallyandsociallyconscioustourists,destinationscanincreasetheirtourismrevenue.Moreover,sustainabletourismpracticescanreduceoperatingcostsfortourismbusinessesinthelongrun.However,achievingsustainabletourismisnotwithoutchallenges.Thereisoftenalackofawarenessamongtouristsandtourismbusinessesaboutsustainablepractices.Andimplementingsustainablemeasuresmayrequiresignificantinvestmentininfrastructureandtraining.36.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionintourism.B.Theconceptandaspectsofsustainabletourism.C.Theeconomicbenefitsofsustainabletourism.D.Thechallengesofachievingsustainabletourism.答案：B。文章首先介绍了可持续旅游的概念，然后分别从环境、社会和经济三个方面阐述了其特点，最后提到了实现可持续旅游面临的挑战，所以主要讲的是可持续旅游的概念和方面，选B。37.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofenvironmentalprotectioninsustainabletourism?A.Visitinglocalhandicraftmarkets.B.Usingrenewableenergysourcesineco-resorts.C.Creatingjobsforlocalcommunities.D.Increasingtourismrevenue.答案：B。文中提到“someeco-resortsuserenewableenergysourcessuchassolarandwindpower,andtheyalsoimplementwastemanagementsystemstoreducetheirenvironmentalfootprint”，这是可持续旅游中环境保护的例子，选B。38.Howcansustainabletourismbenefitlocalcommunitiessocially?A.Byreducingpollution.B.Byattractingmoretourists.C.Bycreatingjobsandpreservinglocalcultures.D.Byincreasingtourismrevenue.答案：C。根据“Sustainabletourismshouldbenefitlocalcommunities.Itcancreatejobs,supportlocalbusinesses,andpreservelocalcultures.”可知，可持续旅游在社会方面可以通过创造就业机会和保护当地文化来造福当地社区，选C。39.Whatisoneofthechallengesofachievingsustainabletourism?A.Lackofgovernmentsupport.B.Lackofawarenessamongtouristsandbusinesses.C.Highcostoftourismproducts.D.Competitionfromotherdestinations.答案：B。文中指出“Thereisoftenalackofawarenessamongtouristsandtourismbusinessesaboutsustainablepractices”，这是实现可持续旅游的一个挑战，选B。Passage2TheInternethasrevolutionizedthewayweliveandwork.Ithasmadeinformationmoreaccessiblethaneverbefore.Withjustafewclicks,wecanfindinformationonalmostanytopic.OneofthemajorimpactsoftheInternetisoneducation.Onlinelearningplatformshaveemerged,allowingstudentstotakecoursesfromtopuniversitiesaroundtheworld.Thishasincreasededucationalopportunities,especiallyforthoseinremoteareas.Inthebusinessworld,theInternethaschangedthewaycompaniesoperate.E-commercehasbecomeamajorforce,enablingbusinessestoreachaglobalcustomerbase.Smallbusinessescannowcompetewithlargecorporationsonamorelevelplayingfield.However,theInternetalsohasitsdownsides.Oneofthebiggestconcernsisonlineprivacy.Personalinformationcanbeeasilycollectedandmisusedbycompaniesandhackers.Thereisalsotheproblemofonlinemisinformation,whichcanspreadquicklyandcauseconfusion.40.WhathastheInternetmademoreaccessible?A.Goodsandservices.B.Educationalresources.C.Information.D.Businessopportunities.答案：C。根据“Ithasmadeinformationmoreaccessiblethaneverbefore.”可知，互联网使信息更容易获取，选C。41.HowhastheInternetimpactededucation?A.Ithasreducedthequalityofeducation.B.Ithaslimitededucationalopportunities.C.Ithasincreasededucationalopportunities,especiallyforremoteareas.D.Ithasmadeeducationmoreexpensive.答案：C。文中提到“Onlinelearningplatformshaveemerged,allowingstudentstotakecoursesfromtopuniversitiesaroundtheworld.Thishasincreasededucationalopportunities,especiallyforthoseinremoteareas.”，所以互联网增加了教育机会，特别是对偏远地区的人，选C。42.WhatisachangeinthebusinessworldduetotheInternet?A.Smallbusinessesareatadisadvantage.B.E-commercehasbecomelessimportant.C.Companiescanonlytargetlocalcustomers.D.Smallbusinessescancompetewithlargecorporationsmorefairly.答案：D。根据“E-commercehasbecomeamajorforce,enablingbusinessestoreachaglobalcustomerbase.Smallbusinessescannowcompetewithlargecorporationsonamorelevelplayingfield.”可知，互联网使小企业能更公平地与大企业竞争，选D。43.WhatisoneofthedownsidesoftheInternet?A.Slowaccessspeed.B.Onlineprivacyconcerns.C.HighcostofInternetservices.D.Lackofonlinecontent.答案：B。文中明确指出“Oneofthebiggestconcernsisonlineprivacy.Personalinformationcanbeeasilycollectedandmisusedbycompaniesandhackers.”，所以网络隐私问题是互联网的一个缺点，选B。五、写作（Writing）题目Nowadays,moreandmorepeopleareusingmobilepaymentmethodssuchasAlipayandWeChatPay.Somepeoplethinkitisveryconvenient,whileothersworryaboutitssecurity.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.范文及分析Inmodernsociety,theprevalenceofmobilepaymentmethodslikeAlipayandWeChatPayhassparkedaheateddebate.Someindividualsholdtheviewthatitoffersunparalleledconvenience,whileothersexpressconcernsregardingitssecurity.Ononehand,theconvenienceofmobilepaymentisundeniable.Firstly,itsimplifiesthepaymentprocess.Gonearethedayswhenpeoplehadtocarryabulkywalletfilledwithcashandvariouscards.Withjustasmartphoneinhand,theycancompletetransactionsinamatterofseconds.Forexample,whenshoppingatasupermarket,customersonlyneedtoscantheQRcodeprovidedbythecashier,andthepaymentisdone.Secondly,mobilepaymentisavailable24/7.Peoplecanmakepaymentsatanytimeandfromanywhere,whethertheyarebuyingacupofcoffeeonthewaytoworkorpayingforanonlinepurchaselateatnight.Ontheotherhand,securityisamajorconcernformany.Mobilepaymentreliesheavilyonpersonalinformationandonlinenetworks.Ifaperson'smobilephoneislostorstolen,andthepaymentappisnotproperlyprotected,thereisariskofunauthorizedaccesstotheiraccounts.Hackersmayalsotargetmobilepaymentsystems,tryingtostealpeople'sfinancialinformation.Forinstance,phishingattackscantrickusersintorevealingtheirpasswordsorothersensitivedata.Inmyopinion,whilethesecurityissuesofmobilepaymentcannotbeignored,theconvenienceitbringsfaroutweighsthepotentialrisks.Toaddressthesecurityconcerns,usersshouldtakesomeprecautions.Theycansetupstrongpasswordsandenableadditionalsecurityfeaturessuchasfingerprintorfacerecognition.Moreover,mobilepaymentcompaniesshouldcontinuouslyimprovetheirsecuritysystemstopreventcyber-attacks.Inconclusion,mobilepaymentisasignificantinnovationinthefinancialfield.Althoughtherearesecurityproblems,withpropermeasures,itcanbeasafeandconvenientwayofpayment.分析-观点阐述清晰：文章首先明确指出对于移动支付存在两种不同观点，然后分别详细阐述了其便利性和安全性问题。在阐述便利性时，从简化支付流程和随时可用两个方面进行了说明，并举例加以佐证。在讨论安全性时，指出了手机丢失和黑客攻击等潜在风险。-个人观点合理：作者表明自己认为便利性远大于风险的观点，并提出了用户和支付公司应采取的措施来解决安全问题，使观点更具说服力。-结构完整：文章采用了总分总的结构，开头引出话题，中间分别论述两种观点并给出自己的看法，结尾总结全文，强调移动支付的重要性以及解决安全问题的可行性。六、翻译（Translation）汉译英中国文化有着悠久的历史和丰富的内涵。它不仅包括传统的艺术形式，如绘画、书法和音乐，还涵盖了哲学、文学和民俗等方面。中国哲学强调人与自然的和谐统一，这种理念对中国人的生活方式和价值观产生了深远的影响。中国文学作品，如《红楼梦》《西游记》等，不仅在中国